SUPPORTING INFORMATION

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1 SUPPORTING INFORMATION Uptake and Tissue Distribution of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Wild Fish from Treated-wastewater Impacted Streams Rumi Tanoue, Kei Nomiyama *, Haruna Nakamura, Joon-Woo Kim, Tomohiko Isobe ǁ, Ryota Shinohara, Tatsuya Kunisue, and Shinsuke Tanabe Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime , Japan. Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, , Tsukide, Kumamoto , Japan. Monitoring and Analysis Division, Seamangeum Regional Environmental Office, 100 Seogok-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, , Republic of Korea. ǁ National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan. *Address correspondence to: Kei Nomiyama Ph.D. Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime , Japan. TEL/FAX: address: The supporting data contains 30 pages, with 11 Tables and 5 Figures. Page S3: Target PPCP ingredients, Page S3: Preparation of standard solutions Page S3 4: Preparation of Preparation of Preparation of standard solutions, Preparation of fish tissues and periphytons Page S5: Table S1. Pharmacological parameters (in mammal) and literature toxicity values (in fish or mammal) of selected PPCPs. Page S6: Table S2. Biological characteristics of the collected wild fish in the present study. Page S7: Table S3. Recovery rates and repeatability determined by triplicate analysis of water samples either spiked (spike s level: 250 ng L -1 ) or unspiked with standards including target PPCPs. Page S8: Table S4. Recovery rates and repeatability (n = 3) of target PPCPs in fish tissues. S1

2 Page S9: Table S5. Method detection limits (MDLs) of target PPCPs determined for fish tissues, ambient water, and periphytons. Page S10 15: Table S6. Concentrations of PPCPs in wild fish from the effluent dominated stream at Kumamoto and Ehime, Japan. Page S16: Table S7. Concentrations of PPCPs in ambient water and periphytons from an effluent dominated stream at Kumamoto and Ehime, Japan. Page S17: Table S8. Measured fish plasma bioaccumulation factors (BAF plasma ) of PPCPs and theoretically calculated plasma bioconcentration factors (BCF plasma ) based on chemical lipophilicity. Page S18 20: Table S9. A comparison of calculated bioaccumulation factors in cyprinoid fish from Ehime in this study with previously reported values. Page S21: Table S10. A comparison of brain/plasma concentration ratios of PPCPs frequently found in the brain of wild fish analyzed in this study with previously reported values. Page S22: Table S11. Linear regression equations of log transformed (log 10 ) PPCP concentrations between tissues and plasma. Page S23: Figure S1. General characteristics of the treated-wastewater receiving streams. Page S24: Figure S2. Log linear correlation between plasma and gill concentrations (Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient). Page S25: Figure S3. Tissue distribution of PPCPs frequently detected in fish. Page S26: Figure S4. Log linear correlation between brain/plasma ratios of selected PPCPs (Pearson correlation coefficient). Page S27: Figure S5. Effect ratio (ER, ratio of effect concentration to measured plasma concentration) of 10 PPCPs frequently detected in fish plasma. Page S28 30: References S2

