An Update on Current Amino Acid Requirements and Energy for Swine K STATE. RESEARCH and EXTENSION. KSUswine.org

Transcription

1 An Update on Current Amino Acid Requirements and Energy for Swine K STATE RESEARCH and EXTENSION KSUswine.org

2 How do you value synthetic amino acids? When using synthetics amino acids to replace intact protein sources (i.e. soybean meal), several factors must be considered: Impact on diet cost Accurate requirement estimates Standardized ileal digestible amino acid basis Appropriate amino acid ratios Impact on dietary energy (ME vs NE)

3 Step 1 Determine the standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement of 7 to 11 kg pigs.

4 Effect of dietary lysine on ADG of 7 to 11 kg pigs (D 0 14) Quadratic P < SEM = 0.03 ADG, g SID Lysine, % Nemechek et al., 2010

5 Effect of dietary lysine on F/G of 7 to 11 kg pigs (D 0 14) Linear, P < SEM = 0.02 F/G SID Lysine, % Nemechek et al., 2010

6 Step 2 Determine the standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement of 7 to 11 kg pigs. Determine if we can replace fish meal with crystalline amino acids

7 Treatment Diets (d 0 to 14) Fish meal, % Ingredient, % L lysine HCl DL methionine L threonine L tryptophan L isoleucine L valine Glutamine Glycine

8 Effect of replacing fish meal with crystalline amino acids in phase 1 on ADG (D 0 14) Treatment P > 0.92 SEM = ADG, g Fish meal, % Nemechek et al., 2010

9 Step 3 Determine the standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement of 7 to 11 kg pigs. Determine if we can replace fish meal with crystalline amino acids Find the limiting amino acids

10 By deleting one amino acid at a time, we can determine which is first limiting, and therefore determine its requirement. Isoleucine Tryptophan Valine Experimental Treatments 60 or 52% of lysine 20 or 15% of lysine 70 or 57% of lysine

11 Effect of removing specific crystalline amino acids from a low CP, high AA fortified diet on ADG (d 0 14) SEM = 13.4 ADG, g bc c ab a a a Dietary Treatment abc Within a row, means without a common superscript differ (P < 0.05)

12 Determine the standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement of 7 to 11 kg pigs. Determine if we can replace fish meal with crystalline amino acids Find the limiting amino acids Titrate Valine Step 4

13 Effect of valine:lysine ratio on ADG from 7 to 12 kg Linear = < Quadratic = SEM = ADG, g Valine:lysine ratio, % Nemechek et al., 2011

14 Determine the standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement of 7 to 11 kg pigs. Determine if we can replace fish meal with crystalline amino acids Find the limiting amino acids Titrate Valine Titrate Tryptophan Step 5

15 Recommended SID Trp:lysine ratio for pigs with NRC vs Brazilian or INRA nutrient values

16 Influence of SID Trp:Lys ratio on pig performance Ma et al., 2010

17 Effect of Trp:Lys ratio on ADG of pigs from 6 to 10 kg Linear = < 0.02 Quadratic = 0.33 SEM = ADG, g Tryptophan:lysine ratio, % Nitikanchana et al., 2011

18 Effect of Trp:Lys ratio on F/G of pigs from 6 to 10 kg Linear = < 0.06 Quadratic = 0.08 SEM = Feed/gain Tryptophan:lysine ratio, % Nitikanchana et al., 2011

19 Influence of SID Trp:Lys ratio on IOFC

20 Step 6

21 Dietary Treatments 6 dietary treatments (2 x 3) Low or high crystalline amino acids Fish meal, meat and bone meal, or poultry meal Crystalline amino acid level Specialty Protein Low Low Low High High High Fish Meal Meat and Bone Poultry meal Fish Meal Meat and Bone Poultry meal Nemechek et al., 2011

22 Treatment Diets, (d 0 to 14) Low Crystalline AA High Crystalline AA Ingredient, % FM M&B PM FM M&B PM Corn Soybean meal, 46.5% CP Poultry meal Meat and bone meal Fish meal Spray dried whey Soybean oil L lysine HCl DL methionine L threonine L tryptophan L valine Vitamins and minerals Total Nemechek et al., 2011

23 Effect of crystalline amino acids and specialty protein source fed from 7 to 12 kg on ADG (d 0 14) Protein source, P > 0.19 Low vs high, P = 0.04 SEM = ADG, g Nemechek et al., 2011

24 Effect of crystalline amino acids and specialty protein source fed from 7 to 12 kg on F/G (d 0 14) Protein source, P > 0.45 Low vs high, P = 0.15 F/G Nemechek et al., 2011

25 Overall Conclusions from amino acid trials with 7 to 11 kg pigs L tryptophan and L valine were needed in low CP, amino acid fortified nursery diets for maximum growth performance. SID amino acid requirements Lysine = 1.30% Valine:lysine = 65% Tryptophan:lysine at least 19% Commonly used specialty protein sources, such as fish meal, meat and bone meal, and poultry meal, can be replaced with crystalline amino acids in phase 2 nursery diets.

26 Will increasing Tryptophan affect finishing pig performance? Pens of pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with SID Trp:Lys ratios of: 14.0% 15.0% 16.5% 18.0% All diets were corn soybean meal based with 30% DDGS. All diets were fed in meal form in 4 phases (SID lysine at 0.95, 0.87, 0.78, and 0.69% in each phase).

