M.J. Guthriel, D.G. Wagner2
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1 EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL PROTEIN OR GRAIN ON INTAKE AND UTILIZATION OF MEDIUM QUALITY PRAIRIE HAY BY STEERS M.J. Guthriel, D.G. Wagner2 and D.C. Weakley3 Stry in Brief Sixteen 1,053 lb tw-year-ld Herefrd steers were used in fur replicatins f a 4 x 4 Latin square t determine the effect f different prtein and grain supplementatin prgrams n intake and digestibility f medium quality prairie hay (4.2 percent CP, dry matter basis). Prairie hay was fed free chice. The fur treatments (dry matter basis) were: 1) Cntrl, hay nly, plus minerals-vitamins; 2) Lw level f supplemental prtein (LL),.8 lb f 32 percent CP supplement/day; 3) High level f supplemental prtein (HL), 1.4 lb f 34 percent CP supplement/day;4) Crn grain based supplement cntaining lw level f prtein (GR), 3.1 lb supplement/day, 13 percent CP The HL treatment was selected t prvide twice the supplemental prtein as the LL treatment, and at an equal hay intake, the LL and GR treatments prvided equal ttal dietary prtein. All three supplementatin prgrams increased (P<.Ol) daily prairie hay intake, dry matter (DM) intake, DM digestibility, apparent CP digestibility, and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility cmpared with the cntrl. Mrever, the HL prtein treatment increased (P<.Ol) daily hay intake, DM intake, DM digestibility and apparent CP digestibility cmpared t the LL prtein treatment. The HL treatment als increased (P<.02) ADF digestibilitycmpared t the LL treatment. The GR treatment increased (P<.Ol) DM intake cmpared t the LL treatment; mrever, the level f grain fed was nt detrimental t digestibility parameters. Digestible DM intakes averaged 4.98, 7.96, 10.2 and 9.09 lb per day n the cntrl, LL, HL and GR treatments, respectively. Intrductin A psitive effect f prtein supplementatin n lw quality frage intake, utilizatin and weight respnses has been dcumented previusly. Lw quality frages include cereal straws, winter range pastures, r marginal quality grass hays. Several recent Oklahma studies have shwn psitive weight gain respnses in stcker calves grazing mid t late summer native ranges. Traditinally, if a supplement has been used in the summer mnths fr stcker calves n grass, a grain rather than a prtein supplement has been fed. On the ther hand, prtein supplements have been used in the winter t supplement very lw quality native range pastures. The bjective f this research was t evaluate intake and digestibility when medium quality prairie hay (harvested in July) was fed t steers with tw levels f a high prtein supplement and a grain supplement. The supplements and levels were chsen t be similar t thse which have been used in supplementatin prgrams fr stcker cattle grazing native range pastures during late summer mnths. lgraduate Assistant 2prfessr, Animal Science 3Frmer Graduate Student 160 Oklahma Agricultural Experiment Statin
2 Materials and Methds Sixteen tw-year-ld Herefrd steers (1,053 lb) were blcked int fur grups by weight and utilized in fur simultaneus 4 x 4 Latin squares. The treatments were: prairie hay, plus 1) Minerals and Vitamin A (cntrl); 2) Lw level f supplemental prtein (LL) using a sybean meal based prtein supplement (32 percent CP); 3) High level f supplemental prtein (HL) using a sybean meal based supplement (34 percent CP) and 4) Crn grain (GR) based supplement cntaining lw (13 percent CP) level f prtein. The ingredient cmpsitin f the supplements is shwn in Table 1 and nutrient cmpsitin f the hay and supplements in Table 2. Medium quality prairie hay was available ad libitum in all treatments. The LL, HL and GR supplements were fed nce daily t prvide 0.8, 1.4 and 3.1 lb supplement dry matter per day. The HL treatment was selected t prvide twice the supplemental prtein as the LL treatment. At an equal hay intake, the LL and GR treatments were selected t prvide equal ttal dietary prtein. A small amunt f labeled cttnseed hulls was fed twice daily t administer the indigestible marker, chrmic xide, fr digestibility determinatins. After a five-day diet adaptatin perid, fecal samples were cllected twice daily (am and pm) fr fur days. Prairie hay (fed and rejected) was weighed daily and sampled n days 5-8. Samples were cmpsited, dried and grund fr analyses. On the tenth day f sampling, bdy weight was recrded. Table1. Ingredient cmpsitin Ingredient Cntrl Sybean meal, % Crn, % CaC03, % Dicalcium phsphate, % 42.3 KCl, % 17.9 TM salt, % 28.1 Na2S04' % 11.2 Vitamin A, %.57 alb supplement fed/day (DM basis). bcp% f supplement (DM basis). f the supplements (DM basis)..8 lb/daya 1.4 lb/daya 3.1 lb/daya 32% Cpb 34% Cpb 13% Cpb Table 2. Nutrient cmpsitins f hay and supplements. a Prairie.8 lb/day 1.4 lb/day Item hay Cntrl 32% CP 34% CP Dry matter, % Crude prtein, % Acid detergent fiber,% adm basis. 3.1 lb/day 13% CP Animal Science Research Reprt 161