3 Target PPCP ingredients The analytical standards of target PPCPs were purchased from several vendors: Carbamazepine (CBZ), triclocarban (TCC), and sertraline-d 3 hydrochloride (SER-d 3 ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Diclofenac (DF), indomethacin (IND), mefenamic acid (MF), losartan potassium (LS), crotamiton (CTM), fenofibric acid (FA), (1R, 4S)-N-desmethyl sertraline hydrochloride (NSER), sertraline hydrochloride (SER), diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH), N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide (DEET), carbamazepine-d 10 (CBZ-d 10 ), indomethacin-d 4 (IND-d 4 ), ibuprofen- 13 C 3 (IBP- 13 C 3 ), diclofenac-d 4 (DF-d 4 ), losartan-d 3 (LS-d 3 ), diphenhydramine-d 6 hydrochloride (DPH-d 6 ), N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide-d 6 (DEET-d 6 ), triclocarban- 13 C 6 (TCC- 13 C 6 ), triclosan- 13 C 12 (TCS- 13 C 12 ), diltiazem hydrochloride (DIL), diltiazem-d 3 hydrochloride (DIL-d 3 ), haloperidol (HLP), haloperidol-d 4 (HLP-d 4 ), methyl paraben- 13 C 6 (MeP- 13 C 6 ), and butyl paraben- 13 C 6 (BuP- 13 C 6 ) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Bezafibrate (BZF) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Fenofibric acid-d 6 (FA-d 6 ), methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), propyl paraben (PrP), and butyl paraben (BuP) were obtained from Kanto Chemical Co. Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). Triclosan (TCS) was obtained from Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH (Augsburg, Germany) and (1R, 4S)-N-desmethyl sertraline- 13 C 6 hydrochloride (NSER- 13 C 6 ) was purchased from Cerilliant Corporation (Round Rock, TX, USA). The purity of all analytical standards was more than 98%. Preparation of standard solutions Individual stock solutions ( µg ml 1 ) of each standard were prepared by dissolving a certain amount of the standard in methanol or acetonitrile and were stored at 20 C. A mixture of standard solution (second stock solution) was prepared by diluting each stock solution using methanol or acetonitrile to the final concentration (10 µg ml 1 ) and was stable for 12 months. A working standard mixture (100 ng ml 1 of each target compound) was prepared by diluting the second stock standard mixture using methanol/acetonitrile (1:1, v/v). A mixture of internal standards (ISs) solution containing 10 ng ml 1 of CBZ-d 10, DIL-d 3, and TCC- 13 C 6 ; 20 ng ml 1 of BuP- 13 C 6, BZF-d 4, DEET-d 6, DPH-d 6, FA-d 6, HLP-d 4, LS-d 3, MeP- 13 C 6, and SER-d 3 ; 40 ng ml 1 of IND-d 4, DF-d 4, and TCS- 13 C 12 ; and 100 ng ml 1 of NSER- 13 C 6 was prepared by diluting the individual IS solutions. The working standard mixture and IS mixture solution were stored at 4 C and prepared every 3 months. Preparation of fish tissues and periphytons Sample was weighed (0.5 g tissue or 1 ml of plasma) in a 15-mL polypropylene centrifuge tube after homogenizing with a ULTRA-TURRAX DT-20 Tube (IKA Japan K.K., Osaka, Japan). The sample was spiked with the IS solution (100 µl) and homogenized with a disposable homogenizer BioMasher (Funakoshi Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) for 1 min in acetate S3

4 buffer (1 ml) and acetonitrile (2 ml). The homogenate was extracted by ultrasonication for 15 min, centrifuged (8000 g, 15 min, 4 C), and the supernatant was transferred to a 10 ml glass tube. The sample residue was extracted again with acetate buffer (2 ml) and acetonitrile (2 ml). After centrifugation, the supernatants were combined, evaporated to less than 6 ml under N 2 flow. The extracted solvent was added to a 100-mL glass centrifuge tube containing aqueous 5% NaCl (60 ml) and MTBE (15 ml), and vigorously shaken for 20 min. After centrifugation (720 g, 10 min), the organic phase was transferred to a clean pyriform flask. The liquid liquid partition was repeated and the organic phases were combined. Next, 0.5 M sodium carbonate (1 ml) was added to the aqueous solution and the mixture was vigorously shaken for 20 min. After centrifugation (720 g, 10 min), the organic phases were combined. This treatment of the aqueous phase was repeated. All organic phases were combined and evaporated to less than 1 ml by using a rotary evaporator. A small amount of heat-activated silica gel (after cooling to room temperature) was added to the extract, and the extract was evaporated to dryness under N 2 flow. The analyte absorbed onto the silica gel was loaded onto activated silica gel (3 g) packed in a glass column pre-conditioned with hexane followed by dichloromethane. The first fraction eluted with dichloromethane (50 ml) was discarded, and the second fraction eluted with dichloromethane/acetone (40 ml; 7:3, v/v) was collected. The third fraction eluted with acetone (15 ml) and the fourth fraction eluted with acetone/methanol (40 ml; 4:6, v/v) were collected and combined. After concentration, the second fraction was passed through a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) column filled with Bio Beads S X3 (Bio-Rad Laboratories, CA, USA) to remove remaining lipids from extract. The GPC protocol was performed only for liver and brain samples. Cyclohexane/ethyl acetate (3:1, v/v) was used as the mobile phase for GPC at a flow rate of 4 ml min 1. The first fraction (<110 ml) containing lipids and biological macromolecules was discarded, and the second fraction ( ml) containing the target compounds was collected. After concentration, this fraction was combined with the third and fourth fractions from the silica gel chromatography step, and the combined fractions were evaporated to 1 ml under a flow of N 2. The combined extract was then diluted with Milli-Q water (9 ml) and loaded onto the Oasis HLB cartridge preconditioned with MTBE (3 ml), followed by methanol (3 ml) and Milli-Q water (3 ml). The cartridge was washed with 20% methanol in Milli-Q water (3 ml) and then dried under vacuum for 20 min. The analytes retained in the cartridge were eluted with methanol/mtbe (10 ml; 7:3, v/v), and the eluate was concentrated to 0.3 ml under N 2 flow. The residue was reconstituted in acetonitrile/methanol/milli-q water (1 ml; 3:3:4, v/v/v) and was filtered using a cellulose membrane syringe filter (0.2 µm). The filtered sample was stored in a vial at 4 C until analysis (less than 12 h). S4

