Developing a Behaviorally-Based Attract and Kill System for Spotted Wing Drosophila

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1 Developing Behviorlly-Bsed Attrct nd Kill System for Spotted Wing Drosophil Leskey Lbortory USDA ARS Applchin Fruit Reserch Sttion Kerneysville, WV 2543

2 Optimizing Components of Trp-Bsed Monitoring nd Mngement Systems Visul Stimulus Olfctory Stimulus Deployment Strtegy Cpture Mechnism

3 Perimeter-Bsed Attrct nd Kill System for Apple Mggot

4 Proof of Concept Attrct-nd-Kill Study Will SWD light on red spheres? Wht effect does their presence hve on infesttion? Relesed 25 mles nd 25 femles into field cges. Tretments Sphere lone Sphere + olfctory ttrctnt Sphere + rspberry plnt Sphere + olfctory ttrctnt + rspberry plnt Rspberry plnt lone Flies forged freely for 48 h. Recorded number of SWD cptured (kill) nd number of lrve + pupe recovered from fruit (control).

5 SWD infesttion in rspberries reduced by 5% when sphere included in the cge. SWD lighted on spheres, but cptures reduced by 5% in presence of rspberry plnt.

6 Cn We Develop n Attrct nd Kill System for SWD? Visul Stimulus Olfctory Stimulus Deployment Strtegy Cpture Mechnism

7 Does SWD Respond To Visul Cues?

8 Wht Did We Know? Visul cues used by drosophilids to discriminte mong hosts (Menne nd Sptz 1977). Drosophil melnogster utilizes visul cues, prticulrly verticl edges, when responding to odor (Frye et l. 23). Bsolto et l. (213) reported tht flies responded in gretest numbers to red nd blck stimuli in lbortory studies, but didn t necessrily trnslte in the field.

9 Visul Ecology of SWD Identifying Attrctive Visul Cues Color, Shpe nd Size Lbortory, Semi-field nd Field Trils

10 Visul Stimuli Color Shpe Size

11 Lbortory Relese 2 colony-rered, mture nesthetized SWD into cge. SWD permitted to freely forge for 6h. Semi-Field Relese 3 colony-rered, mture nesthetized SWD. SWD permitted to freely forge for 48h. Field Assess response of wild SWD popultions. Stimuli in field for 48h.

12 Men No. SWD Cptured Per Sphere Men No. SWD Per Stimulus Men No. SWD Per Stimulus Men No. SWD Cptured Per Sphere Men No. SWD Cptured Per Stimulus Men No. SWD Per Stimulus Men No. SWD Cptured Per Sphere Men No. SWD Per Shpe Stimulus Lbortory 9 b bc Color Shpe Size bc bcd cde de e Blck Red Ornge Green Purple Yellow Blue White Visul Stimulus Semi-Field b bc 15 bc 1 bc bc 5 c Blck Red Ornge Purple Blue Green Yellow Visul Stimulus Field 9 b bc 5 bc 4 3 bc bc 2 1 c c Blck Red Purple Ornge Blue Greem White Yellow Visul Stimulus Sphere Cylinder (Horizontl) Cube Inverted Pyrmid Visul Stimulus Sphere Cylinder Horizontl Cylinder Sphere Cylinder Horizontl Cylinder Cube Cube Cylinder (Verticl) Inverted Pyrmid Inverted Pyrmid Pyrmid Pyrmid Pyrmid b

13 Conclusions From Visul Ecology Trils SWD do respond to visul cues. Color ppers importnt s blck nd red routinely outperformed other colors. A sphericl shpe with size greter thn 2.5 cm ppers cceptble.

14 Men No. SWD Cptured Per Sphere Could An Olfctory Attrctnt Improve Efficcy? Bited Unbited

15 Men No. Flies Per Trp Per Week 214 Bit Comprison In Stndrd Deli Cups 12 A SWD Other 4 2 B B b B Scentry Trece Yest/Sugr Control

16 Men No. SWD Per Sphere Per Week 214 Bit Comprison In Assocition With Spheres Results re mixed, but ppers tht including bit with sphere cn improve overll ttrctiveness. 4 b b b 3 2 b 1 Trece Scentry Yest/Sugr Droso Bit Control

17 Cn We Replce Tngletrp s Killing Agent? Evlute lethlity of ttrcticidl spheres developed for AMF for SWD. Cp contins feeding stimulnt (sugr) nd toxicnt. Exploits environmentl moisture to continuously renew toxicnt on sphere surfce.

