Module Two: Detoxification Systems

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1 Module Two: Detoxification Systems Liana Shanti, CN

2 Module 1 Who should detox and why What we are detoxing from Module 2 Now we look at the systems in the body that are responsible for detoxification and how we can support them. Functions of the detoxification organs Foods seasonally Supplements Herbs

3 Detoxification systems 1. Gastrointestinal- liver, gallbladder, colon 2. Urinary- kidneys, bladder, and urethra 3. Respiratory - lungs, sinuses, mouth/nose 4. Lymphatic-lymph ducts and nodes 5. Skin-sweat and sebaceous glands

4 LIVER Metabolically Complex: Energy balance and regulation, blood protein synthesis, immune modulation. Efficient Liver Function is essential for both endo and exo toxin excretion.

5 Metabolic Poisoning If the liver malfunctions, toxins and hormones accumulate in the body causing disease. ~ Formation of Metabolites

6 The Vicious Cycle of Toxic Overload Detoxification Problems Liver Overload Intestinal Permeability Alcohol Cigarettes Fatty Foods Trans Fats HFCS Dysbiosis Candida Oxidative Stress Treat With Drugs Painkillers Antibiotics OTC Meds Free Radical Production Health Problems

7 The Role of the Liver in Detoxification Most toxins are LIPOPHILIC, must be converted to be excreted. TWO MECHANISMS PHASE I Oxidation Reaction PHASE II Conjugation Reaction

8 The Role of the Liver in Detoxification ~ Enterotoxins (potentially toxic chemicals generated by gut bacteria) ~ Endobiotics (intermediate/end products of normal metabolism) ~ Exotoxins (ingested, inhaled and absorbed toxic chemicals).

9 Phase I and II of Liver Detoxification

10 Phase I Multi-Purpose Enzymes Neutralizes toxins by converting into something that is chemically smaller to be handed over to Phase II, or, alternatively, makes it water-soluble, which allows its excretion by the kidneys or through sweating.

11 Phase I Side Effects Production of Free Radicals This is where antioxidants come into play Reduced glutathione, vitamins C and E, carotenoids, flavenoids and selenium reduce the damage caused by these free radicals.

12 Underactive Phase I Sensitivity to smells, perfumes Sensitivity to Caffeine

13 Phase II Addition of Chemical Groups Conjugation: Sulphation, glucuronidation, and glutathione conjugation. Methylation, acetylation, and amino acid conjugation are the reactions used to prepare toxins for release into bile.

14 Nutrient Requirements Glutathione conjugation: glutathione, vitamin B6, cysteine (NAC is the best source), glutamic acid, and glycine. Amino acid conjugation: mainly glycine, but also glutamine, ornithine, taurine, arginine. Methylation: mainly S-adenosyl-methionine (SAMe), which is normally made from methionine (in most protein foods) and homocysteine, provided there are sufficient B vitamins. Also requires the lipotropic (fat mobilizing) nutrients choline, methionine, betaine (from beetroot), folate (from green vegetables), vitamin B12 (supplements), and B6 (from whole grains and nuts).

15 Nutrient Requirements Sulphation: cysteine, taurine, inositol, choline, methionine, and molybdenum. These nutrients are mostly provided by eggs and cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, brussels sprouts, and cauliflower, and raw garlic, onions, leeks, and shallots. Acetylation: acetyl-coa, derived from normal metabolism. Glucuronidation: glucuronic acid, available in gum Arabic, agar agar gel and apples. The process is stimulated by dill oil, limonene, and caraway seeds.

16 Glutathione Milk Thistle Selenium Flavonoids

17 LIVER SUPPORT SUPPLEMENTATION N-acetlycysteine- (NAC) Increases glutathione levels Selenium- Increases glutathione levels and an anti-oxidant Vit-E- Required for Cyt P450 reactions and an antioxidant, scavenges free radicals Calcium D- glucarate- Increases the net elimination of toxic phase II conjugate. L-methionine- It is a source of sulfur groups essential to phase II sulfation. Glycine- It is a cofactor in phase I and II pathways Glutamine- Heals the intestinal mucosa and protects it from toxic effects during detox. Taurine- It is a cofactor for phase II reactions.

18 Support the Liver Diet and Nutrition 1. Drink filtered water each day. 2. Eat organic only foods. 3. Avoid foods high in pesticides and mercury. 4. Include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds. 5. Avoid red meats, organ meats, refined foods, canned foods, sugar, saturated fats, hydrogenated oils, coffee, alcohol, and nicotine. 6. Eat a natural seasonal cuisine.

19 Winter Seasonal suggestions of Detoxifying Foods Broccoli, cabbage, potato, kale, spinach, chard, butternut squash, onion, cauliflower, collard greens, Jerusalem artichoke. Spring Asparagus, baby carrots, spring garlic, red chard, beets, leeks, broccoli, wild greens such as mustard, sorrel, or collard.

20 Seasonal con t Summer Zucchini, new potatoes, green beans, carrots, onion, beets greens, yellow squash, bell pepper, eggplant. Autumn Broccoli, cabbage, potato, celery, spinach, cauliflower, onion, carrots, chard, sugar peas.

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