5 Table S1 Pharmacological parameters (in mammal) and literature toxicity values (in fish or mammal) of selected PPCPs Pharmaceuticals Human therapeutic level (plasma, ng/ml) a Lowest effective level ng/ml (species, media) Half-life in plasma a Protein binding b Volume of distribution b C max Reference range t1/2 (h) (%) Vd (L/kg) Diclofenac (rainbow trout, water, LOEC) c 1 2 >99 <1.4 Indomethacin Mefenamic acid > Bezafibrate Fenofibric acid > Sertraline 10 (10 ) (fathead minnow, water, ph=8.5) d Norsertaline Diphenhydramine (fathead minnow, water, ph=8.5, NOEC) e 4 10, Carbamazepine (zebrafish, water) f Haloperidol (1 20) Crotamiton Diltiazem Losartan 200 < Personal care products Triclosan 89 (mouse, plasma) g ; 10 (fathead minnow, water) h 21 m Triclocarban 314 (in vitro) i ; 1.6 (fathead minnow, water) j 8.6 n Methyl paraben 160 (Japanese medaka, water, NOEC) k Ethyl paraben 80 (Japanese medaka, water, NOEC) k Propyl paraben 40 (Japanese medaka, water, NOEC) k Butyl paraben 30 (Japanese medaka, water, NOEC) k N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide 1000 (Common carp, water, LOEC) l a Schulz et al., 2012; b Lacy et al., 2012; c Triebskorn et al., 2004 (Histopathological effect); d Valenti et al., 2012 (Shelter-seeking behavior); e Berninger et al., 2011 (Feeding rate); f Galus et al., 2014 (Reproduction); g Cherednichenko et al., 2012 (Cardiac hemodynamics and skeletal muscle contractility); h Fritsch et al., 2013 (Swimming performance); i Huang et al., 2014 (Protein expression of ERα and ps2 in MCF-7 cells); j Schultz et al., 2012 (Aggression); k Yamamoto et al., 2011 (Vitellogenin); l Slaninova et al., 2014 (Hematological effects); m Dann and Hontela, 2011; n Scharpf et al., 1975.

6 Table S2 Biological characteristics of the collected wild fish in the present study Smaple ID Sampling site Sampling period Common name Species Sex Total length (cm) Body length (cm) Body weight (g) CF1 Kumamoto Nov Crucian carp Carassius auratus Female CF2 Kumamoto Nov Crucian carp Carassius auratus Female CF3 Kumamoto Nov Crucian carp Carassius auratus Male CF4 Kumamoto Nov Crucian carp Carassius auratus Female CF5 Kumamoto Nov Crucian carp Carassius auratus Female CF6 Kumamoto Nov Crucian carp Carassius auratus Male CF7 Ehime Aug Crucian carp Carassius auratus Female CF8 Ehime Aug Crucian carp Carassius auratus Female CF9 Ehime Aug Crucian carp Carassius auratus Female CF10 Ehime Aug Crucian carp Carassius auratus Female CF11 Ehime Aug Crucian carp Carassius auratus unknown CF12 Ehime Aug Common carp Cyprinus carpio unknown CF13 Ehime Aug Common carp Cyprinus carpio Male CF14 Ehime Dec Common carp Cyprinus carpio Female CF15 Ehime Dec Common carp Cyprinus carpio Female CF16 Ehime Dec Common carp Cyprinus carpio Female CF17 Ehime Dec Common carp Cyprinus carpio Female CF18 Ehime Dec Common carp Cyprinus carpio Female CF19 Ehime Apr Common carp Cyprinus carpio Male CF20 Ehime Apr Crucian carp Carassius auratus Female CF21 Ehime Apr Crucian carp Carassius auratus Female CF22 Ehime Apr Common carp Cyprinus carpio Female CF23 Ehime Apr Common carp Cyprinus carpio Female CF24 Ehime Apr Common carp Cyprinus carpio Female S6

7 Table S3 Recovery rates and repeatability determined by triplicate analysis of water samples either spiked (spiking level: 250 ng L -1 ) or unspiked with standards including target PPCPs Water sample (ng/l water) Water sample spiked with target PPCPs (ng/l water) Recovery (%) Mean CV (%) Mean CV (%) Pharmaceuticals Diclofenac Indomethacin Mefenamic acid Bezafibrate Fenofibric acid Sertraline Norsertaline <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Diphenhydramine Carbamazepine Haloperidol Crotamiton Diltiazem Losartan Personal care products Triclosan Triclocarban Methyl paraben Ethyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Propyl paraben Butyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide <MDL, below method detection limit. S7