27 Effect of SID Trp:Lys on finishing ADG (d 0 42; initial BW 36.3 kg) SID Trp:Lys

28 Effect of SID Trp:Lys on finishing ADG (d 42 to 105; BW 72.6 to 130 kg) SID Trp:Lys

29 Effect of SID Trp:Lys on final BW (d 105; BW 36.3 to 130 kg) Linear, P < SEM = 1.35 SID Trp:Lys

30 Materials and Methods A total of 1,214 pigs (PIC , initially 66.3 kg) were used in a 73 d finishing trial. Pens of pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatment groups with SID Trp:Lys of: 15.0% 16.5% 18.0% 19.5% 15.0% with L trp added to achieve 18.0% SID trp:lys. All diets were corn soybean meal based with 30% DDGS.

31 Effect of SID Trp:Lys on finishing ADG (d 0 to 73; BW 68 to 125 kg) SID Trp:Lys with L Trp

32 Effect of SID Trp:Lys on finishing G:F (d 0 to 73; BW 68 to 125 kg) SID Trp:Lys with L Trp

33 Effect of SID Trp:Lys on final BW (d 0 to 73; BW 68 to 125 kg) SID Trp:Lys with L Trp

34 DDGS x SID Trp:Lys ratio for finishing pigs (d 0 to 71; BW 70 to 135 kg) Trp:Lys, % DDGS, % Nitikanchana et al., 2011

35 DDGS x SID Trp:Lys ratio for finishing pigs (d 0 to 71; BW 70 to 135 kg) Trp:Lys, % DDGS, % Nitikanchana et al., 2011

36 DDGS x SID Trp:Lys ratio for finishing pigs (d 0 to 71; BW 70 to 135 kg) Trp:Lys, % DDGS, % Nitikanchana et al., 2011

37 Conclusion For grow finish pigs fed 30% DDGS, the ideal SID trp:lys was: At least 16.5 % for pigs 36 to ~ 70 kg At least 19.5% for pigs ~70 to 130 kg Feeding L trp resulted in similar growth performance to pigs fed a diet formulated to the same SID trp:lys ratio without L trp.

38 How do you value synthetic amino acids? What is the correct energy value for soybean meal? Kcal/kg Corn SBM SBM:Corn NRC ME 3,420 3,380 99% NRC NE 2,395 2,020 84% Noblet NE 2,650 2,000 75%

39 Impact of energy system on dietary energy As you add synthetic amino acids to the diet, dietary energy increases. The question is how much? Dietary energy, kcal/kg L-lysine HCl Difference 0 vs.3% L-lysine HCl NRC ME 3,447 3,450 3,452 5 NRC NE 2,288 2,307 2, Noblet NE 2,500 2,531 2,562 62

40 What evidence do we have from empirical trials that may help us answer the energy question? Two experiments in commercial research facilities Exp 1: 1,134 grower pigs from 40 to 61 kg 7 pens per treatment with 27 pigs per pen Exp 2: 1,440 nursery pigs from 10 to 23 kg 6 pens per treatment with 48 pigs per pen

41 Effect of Synthetic Amino Acids on Average Daily Gain (40 to 61 kg).9 vs 1.0%: P<.01 SID lysine, % L-lysine HCl %: Met:Lys,%: Thr:Lys, %:

42 Effect of Synthetic Amino Acids on Feed Efficiency (40 to 61 kg).9 vs 1.0%: P<.10 TSAA ratio of 55 vs 60% P<.08 L-lysine HCl %: Met:Lys,%: Thr:Lys, %:

43 Effect of Synthetic Amino Acids on Energetic Efficiency from 40 to 61 kg NRC ME Noblet NE

44 Effect of Synthetic Amino Acids on Average Daily Gain from 10 to 23 kg Exp. 2 SE =.029 P =.63

45 Effect of Synthetic Amino Acids on Feed Efficiency from 10 to 23 kg Exp. 2 SE = Linear, P<0.04

46 Conclusions from Exp. 2 Replacing soybean meal with crystalline amino acids: Tended to decrease ADFI and improved G/F. As L lysine HCl level increased from 0 to 0.4% F/G improved by 2.2%, ME increased by 0.3% NE increased by 3.7%

47 Effect of Synthetic Amino Acids on Energetic Efficiency from 10 to 23 kg Kcal of ME/kg of gain NRC ME Estimates energy value of SBM at 87% of corn Noblet NE y = -195x R 2 = 0.55 y = 132x R 2 = Kcal of NE/kg of gain L-lysine HCl, % 3400

48 Implications Up to.4% L lysine HCl (with methionine, threonine, and tryptophan) can effectively replace soybean meal and provide similar pig performance in 10 to 161 kg pigs. These experiments demonstrate that the NE content of the diet is increased as crystalline amino acids replace soybean meal. The NRC ME value for soybean meal underestimates the energy value of diets containing high levels of crystalline amino acids. The results of our trials suggest that soybean meal has an energy value of 77 to 87% (77% in grower, 87% in nursery) of the energy value of corn.

49

50 Thank you!

51 Diet Composition for Exp. 1 Synthetic amino acids for 40 to 61 kg pigs L-lysine HCl % Ingredient, % Corn Soybean meal, 46.5% Choice white grease Vitamins and minerals Lysine HCl L-Threonine DL-Methionine Isoleucine Total Protein, % SID Lysine % ME, kcal/kg 3,449 3,449 3,450 3,452 3,454 3,455 NE, kcal/kg 2,555 2,530 2,531 2,562 2,572 2,583

52 Diet Composition for Exp. 2 Synthetic amino acids for 10 to 23 kg pigs L-lysine HCl, % Ingredient, % Corn Soybean meal, 46.5 CP% Choice white grease Vitamins and minerals Lysine HCl L-Threonine DL-Methionine Total Crude Protein, % SID Lysine, % ME, kcal/kg 3,329 3,332 3,335 3,338 3,341 NE, kcal/kg 2,301 2,323 2,344 2,366 2,388