18 Lbortory Evlution of Lethlity Insecticides: Bifenthrin, Lmbd-cyhlothrin, Spinetorm, nd Spinosd. Rtes:.,.1,.1,.5 nd 1.%.i. Evluted minimum 2 mles nd 2 femles/insecticide/rte. Relesed t sphere equtor nd llowed to forge freely for 5 min. Mesured forging time. Evluted toxic effects t, 24 nd 48 h fter exposure

19 Percent Mortlity Lethlity 1 b b b b 8 b c c c c d d c c Bifenthrin λ-cyhlothrin Spinetorm Spinosd Active Ingredient

20 Field Tril of Attrcticidl Spheres Cn we reduce SWD infesttion in susceptible crop using ttrcticidl spheres?

21 Experimentl Set-Up Potted rspberries with ripe fruit plced in field. Four experimentl tretments evluted for SWD mngement. 1) weekly sprys (Brigde, Entrust or Dnitol) 2) 1% Delegte ttrcticidl spheres (1 per plnt) 3) sprys + spheres 4) Control Monitored SWD popultions with trps bited with yest/sugr. Hrvested ripe berries nd evluted infesttion rtes.

22 Infesttion Rtes from Attrcticidl Sphere Field Tril Men No. SWD Lrve nd/or Pupe Per Berry 8 7 b Sphere Spry Sphere + Spry Control Tretment Regime

23 Cn We Find Better Insecticide Formultion?

24 Continued Lethlity Trils Toxicnt Requirements With Current System Dry formultion High % AI Idelly, n orgniclly pproved mteril Venom (Dinotefurn) ws very promising in lbortory trils. 1% Venom used in field trils in 214.

25 214 Field Tril Rspberry plnting. Four experimentl tretments evluted for SWD mngement. 1) weekly sprys (Brigde, Delegte or Dnitol) 2) 1% Venom ttrcticidl spheres (1 per plnt) 3) sprys + spheres 4) Control Monitored SWD popultions with trps bited with yest/sugr. Hrvested ripe berries nd evluted infesttion rtes.

26 Men No. SWD Per Fruit b Attrcticidl Sphere Insecticide Appliction Attrcticidl Sphere + Insecticide Appliction First Hrvest Smple (8/19/214) Control

27 Wht If We Include A Bit? Rspberry plots of four NH Growers. Two experimentl tretments evluted for SWD mngement. 1) Grower Control (Norml Prctice) 2) Grower Control + 1% Venom ttrcticidl spheres (1 sphere every 3 m) + Trece SWD Bit Hrvested ripe berries nd evluted infesttion rtes.

28 Men No. SWD Per Smple Men No. SWD Per Smple Men No. SWD Per Smple Men No. SWD Per Smple Preliminry Results Jul 14-Jul 21-Jul 28-Jul 4-Aug 11-Aug Smple Dte Control Attrcticidl Sphere Jul 28-Jul 4-Aug 11-Aug 18-Aug Smple Dte Control Attrcticidl Sphere Control Attrcticidl Sphere 4 3 Control Attrcticidl Sphere 2 1 Smple Dte 29-Aug

29 Tenttive Conclusions Bited ttrcticidl spheres ppered to hve positive impct on SWD infesttions in rspberry plntings. Lower infesttion rtes in ll smples, except one. As popultions increse, control breks down.

30 Next Steps Behviorl trils ssessing SWD response to spheres +/- bits in context of host plnts. SWD behvior in host plnts. Attrcticidl sphere formultion issues. Deployment strtegy.

31 Post-Doctorl Position Avilble Leskey lbortory seeking post-doctorl resercher to id in trils imed t understnding the behviorl ecology of SWD nd developing n effective behviorlly-bsed mngement strtegy for this invsive pest. Emil Trcy Leskey t trcy.leskey@rs.usd.gov for more informtion.

32 Acknowledgments Northestern Regionl IPM Awrd North Americn Rspberry nd Blckberry Assocition Driscoll Strwberry Assocites, Inc. Aln Eton, UNH

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