8 Table S4 Recovery rates (n = 3) and repeatability of target PPCPs in fish tissues Compound Relative recovery rate (%) Repeatability, CV (%) Pharmaceuticals Plasma Brain Liver Kidney Muscle Gill Plasma Brain Liver Kidney Muscle Gill Diclofenac Indomethacin Mefenamic acid Bezafibrate Fenofibric acid Sertraline Norsertaline Diphenhydramine Carbamazepine Haloperidol Crotamiton Diltiazem Losartan Personal care products Triclosan Triclocarban Methyl paraben Ethyl paraben Propyl paraben Butyl paraben N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide S8

9 Table S5 Method detection limits (MDLs) of target PPCPs determined for fish tissues, ambient water, and periphytons Compound Fish tissue/organ Ambient water Periphytons MDL (ng/g wet wt) a MDL (ng/l) MDL (ng/g wet wt) Plasma Brain Liver Kidney Muscle Gill Pharmaceuticals Diclofenac Indomethacin Mefenamic acid Bezafibrate Fenofibric acid Sertraline Norsertaline Diphenhydramine Carbamazepine Haloperidol CTM b Diltiazem Losartan Personal care products Triclosan b Triclocarban b Methyl paraben b Ethyl paraben b Propyl paraben b Butyl paraben b N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide b a MDL, method detection limit determined by seven replicate standards spiked tests. b MDLs were determined by measuring seven replicates blank samples S9

10 Table S6 Concentrations of PPCPs in wild fish from the effluent dominated stream at Kumamoto and Ehime, Japan Plasma (ng ml -1 ) CF1 CF2 CF3 CF4 CF5 CF6 CF7 CF8 CF9 CF10 CF11 CF12 CF13 CF14 CF15 CF16 CF17 CF18 CF19 CF20 CF21 CF22 CF23 CF24 Pharmaceuticals Diclofenac <MDL Indomethacin Mefenamic acid Bezafibrate <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Fenofibric acid <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Sertraline Norsertaline <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL 1.25 <MDL <MDL <MDL 2.78 <MDL 1.88 <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL 2.80 Diphenhydramine Carbamazepine <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Haloperidol <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Crotamiton <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Diltiazem <MDL <MDL Losartan <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Personal care products Triclosan Triclocarban <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Methyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Ethyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Propyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Butyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL 1.72 <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL, below method detection limit. S10

11 Table S6. (Continued) Brain (ng g -1 wet weight) CF7 CF8 CF9 CF10 CF11 CF12 CF13 CF14 CF15 CF16 CF17 CF18 CF19 CF20 CF21 CF22 CF23 CF24 Pharmaceuticals Diclofenac <MDL <MDL Indomethacin Mefenamic acid Bezafibrate <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Fenofibric acid <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Sertraline Norsertaline Diphenhydramine Carbamazepine Haloperidol Crotamiton <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Diltiazem <MDL <MDL Losartan <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Personal care products Triclosan <MDL Triclocarban <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Methyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Ethyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Propyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Butyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL, below method detection limit. S11

12 Table S6. (Continued) Liver (ng g -1 wet weight) CF7 CF8 CF9 CF10 CF11 CF12 CF13 CF14 CF15 CF16 CF17 CF18 CF19 CF20 CF21 CF22 CF23 CF24 Pharmaceuticals Diclofenac <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Indomethacin Mefenamic acid Bezafibrate <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Fenofibric acid <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Sertraline Norsertaline Diphenhydramine Carbamazepine <MDL Haloperidol Crotamiton 2.72 <MDL <MDL <MDL 1.80 <MDL 4.28 <MDL <MDL 2.48 <MDL 2.18 <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Diltiazem Losartan <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Personal care products Triclosan Triclocarban <MDL <MDL Methyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Ethyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Propyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Butyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide 6.40 <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL, below method detection limit. S12

13 Table S6. (Continued) Kidney (ng g- 1 wet weight) CF7 CF8 CF9 CF10 CF11 CF12 CF13 CF14 CF15 CF16 CF17 CF18 CF19 CF20 CF21 CF22 CF23 CF24 Pharmaceuticals Diclofenac <MDL 1.04 <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Indomethacin Mefenamic acid <MDL <MDL Bezafibrate <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Fenofibric acid <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Sertraline Norsertaline <MDL <MDL Diphenhydramine Carbamazepine <MDL Haloperidol Crotamiton 2.01 <MDL <MDL 2.10 <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL 2.45 <MDL <MDL 1.83 <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Diltiazem Losartan <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Personal care products Triclosan Triclocarban <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Methyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Ethyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Propyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Butyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide 3.56 <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL, below method detection limit. S13

