Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

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1 ambridge International Examinations ambridge International dvanced Subsidiary and dvanced Level 9700/ IOLOGY Paper Multiple hoice October/November 05 hour dditional Materials: * * Multiple hoice nswer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type or H is recommended) RE THESE INSTRUTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. o not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Write your name, entre number and candidate number on the nswer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you. O NOT WRITE IN NY ROES. There are forty questions on this paper. nswer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers,, and. hoose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate nswer Sheet. Read the instructions on the nswer Sheet very carefully. Each correct answer will score one mark. mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. ny rough working should be done in this booklet. Electronic calculators may be used. This document consists of 6 printed pages. I5 _9700_/5RP ULES 05 [Turn over

2 Which size of ribosome is found in chloroplasts? 60S 70S 80S 90S ifferent units are used when measuring biological specimens. In which rows are the same measurements correctly expressed in each of the units shown in the column headings?,, and, and only and only and only mm µm nm Which features of cilia and root hairs are correct? increase cell surface area cannot be resolved with the light microscope contain vacuoles more than one present on a cell cilia cilia root hairs root hairs cilia root hairs cilia cilia root hairs cilia root hairs cilia root hairs root hairs cilia root hairs ULES //O/N/5

3 The diagram shows a typical animal cell. Each labelled structure is involved with the synthesis of biological molecules. Within which structures are glycoproteins, proteins and steroids synthesised? 5 glycoproteins proteins steroids What is present in a Vibrio cholerae cell? cell wall Golgi body rough endoplasmic reticulum ULES //O/N/5 [Turn over

4 6 7 What is correct for a typical prokaryotic cell? cell wall cell diameter ribosomes cellulose -5 µm 70S cellulose 5-0 µm 70S and 80S peptidoglycan -5 µm 70S peptidoglycan 5-0 µm 70S and 80S The table shows the results of tests carried out on a sample of biological molecules. test colour observed enedict s blue biuret purple iodine blue-black Which shows the types of molecules present in the sample? 8 protein reducing sugar starch key present absent The synthesis of biological molecules requires the formation of bonds. Which row is correct? a bond forms between the phosphate of one monomer and the sugar of the next monomer a β-, bond forms between the monomers to give an unbranched chain the hydroxyl group of the carboxylic acid group is removed and a carbon-nitrogen bond is formed to give an unbranched chain polynucleotide amylose polypeptide polynucleotide cellulose polypeptide phospholipid amylose polynucleotide phospholipid cellulose polynucleotide ULES //O/N/5

5 5 9 Which row describes a triglyceride? hydrophobic insoluble in alcohol key correct not correct 0 High concentrations of urea break all bonds, except covalent bonds, in protein molecules. Which level of protein structure would remain unchanged when a protein is treated with urea? primary secondary tertiary quaternary Haemoglobin, a globular protein, consists of four polypeptide chains, two alpha chains and two beta chains. In normal individuals, in the N which codes for each beta chain, the sixth triplet has a code for glutamic acid. In individuals with sickle cell anaemia this base triplet mutates and codes for valine. What does this mutation change in the haemoglobin molecule? the iron content the primary structure the quaternary structure the secondary structure ULES //O/N/5 [Turn over

6 6 The graph shows the concentration of one of the substances which is involved in an enzyme-catalysed reaction. X concentration time Which substance is shown by line X? enzyme enzyme-product complex enzyme-substrate complex substrate What describes the induced fit mode of action of an enzyme? The binding of the active site to the substrate causes the enzyme to change shape. The substrate and active site have complementary shapes that form temporary bonds. The substrate causes a change in enzyme shape so the active site can bind. The substrate changes shape so it can bind to the active site. ULES //O/N/5

