Overview of the procedures currently used at EFSA for the assessment of dietary exposure to chemical substances
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1 Overview of the procedures currently used at EFSA for the assessment of dietary exposure to chemical substances Davide Arcella Dietary and Chemical Monitoring (DCM) Unit
2 Inputs Chemical Occurrence Hazard Food Terminology Exposure Assessment Food consumption November 2011 GUIDEA 2
3 Evolution: chemicals data AD HOC Ad hoc requests Different coding Irregular submissions SYSTEMATIC Set substance list Standardised coding Annual submissions TOTAL DIET STUDY Needs driven approach Coordinated testing Harmonised framework November 2011 GUIDEA 3
4 Evolution: consumption data CONCISE Broad categories, not covering children, not harmonised, no FFQ COMPREHENSIVE Detailed categories, partly covering children, not harmonised, no FFQ EU Menu Detailed categories, covering children, harmonised including FFQ November 2011 GUIDEA 4
5 Evolution: food terminology CONCISE 15 broad categories and 13 subcategories Ad hoc EC requests FOODEX 1 Hierarchical system with four levels Addressing legislation FOODEX 2 Harmonised hierarchical system with facets linked to core food list November 2011 GUIDEA 5
6 Dietary exposure assessment A number of different models exist to combine or integrate the consumption data with the residue/concentration data. The selection of the method usually depends on a number of factors: purpose of the assessment target hazardous substance, population group, degree of accuracy required availability of information November 2011 GUIDEA 6
7 Food additives and nutrient s added to food (ANS Panel) Area Exposure method Food consumption Chemical Additives Nutrient s Budget method (Tier 1) SCOOP (Tier 2) SCOOP (Tier 3) Poundage method Theoretical physiological upper limit to the amount of food and drink Summary statistics from the Concise Database and EXPOCHI project Mean and high percentile intake from literature Maximum permitted levels Maximum permitted levels Actual use levels Maximum supply use November 2011 GUIDEA 7
8 Food contact materials, enzymes, flavourings (CEF Panel) Area Flavours Food contact materials Enzymes Exposure method MSDI Food consumption Chemical None (poundage data) mtamdi Model diet Normal use levels Normal occurrence Model diet based on APET levels (added and as standard portions natural constituent) Model diet Budget method Theoretical diet (1 kg of food in contact with 6 dm 2 ) Theoretical data based on a physiological upper limit to the amount of food and drink Maximum permitted migration levels or targeted project data Maximum use levels November 2011 GUIDEA 8
9 Additives used in animal feeding (FEEDAP Panel) Area Exposure method Food consumption Chemical Additives used in animal feeding Model diet Theoretical diet Summary statistics from national monitoring and surveillance data November 2011 GUIDEA 9
10 Pesticides (PRAS Unit) Area Exposure method Food consumption Chemical Pesticides (chronic) TMDI Maximum residue levels Pesticides (chronic) Pesticides (acute) IEDI IESTI Summary statistics from national dietary surveys (PRIMo) Summary statistics from supervised trials or national monitoring and surveillance data November 2011 GUIDEA 10
11 Contaminants (CONTAM Panel) Area Exposure method Food consumption Chemical Contaminants Individual based model Food consumption data from national dietary surveys at individual level Summary statistics from national monitoring and surveillance data November 2011 GUIDEA 11
12 Recommendations (1) Validate model diets with EFSA s Comprehensive Database If relevant, always consider children populations (toddlers, in particular) Harmonise acute and chronic exposure calculations for high consumers: common statistics (e.g. 95th, 97.5th or 99th percentile) for the estimation of high consumers, in consultation with risk managers; define conditions concerning the use of exposure estimates for high consumers among consumers only November 2011 GUIDEA 12
13 Recommendations (2) Promote use of Standard Sample Description Explore cumulative exposure assessment for all metabolically or structurally related chemical substances Promote Total Diet Studies as complement to monitoring data Trial probabilistic exposure particularly for acute scenarios Test statistical methodologies for the estimation of usual intake from short-term dietary data November 2011 GUIDEA 13
14 Evolution exposure ASSUMPTIONS Model diets Proxy for occurrence Fine for screening DETERMINISTIC Consumption distribution Mean occurrence All or consumers only PROBABILISTIC Consumption and occurrence distribution Uncertainty evaluation Habitual intake November 2011 GUIDEA 14
15 Final message Precision in estimate requires accuracy in inputs Less accuracy requires conservative estimates November 2011 GUIDEA 15
16 Questions? Thank you! Davide Arcella November 2011 GUIDEA 16
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