14 Table S6. (Continued) Muscle (ng g -1 wet weight) CF7 CF8 CF9 CF10 CF11 CF12 CF13 CF14 CF15 CF16 CF17 CF18 CF19 CF20 CF21 CF22 CF23 CF24 Pharmaceuticals Diclofenac <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Indomethacin <MDL Mefenamic acid <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Bezafibrate <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Fenofibric acid <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Sertraline Norsertaline 2.30 <MDL <MDL 2.09 <MDL <MDL Diphenhydramine Carbamazepine <MDL <MDL <MDL Haloperidol <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Crotamiton <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Diltiazem <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Losartan <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Personal care products Triclosan <MDL <MDL 3.71 <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Triclocarban <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Methyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Ethyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Propyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Butyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL, below method detection limit. S14

15 Table S6. (Continued) Gills (ng g -1 wet weight) CF7 CF8 CF9 CF10 CF11 CF12 CF13 CF14 CF15 CF16 CF17 CF18 CF19 CF20 CF21 CF22 CF23 CF24 Pharmaceuticals Diclofenac Indomethacin Mefenamic acid Bezafibrate <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Fenofibric acid <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Sertraline Norsertaline <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Diphenhydramine Carbamazepine <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Haloperidol Crotamiton <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL 2.46 <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Diltiazem <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Losartan <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Personal care products Triclosan Triclocarban <MDL Methyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Ethyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Propyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Butyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL, below method detection limit. S15

16 Table S7 Concentrations of PPCPs in ambient water and periphytons from effluent dominated streams at Kumamoto and Ehime, Japan Ambient water Periphytons Mean concentration, ng/ml (CV, %) Concentration, ng/g wet weight BAF Kumamoto Ehime Ehime Nov Aug Dec Apr Aug Aug (n = 3) (n = 5) (n = 4) (n = 4) (n = 1) (n = 1) Pharmaceuticals Diclofenac (23) 0.13 (19) (15) 0.11 (5.2) 0.13 <MDL <0.16 Indomethacin 0.15 (20) 0.17 (18) 0.15 (6.5) 0.15 (11) Mefenamic acid 0.22 (28) (15) (5.1) (5.4) Bezafibrate 0.63 (10) 0.47 (14) 0.62 (13) 0.74 (8.2) Fenofibric acid 0.10 (89) 0.20 (78) 0.31 (27) 0.19 (57) Sertraline (9.7) (11) (9.9) (14) Norsertaline <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Diphenhydramine 0.25 (14) 0.54 (15) 0.34 (8.5) 0.29 (5.1) Carbamazepine 0.12 (16) (22) (7.9) (7.6) <MDL <0.10 Haloperidol (12) (10) (8.8) (10) Crotamiton 0.57 (18) 0.72 (15) 0.87 (10) 0.89 (14) 0.64 <MDL <1.3 Diltiazem (9.4) (11) (12) (8.7) Losartan (10) 0.18 (12) (12) (15) Personal care products Triclosan 0.29 (27) 0.40 (18) 0.46 (8.2) 0.39 (8.6) Triclocarban (19) (17) (7.6) (7.6) Methyl paraben 0.13 (18) (47) (41) (14) <MDL <180 Ethyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL Propyl paraben (25) (32) (12) (18) <MDL <52 Butyl paraben <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL <MDL N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide 0.13 (8.8) 0.87 (11) 0.10 (14) (10) 1.5 <MDL <1.0 <MDL, below method detection limit. S16

17 Table S8 Measured fish plasma bioaccumulation factors (BAF plasma ) of PPCPs and theoretically calculated plasma bioconcentration factors (BCF plasma ) based on chemical lipophilicity Measured plasma BAF Calculated plasma BCF Log (measured value calculated value) Nov Aug Dec Apr Total (n = 24) D ow D lipw K ow D ow D lipw K ow Median Median Median Median Median (Min Max) Median Median Median Diclofenac ( ) Indomethacin (3.3 33) Mefenamic acid (1.4 19) Bezafibrate < < < < < Fenofibric acid <0.057 <0.028 <0.019 <0.029 < Sertraline (3.3 42) Diphenhydramine ( ) Carbamazepine < (< ) Haloperidol (<1.1 13) Crotamiton <0.75 <0.60 <0.50 <0.49 < Diltiazem ( ) Losartan <0.057 <0.021 <0.050 <0.059 < Triclosan ( ) Triclocarban < (<1.0 17) N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide <6.2 <0.92 <7.6 <10 < BAF, bioaccumulation factor: fish plasma / ambient water concentration ratio S17