7 7 Line X represents the course of an enzyme-catalysed reaction under optimum conditions. Line Y shows the action of the same enzyme on the same substrate but with one variable changed: substrate concentration or ph or temperature. 00 percentage of unreacted 50 substrate molecules Y X 0 time Which changes to the variables could give the results shown by line Y? decreased substrate concentration higher ph lower temperature, and and only and only and only 5 Which descriptions are correct about transport across cell surface membranes? active processes passive processes active transport exocytosis and osmosis active transport and exocytosis endocytosis and diffusion endocytosis and exocytosis diffusion and osmosis exocytosis and active transport osmosis and endocytosis 6 Which statements about the fluid mosaic model of a membrane are correct? Saturated fatty acid tails inhibit the movement of phospholipids in the membrane. Glycoproteins in the outer layer of the membrane can move. hannel proteins are fixed in position., and ULES 05 and only and only 9700//O/N/5 and only [Turn over

8 7 The diagram shows apparatus set up to investigate diffusion. selectively permeable membrane 0% glucose solution Y 0% glucose solution in V What shows net diffusion of glucose and water molecules?

8 8 7 The diagram shows apparatus set up to investigate diffusion. selectively permeable membrane 0% glucose solution Y 0% glucose solution in V What shows net diffusion of glucose and water molecules? glucose and water into V glucose and water into Y glucose into V and water into Y glucose into Y and water into V 8 The photomicrograph shows a cell undergoing mitosis. What is happening in this cell? entrioles are replicating. hromatin is condensing. N is replicating. Spindle microtubules are shortening. ULES //O/N/5

9 9 9 Which row shows the products of mitosis, reduction division (meiosis) and fertilisation? products of mitosis products of meiosis product of fertilisation four diploid cells two diploid cells diploid cell four haploid cells four diploid cells haploid cell two diploid cells four haploid cells diploid cell two diploid cells two haploid cells haploid cell 0 Which statements describe how a gene mutation can lead to the production of a non-functional protein? uring transcription an incorrect nucleotide is added to a N molecule. codon in the mrn transcribed from the mutated gene is changed. The order of the bases in an anticodon on trn is altered during translation., and and only and only only Some antibiotics kill prokaryotes by binding to RN polymerase. What effect will this have on protein synthesis? odons on mrn will be unable to hydrogen bond to complementary anticodons on trn. ondensation reactions joining RN nucleotides will not take place to form mrn. N will not unwind and unzip to allow for base-pairing with RN nucleotides. Free RN nucleotides will not base-pair to exposed bases on the N template strand. Which row correctly describes cytosine? ring structure number of hydrogen bonds it forms with its complementary base type of base double three purine double two pyrimidine single three pyrimidine single two purine ULES //O/N/5 [Turn over

10 0 The photomicrograph shows a transverse section of a leaf. Which cell has the least negative water potential? The diagram shows the results of an experiment on transpiration using two different leaves. Each leaf was left on a balance in daylight in a closed room and their mass recorded at hour intervals. mass of leaf leaf leaf 0 5 time / hours Which conclusions could be correct? The loss in mass is mainly due to evaporation of water. The stomata in both leaves close after hour. Leaf has a larger surface area than leaf., and ULES 05 and only and only 9700//O/N/5 and only

11 5 Which processes are involved in the transport of sucrose in plants? active transport mass flow osmosis, and and only and only and only 6 Which changes to the water potential and the volume of liquid in the phloem occur when carbohydrate is moved from phloem sieve tubes into a sink? water potential in phloem sieve tubes becomes volume of liquid in phloem sieve tubes less negative decreased less negative increased more negative decreased more negative increased 7 Which reactions take place in a capillary in an active tissue? the formation of carbonic acid from carbon dioxide and water the formation of carbaminohaemoglobin from carbon dioxide and haemoglobin the formation of haemoglobinic acid from haemoglobin and hydrogen ions the formation of carbon dioxide and water from hydrogen carbonate ions and hydrogen ions,, and, and only and only and only 8 What is present in the blood in human veins? collagen carbonic anhydrase oxyhaemoglobin, and ULES 05 and only and only 9700//O/N/5 and only [Turn over

