Crop Disease Management Row Crop Short Course March 1 st, 2018
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1 Crop Disease Management Row Crop Short Course March 1 st, 2018 Nicholas S. Dufault Extension Specialist Row Crops & Vegetables Plant Pathology Department/IFAS University of Florida
2 How important is pest management in your decisions? Chemicals < 15% in cotton and corn Growth inhibitors Nematodes Insect Management Scouting is critical, especially in cotton and corn. UGA Crop Comparison Tool
3 What is the most important disease you manage each year?
4 No matter what, some level of disease is expected each year. But which one? Region Climate
5 Climate can tell us a lot about disease, but it does have limitations.
6 Planting date & climate impacts on yield (Jackson Co, Dothan Loamy Sand, Neutral Years) Early plantings typically see more lost from White mold/stem Rot.
7 Climate information is great, but it doesn't tell you what the weather is or will be. Useful with a pleasant degree of humor The Almanac has a 80% accuracy rate for their predictions based on averages. Averages do not count well for extreme events (e.g. more intense rainfall events)
8 A diverse fungicide program is critical Example
9 Using different modes of action, leads to yield savings and better disease control.
10 What FRACs are available? Group 3 Group 7 Mixed Group 11 Group 1
11 There are/will be production issues with chlorothalonil products in Prices will be higher Supply will be less Prices will be higher for tebuconazole too.
12 Tank mix options to reduce chlorothalonil rate to 1.0 pints or 0.9 lbs. DMI Products (FRAC 3) QoI Products (FRAC 11) Tebuconazole (7.2 fl oz) Headline (labeled) Alto (5.5 fl oz) Abound (18.5 fl oz) Topguard (7 to 14 fl oz) Evito (5.7 fl oz) Quash (2.5 to 4 oz) Domark( 2.5 to 5.25 fl oz) Some mixed products include: Custodia (15.5 fl oz) Absolute (3.5 fl oz) Acropolis (23 fl oz) Watch for tebuconazole in mixes
13 What do we know about the fungicide product limitations? Mostly research from tebuconazole *Proline has been strong: White mold Leafspots Strong Moderate Weak Early Leaf Spot Rust Late Leaf Spot White mold*
14 What do we know about the fungicide product limitations? Rating based on research from azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin Strong Moderate Weak Early Leaf Spot Rust Late Leaf Spot White mold
15 Some alternative products are: Topsin-M (5-10 fl oz) FRAC 1 No more than 2 apps Not consecutive (1 & 3 or 2 & 4) Protectants Elast (12.8 fl oz) mix with teb. early in the season Mancozeb - mix with Topsin M
16 Products that can be applied alone are: 16 fl oz/a 8 fl oz/a fl oz/a 10.7 fl oz/a
17 Mixing other varieties available will be beneficial for disease management. Again in 2018, Georgia-06G will be the predominant variety with over 80% of the seed acreage grown in that variety in
18 Reduced applications impacts 7 th year of continuous peanuts Generic fungicide program Chlorothalonil, Teb. and Azoxy. All have 3 MOA Cultivars: Georgia-06G, TUFRunner 511 and 297, FloRun 331 Planting date: 5/11/16 & 5/16/17
19 Fungicide schedule Echo Echo* Echo Teb. + Echo Days After Planting Teb + Echo** Abound + Echo Teb + Echo Teb + Echo* Echo * 4 and 5 spray programs only ** 5 and 7 spray program only 4 Sprays: 2 Teb. and 1 Azoxy. 5 Sprays: 2 Teb. and 1 Azoxy. 7 Sprays: 3 Teb. and 1 Azoxy.
20 Leafspot pressure is an important part of reduced application decisions
21 5 & 7 apps same yield for all varieties (Defoliation < 50%) Values above line differ from GA06G 7 apps. 2016: LSD = 722
22 5 & 7 apps same yield for all Florida vars. (Defoliation > 80%) Values above diff. from GA06G 7 apps. 2017: LSD = 559
23 Yield increase with increased sprays, but significant benefits were not always seen. 5 apps. was comparable to 7 apps., but influence by variety and disease. GA06G needs at least 7 apps. for high disease > 50% defoliation ELS dominate Could we reduce an early season chlorothalonil spray?
24 0 Sprays 1 to 4 4 Sprays 5 to 8 5 Sprays 9 to 12 7 Sprays 13 to 16 Yes, it may be possible. Date: 15-Jun 27-Jun 3-Jul 18-Jul 1-Aug DAP: Trt # Echo 1.5 pt/a Echo 1.5 pt/a Echo 1.5 pt/a Echo 1.5 pt/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a Notes: 1.) Disease developed after 42 days 2.) Early leaf spot was the predominate pathogen 3.) Plantings were in May It will be a case by case situation. Spray Schedule Echo 1.5 pt/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a Abou 18 fl 72 Abou 18 fl 72 Abou 18 fl 72
25 Live Oak Fungicide Trial Data Small plot trials (30-ft plots) Large plot trials (~ 2 acres) 3 rd year of peanuts History of white mold with peanuts WM present in 3 rd year, but still low Variety: Georgia-06G
26 Small plot trials focused on company Peanut Rx schedules. Planting Date: 5/13 Harvest Date: 10/12 Company Name Key Fungicides per acre Nichino Convoy-32 fl oz Bayer Proline-5.7 fl oz; ProvostOpti-10.7 fl oz Syngenta Elatus-7.3 oz Dupont Fontelis-16 fl oz BASF Priaxor-6 & 8 fl oz Check Echo pt Generic TebuStar-7.2 fl oz; Abound-18.5 fl oz Disease developed late; after July or 75 DAP.
27 All programs performed well, but some differences were present. Priaxor sprayed before disease developed in plots. LSD = 672 Below orange line is sig. diff from Elatus
28 Large Plot: focused on the use of DMI (FRAC 3) products. Harvest Date: 10/12 Program type High input Low input Key Fungicides per acre Proline-5.7 fl oz; ProvostOpti-10.7 fl oz TebuStar-7.2 fl oz; Abound-18.5 fl oz 3 rd Year of Peanuts White mold present Late season defoliation
29 High input had significantly higher yields, but low yields overall. LSD = 314
30 High input worth $200 more per acre than low input. LSD = 81
31 The trend in 2017 was that high input programs performed better.
32 On-Farm Trials Hamilton Co Irrigated Rx programs Nematodes present Dry land High and low input Nematodes present
33 Inches Rainfall Dryland OFT with various input levels Program type High input High + Velum Low input Key Fungicides per acre Proline-5.7 fl oz; ProvostOpti-10.7 fl oz Infurrow-18 fl oz/a TebuStar-7.2 fl oz; Abound-18.5 fl oz Live Oak, FAWN Station
34 Yield was not significantly different. p > 0.50
35 Root-knot was found in one replication of the no Velum plots. p > 0.60
36 Peanut Rx programs with VelumTotal and one without. Planting Date: 5/25 to 5/26 Harvest Date: 10/6 to 10/7 Company Syngenta Syngenta (No Velum) Bayer Nichino Key Fungicides per acre Elatus-7.3 oz Elatus-7.3 oz Proline-5.7 fl oz; ProvostOpti-10.7 fl oz Convoy-32 fl oz Infurrow Application: Velum total 18 fl oz and Abound 18 fl oz. Disease was low (< 30% defoliation) Stress was noticed in the field Nematode counts (350/cc)
37 Treatments varied but not significantly.
38 Value of the peanuts varied by $100/acre.
39 On average Peanut Rx programs work, but there is some variability.
40 There are multiple tools for peanut disease management
41
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