18 Table S9 Comparison of calculated bioaccumulation factors in cyprinoid fish from Ehime in this study with previously reported values Compound Exposure period Species ph Tem.( C) Tissue Water conc. (µg/l) Half-life BCF (steady state) BCF (kinetic) Reference Diclofenac (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Plasma (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Brain (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Liver (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Kidney <3.2 (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Muscle (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Gills (Mean, BAF) The present study 10 d (lab) Rainbow trout 7.7 ± ± 0.2 Bile (diclofenac + metabolites) Kallio et al. (2010) 10 d (lab) Rainbow trout Bile 1.8/ ± 294/797 ± 569 (diclofenac + metabolites) Lahti et al. (2011) 10 d (lab) Rainbow trout Plasma 1.8/ ± 3.8/4.9 ± 2.8 Lahti et al. (2011) 14 d (lab) Rainbow trout 7.4 ± ± 0.1 Plasma ± 0.75 Cuklev et al. (2011) 14 d (lab) Rainbow trout 7.4 ± ± 0.1 Liver ± 0.36 Cuklev et al. (2011) 21 d (lab) Rainbow trout 12 Bile 0.5/5/25 657/534/509 Mehinto et al. (2010) 28 d (lab) Rainbow trout Liver ,732 Schwaiger et al. (2004) 28 d (lab) Rainbow trout Kidney Schwaiger et al. (2004) 28 d (lab) Rainbow trout Gills Schwaiger et al. (2004) 28 d (lab) Rainbow trout Muscle Schwaiger et al. (2004) 14 d (lab) Rainbow trout Whole 2.1/ /0.9 d 5/3 (radioactivity measured) 2/2 (radioactivity measured) Memmert et al. (2013) 48 h (lab) Rainbow trout Plasma Brown et al. (2007) 14 d (caged); naturally diluted Rainbow trout <7 12.0/2.1/13.6 Plasma 2.32/0.64/0.28 5/<5/<11 Brown et al. (2007) treated-sewage effluent 14 d (caged); undiluted treated-sewage effluent Rainbow trout Plasma 0.701/0.881/ /2.5/10 Fick et al. (2010) Carbamazepine (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Plasma (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Brain (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Liver (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Kidney (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Muscle (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Gills (Mean, BAF) The present study 10 d (lab) Rainbow trout Plasma 1.6/ ± 0.24/0.30 ± 0.03 Lahti et al. (2011) (wild) Mosquito fish Whole ± ± 144 (BAF) Wang and Gardinali (2012) 7 d (caged); reclaimed water Mosquito fish 8.6 ± ± 0.7 Whole 1.23 ± h Wang and Gardinali (2013) 7 d (lab) Channel catfish 7.9 ± ± 2 Muscle Garcia et al. (2012) 7 d (lab) Channel catfish 7.9 ± ± 2 Liver Garcia et al. (2012) 7 d (lab) Channel catfish 7.9 ± ± 2 Plasma Garcia et al. (2012) 7 d (lab) Channel catfish 7.9 ± ± 2 Brain Garcia et al. (2012) 28 d (lab) Bluntnose minnow 8.0 ± ± 2 Muscle Garcia et al. (2012) 28 d (lab) Bluntnose minnow 8.0 ± ± 2 Liver Garcia et al. (2012) (wild) Tilapia Muscle 2.8 (BAF) Garcia et al. (2012) (wild) Tilapia Liver 3.8 (BAF) Garcia et al. (2012) (wild) Tilapia Plasma 2.5 (BAF) Garcia et al. (2012) 14 d (caged); undiluted treated-sewage effluent Rainbow trout Plasma 0.326/0.388/ /0.8/<4.2 Fick et al. (2010) (wild) Longear sunfish Plasma (BAF) Du et al. (2014) 48 h (lab) Freshwater shrimp Whole (radioactivity measured) Meredith-Williams et al. (2012) 48 h (lab) Water boatman Whole (radioactivity measured) Meredith-Williams et al. (2012) S18