12 9 The diagram shows the electrical activity in cardiac muscle during one heart beat. R electrical activity T P O Q S time What is happening at each of the labelled stages in the cardiac cycle? O P QRS T atria contract atrio-ventricular valve opens atria relax ventricles contract impulse leaves VN ventricles contract atria relax atrio-ventricular valve closes impulse leaves SN atria contract ventricles contract ventricles relax ventricles relax atria contract atrio-ventricular valve closes ventricles relax 0 Which statement about the pulmonary artery is correct? it contains a series of valves it contains blood at high pressure it contains blood moving towards the heart it contains oxygenated blood Red blood cells may contain a molecule known as,-bisphophoglycerate (,PG). When,PG binds to haemoglobin a higher partial pressure of oxygen is needed to bring about 50% saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen. Which statement about the effect of,pg is correct?,pg in red blood cells causes the oxygen dissociation curve to shift to the left. inding of,pg to haemoglobin reduces the ohr effect. The binding of,pg to haemoglobin lowers the affinity of the haemoglobin for oxygen. When,PG is absent, oxyhaemoglobin is less likely to unload oxygen. ULES //O/N/5

13 What is a correct location of cartilage and smooth muscle in the human gas exchange system? cartilage smooth muscle bronchioles bronchioles bronchioles trachea trachea alveoli trachea bronchi Which factors maintain the diffusion gradient for carbon dioxide at the surface of the alveoli? blood flow past the alveoli breathing movement exchanging air in the lungs thin epithelial lining of the alveoli and and and only The surface tension of the layer of liquid lining the alveoli tends to pull the walls inwards so alveoli could collapse. Which statements could explain how this is prevented? alveolar fluid is moved around by cilia elastic fibres keep the alveoli open epithelial cells secrete a chemical that reduces the cohesion in water and ULES 05 and and 9700//O/N/5 only [Turn over

14 5 The data shows how the number of human deaths Staphylococcus aureus has changed over a period of five years. caused by Methicillin is an antibiotic used to treat a disease caused by S. aureus. MRS is methicillin-resistant S. aureus. year total number of deaths caused by S. aureus total number of deaths caused by MRS Which statement is not supported by this data? More people have MRS so the disease spreads. MRS is more likely to lead to death than S. aureus. Resistant strains of MRS are becoming more common. S. aureus will always cause humans to die. 6 What describes natural active immunity? protection against a pathogen by an injection of antibodies protection against a pathogen by drinking colostrum containing antibodies stimulation of lymphocytes by antigens contained in a vaccine stimulation of lymphocytes by antigens on the surface of invading pathogens ULES //O/N/5 the bacterium

15 5 7 The bacterium that causes the disease tetanus produces a toxin that acts as an antigen. The graph shows the concentration of an antibody in the blood of two people, G and H. On day 0, G was injected with antibodies to the tetanus toxin and H was injected with the vaccine for tetanus. 5 G H 0 5 antibody concentration / arbitrary units time / days time of injection time of infection with tetanus bacteria What would be the result after G and H were infected with the tetanus bacteria on day 0? concentration of antibodies in H would remain constant G would fail to produce tetanus antibodies G would peak in antibody production days after infection H would produce a new antibody peak days after infection 8 What name is given to all the organisms of the same species living in an area? community ecosystem niche population ULES //O/N/5 [Turn over

16 6 9 The table shows the results of a field study of four species in a food chain in an area of woodland. species number of individuals biomass of one individual / arbitrary units energy value per unit mass / arbitrary units R S T 500 U What is the energy flow in the food chain? from to R T S U S T R U U R S T U S T R 0 The diagram shows a simplified nitrogen cycle. Which arrow represents the activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria? nitrogen in atmosphere plant proteins animal proteins death and decay ammonium compounds nitrites nitrates Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (ULES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the ambridge International Examinations opyright cknowledgements ooklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at after the live examination series. ambridge International Examinations is part of the ambridge ssessment Group. ambridge ssessment is the brand name of University of ambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (ULES), which is itself a department of the University of ambridge. ULES //O/N/5

Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level ambridge International Examinations ambridge International dvanced Subsidiary and dvanced Level 9700/ IOLOGY Paper Multiple hoice October/November 05 hour dditional Materials: *95865900* Multiple hoice