3 Results and Discussin Daily intakes f prairie hay and ttal DM were higher (P<.Ol) n all three supplementatin treatments (LL, HL, GR) cmpared t the cntrl (Table 3). Frage intake and ttal DM intake were increased (P<.Ol) n the HL supplementatin treatment cmpared with LL. Intake f DM als was higher (P<.Ol) fr the GR cmpared t LL treatment. Dry matter digestibilities were increased (P<.Ol) frm 49.6 percent n the cntrl treatment t 54.3, 58.4 and 56.0 percent n the LL, HL and GR treatments, respectively. In additin, the DM digestibility fr the HL treatment was higher (P<.Ol) than fr LL. As mre supplement is added, digestibility f the ratin shuld increase because supplement is mre digestible than hay, and the percent f hay in the diet is being diluted. Cmparisn f bserved versus expected ratin dry matter digestibilities n the varius treatments (Figure 1) shws a very psitive synergistic effect fr enhancing ratin digestibility (bserved > expected) fr the tw prtein supplement treatments, but als f imprtance, the cmparisn shws the absence f Table 3. Daily intake f hay and supplements and digestibility parameters (DM basis). Item Cntrl LLa Hay intake,lbde Supplementintake,lb Supplementalprtein,lb Dry matterintake,lbdegh Dry matterdigestibility,%de Digestibledry matterintake,lb Apparentcrudeprteindig,%de Acid detergentfiberdig,%df a.8 lb f supplement (sybean meal 32% CP bl.4 lb f supplement (sybean meal 34% CP c3.l lb f supplement (crn 13% CP d Cntrl vs. all supplementaltreatments (P<.Ol) SE ell vs. HL (P<.Ol). fll VB. HL (P<.02). gll vs. GR (P<.Ol). ~tal dry matter intake includes hay, supplementand 352 g (400g as fed) f cttnseed hulls. 162 Oklahma Agricultural Experiment Statin
4 I- I D Observed LSS.1 Expected :? 55 "-.a "- II> CII QJ '" ::: 45 t- Cntrl LL HL GR Supplements Figure 1. Cmparisn f bserved vs expected diet dry matter digestibilities. Expected digestibilities are based upn values btained fr hay n the cntrl treatment and 80% DM digestibility fr the supplement. Treatments were: 1) Cntrl, hay nly, plus.2 lb mineral-vitamin mix; 2) Lw level f supplemental prtein (LL),.8 lb f 32% CP supplement/day; 3) High level f supplemental prtein (HL), 1.4 lb f 34% supplement/day; 4) Crn grain based supplement cntaining lw level f prtein (GR), 3.1 lb f 13% CP supplement/day. any negative effects f the grain supplement n digestibility parameters fr the level fed in this study. This can be further illustrated by calculatins shwing that the supplements had apparent digestibilities f 135, 159 and 82 percent fr the LL, HL and GR supplements, respectively -- if ne assumes the same digestibility fr the hay as nted n the cntrl treatment. Regardless f the values ne might select in making calculatins fr expected digestibility, the relative respnse pattern nted amng treatments wuld remain the same. The calculated 82 percent digestibility value fr the GR supplement is abut as shuld be expected and suggests sme substitutin f digestible energy frm crn fr hay cmpared t the SBM treatments. Ttal digestible DM intakes were increased substantially n the three supplementatin prgrams, with digestible DM intakes being 4.98, 7.96, 10.2 and 9.08 lb per day n the cntrl, LL, HL and GR treatments, respectively. Apparent CP digestibilities and acid detergent fiber digestibilities were als higher (P(.Ol) n the three supplementatin treatments cmpared t the cntrl. Apparent CP digestibility n the HL treatment was higher (P(.Ol) cmpared t the LL treatment. Crrectins 1984 Animal Science Research Reprt 163
5 fr metablic fecal nitrgen wuld yield higher prtein digestin cefficients. Acid detergent fiber digestibility was increased (P<.02) n the HL cmpared t the LL treatment. In general, the feeding f a prtein supplement increased bth the intake and digestibility f medium quality prairie hay. In additin, the higher level f prtein supplementatin further increased frage intake and ratin digestibility in this trial as cmpared with the lwer prtein level. As in previus studies by Arelvich et al. (1983), the level f starch fed in the GR treatment was nt detrimental t either intake r digestibility parameters cmpared t the LL treatment which supplied apprximately the same level f ttal prtein in the daily ratin. A higher level f dietary prtein may have been advantageus and shuld be studied. Different results may be btained with different supplement levels, management practices r types and qualities f rughages. Further studies are needed t determine the imprtance f such variables. Literature Cited Arelvich, H.M., D.G. Wagner and C.A. Hibberd Okla. Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Rep. MP-114: Oklahma Agricultural Experiment Statin
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