19 Table S9. (Continued) Compound Exposure period Species ph Tem.( C) Tissue Water conc. (µg/l) Half-life BCF (steady state) BCF (kinetic) Reference Sertraline (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Plasma (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Brain (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Liver (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Kidney (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Muscle (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Gills (Mean, BAF) The present study 3 months; 20% v/v effluent (lab) Brook trout Liver ± Lajeunesse et al. (2011) 3 months; 20% v/v effluent (lab) Brook trout Brain ± Lajeunesse et al. (2011) 3 months; 20% v/v effluent (lab) Brook trout Muscle ± Lajeunesse et al. (2011) (wild) White suckers Brain <LOQ (BAF) Schultz et al. (2010) 14 d (caged); undiluted treated-sewage effluent Rainbow trout Plasma <LOQ/0.008/<LOQ >240/138/ Fick et al. (2010) Norsertraline (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Plasma <MDL n.a. The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Brain <MDL 4600 (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Liver <MDL 4500 (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Kidney <MDL 7000 (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Muscle <MDL 880 (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Gills <MDL n.a. The present study 3 months; 20% v/v effluent (lab) Brook trout Liver ± ,250 Lajeunesse et al. (2011) 3 months; 20% v/v effluent (lab) Brook trout Brain ± ,476 Lajeunesse et al. (2011) 3 months; 20% v/v effluent (lab) Brook trout Muscle ± Lajeunesse et al. (2011) (wild) White suckers Brain <LOQ (BAF) Schultz et al. (2010) Diphenhydramine (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Plasma (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Brain (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Liver (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Kidney (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Muscle (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Gills (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Mosquito fish Whole ± ± 422 (BAF) Wang and Gardinali (2012) 7 d (caged); reclaimed water Mosquito fish 8.6 ± ± 0.7 Whole 5.22 ± h Wang and Gardinali (2013) (wild) Longear sunfish Plasma (BAF) Du et al. (2014) Diltiazem (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Plasma (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Brain (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Liver (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Kidney (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Muscle <0.25 (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Gills (Mean, BAF) The present study 7 d (caged); reclaimed water Mosquito fish 8.6 ± ± 0.7 Whole ± h Wang and Gardinali (2013) 14 d (caged); undiluted treated-sewage effluent Rainbow trout Plasma 0.036/0.036/0.037 <139/<139/24 Fick et al. (2010) (wild) Longear sunfish Plasma (BAF) Du et al. (2014) Haloperidol (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Plasma (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Brain (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Liver (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Kidney (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Muscle <6.5 (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Gills (Mean, BAF) The present study 14 d (caged); undiluted treated-sewage effluent Rainbow trout Plasma <LOQ/<LOQ/0.374 / /3.2 Fick et al. (2010) S19

20 Table S9. (Continued) Compound Exposure period Species ph Tem.( C) Tissue Water conc. (µg/l) Half-life BCF (steady state) BCF (kinetic) Reference Bezafibrate (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Plasma <0.021 (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Brain <0.014 (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Liver <0.22 (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Kidney <0.033 (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Muscle <0.028 (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Gills <0.13 (Mean, BAF) The present study 14 d (caged); undiluted treated-sewage effluent Rainbow trout Plasma 0.003/0.009/0.008 <17/<5.6/<6.3 Fick et al. (2010) Triclosan (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Plasma (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Brain (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Liver (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Kidney (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Muscle (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Gills (Mean, BAF) The present study 5 weeks (lab) Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Whole 3/30 4,160/2,530 (radioactivity measured) Orvos et al. (2002) 72/144/240/312 h (lab) Zebrafish (Danio rerio) 6/7/8/9 Whole 50 (36/42/49/47) 16.9/19.6/16.8/ /6660/6820/ /8140/6350/3710 Schettgen (2000) 2 weeks (caged); naturally diluted treated-sewage effluent Freshwater snail 7.4 Whole Coogan and La Point (2008) 2 weeks (caged); naturally diluted treated-sewage effluent Filamentous algae 7.4 Whole ,400 Coogan and La Point (2008) Triclocarban (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Plasma (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Brain (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Liver (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Kidney (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Muscle <3.0 (Mean, BAF) The present study (wild) Common carp; Crucian carp Gills (Mean, BAF) The present study 24 h (lab) Japanese medaka 25 Whole 20 1 h 724 Schebb et al. (2010) 2 weeks (caged); naturally diluted treated-sewage effluent Freshwater snail 7.4 Whole ,600 Coogan and La Point (2008) 2 weeks (caged); naturally diluted treated-sewage effluent Filamentous algae 7.4 Whole ,900 Coogan and La Point (2008) S20

21 Table S10 A comparison of brain/plasma concentration ratios of PPCPs frequently found in the brain of wild fish analyzed in this study with previously reported values Compounds This study (n = 16 18) Mean ± SD (CV, %); Median (Min Max) Reported values Mean ± SD (CV, %); Median (Min Max) References Norsertraline (SER metabolite) 28 ± 22 (80%); 18 (2.8 72) human (n = 10): 39 ± 29 (79%); 24 (14 110) Lewis et al., 2013 Sertraline 22 ± 23 (100%); 12 (3.1 77) human (n = 10): 22 ± 14 (65%) 17 (10 57) Lewis et al., 2013 Haloperidol 18 ± 18 (99%); 12 (2.4 68) human (n = 11): 10 30; rat: 22 (mean) Kornhuber et al., 1999 Diltiazem 5.3 ± 2.9 (54%); 4.4 (2.2 11) Diphenhydramine 4.1 ± 2.1 (52%); 3.5 ( ) human (n = 1): 1.1 Romano et al., 2002 rat (n = 4): 18.4 ± 2.35 (13%) Mahar Doan et al., 2004 Carbamazepine 3.2 ± 2.2 (69%); 2.4 ( ) Triclocarban 1.4 ± 0.57 (42%); 1.4 ( ) human (n = 18): 1.1 ± 0.1 (9.1%); rat: 1.0 ± 0.2 (20%); fish (n = 3): 0.48 (mean) Morselli et al., 1977; Garcia et al., 2012 Triclosan 1.8 ± 1.2 (68%); 1.3 ( ) mice (n = 9): (Min Max) Kanetoshi et al., 1992 Mefenamic acid 0.72 ± 0.23 (32%); 0.70 ( ) Diclofenac 0.66 ± 0.31 (47%); 0.67 ( ) Indomethacin 0.39 ± 0.17 (43%); 0.40 ( ) rat (n = 6): (mean) Okuyama and Aihara, 1984 S21

22 Table S11 Linear regression equations of log transformed (log 10 ) PPCP concentrations between tissues and plasma Brain-plasma Liver-plasma Kidney-plasma Muscle-plasma Gill-plasma Compound R b p-value N c Linear regression d Diclofenac a < Indomethacin < log(y)=1.03 log(x)+log(-0.453) Mefenamic acid < log(y)=1.00 log(x)+log(-0.167) Sertraline log(y)=0.495 log(x)+log(0.796) Diphenhydramine < log(y)=0.696 log(x)+log(0.481) Carbamazepine Haloperidol Diltiazem log(y)=0.765 log(x)+log(0.236) Triclosan < log(y)=0.710 log(x)+log(0.464) Triclocarban log(y)=0.460 log(x)+log(-0.127) Diclofenac < log(y)=0.684 log(x)+log( ) Indomethacin a < Mefenamic acid Sertraline < log(y)=0.768 log(x)+log(0.902) Diphenhydramine log(y)=0.503 log(x)+log(0.819) Carbamazepine Haloperidol Diltiazem Triclosan < log(y)=0.551 log(x)+log(1.78) Triclocarban < log(y)=0.755 log(x)+log(0.575) Diclofenac log(y)=0.910 log(x)+log(0.0281) Indomethacin Mefenamic acid Sertraline log(y)=0.706 log(x)+log(1.13) Diphenhydramine < log(y)=1.12 log(x)+log(1.22) Carbamazepine Haloperidol < Diltiazem Triclosan < log(y)=0.542 log(x)+log(0.904) Triclocarban < log(y)=0.967 log(x)+log(0.175) Diclofenac Indomethacin < log(y)=0.822 log(x)+log(-0.796) Mefenamic acid n.a. n.a. 4 Sertraline < log(y)=0.870 log(x)+log(0.0344) Diphenhydramine < log(y)=0.568 log(x)+log(-0.368) Carbamazepine Haloperidol a Diltiazem n.a. n.a. 2 Triclosan log(y)=0.763 log(x)+log(-0.127) Triclocarban log(y)=0.247 log(x)+log(-0.607) Diclofenac Indomethacin < log(y)=0.612 log(x)+log(0.689) Mefenamic acid log(y)=0.404 log(x)+log(-0.194) Sertraline log(y)=0.460 log(x)+log(0.311) Diphenhydramine log(y)=0.399 log(x)+log(0.0721) Carbamazepine Haloperidol Diltiazem Triclosan < log(y)=0.602 log(x)+log(1.19) Triclocarban a < a Spearman correlation coefficient due to non-normal distribution of data; b bold face: p < 0.05, italic face: 0.05 p < 0.10; c number of samples; d (y): tissue concentration, (x): plasma concentration, a linear regression equation of log-transformed (log 10 ) concentrations between tissues and plasma was determined for PPCPs with more than 0.4 of a normally-distributed correlation coefficient. S22

23 River flow WWTP1 River width: less than 70 m Effluents discharge point River flow River width: less than 10 m WWTP2 Effluents discharge point 100 m Plant ID Location Population served Average flow (m 3 /day) Primary treatment Secondary treatment WWTP 1 Kumamoto 262, ,000 Primary settling Activated sludge WWTP 2 Ehime 212,000 88,000 Primary settling Activated sludge WWTP 2 WWTP 2 River flow Effluent flow Figure S1. General characteristics of the treated-wastewater receiving streams. S23