SPRIN Protease Kit. Content Code Description Application. Covalently immobilised preparation of Subtilisin. Epoxy Acrylic Resin

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "SPRIN Protease Kit. Content Code Description Application. Covalently immobilised preparation of Subtilisin. Epoxy Acrylic Resin"

Transcription

1 SPRIN Protease Kit SPRIN Protease Kit Normal (5 g each) Product code: SPKN SPRIN Protease Kit Large (20 g each) Product code: SPKL The kit contains four different covalently immobilised protease preparations, comprising Subtilisin and Thermolysin, on different polymeric carriers. Kit content: Content Code Description Application SPRIN epobond SUBTILISIN SBSME2 Covalently immobilised preparation of Subtilisin from Bacillus species on Epoxy Acrylic Resin Peptide synthesis/hydrolysis and peptide fragment condensation. Broad substrate specificity. SPRIN imibond SUBTILISIN SBSMH2 Covalently immobilised preparation of Subtilisin from Bacillus species on Amino Acrylic Resin Peptide synthesis/hydrolysis and peptide fragment condensation. Broad substrate specificity. SPRIN epobond THERMOLYSIN TGSME2 Covalently immobilised preparation of Thermolysin from Geobacillus species on Epoxy Acrylic Resin Peptide synthesis/hydrolysis of hydrophobic aminoacid containing peptides. Aspartame synthesis. SPRIN imibond THERMOLYSIN TGSMH2 Covalently immobilised preparation of Thermolysin from Geobacillus species on Amino Acrylic Resin Peptide synthesis/hydrolysis of hydrophobic aminoacid containing peptides. Aspartame synthesis. 1

2 Subtilisin is a protease characterized by a broad substrate specificity spectrum. It hydrolyzes peptide bonds preferably involving large uncharged residues, such as Phe, Tyr, Met, or Leu. When applied in water free system, the enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of peptides, displaying the same broad specificity. It also finds application in peptide fragments condensation. Thermolysin is a thermostable neutral metalloproteinase enzyme, requiring a zinc ion for enzyme activity. Thermolysin specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds containing hydrophobic amino acids. It preferentially cleaves -/-Phe or -/-Leu peptide bonds. It is also widely used for peptide bond formation through the reverse reaction of hydrolysis. Thermolysin is the most stable member of a family of metalloproteinases produced by various Geobacillus species. Description of each product: Product code: SBSME2 Specifications Covalently immobilised preparation of Subtilisin from Bacillus species Enzyme: Subtilisin Systematic name: Subtilisin, E.C Properties Activity: 2 U/g wet (casein assay, AM S044) Range ph of activity in buffer: , optimum 9.0 Range temperature: C, optimum 50 C Characteristics Matrix: epoxy acrylic polymer Particle size: μm Water content: 60 70% Product code: SBSMH2 Specifications Covalently immobilised preparation of Subtilisin from Bacillus species Enzyme: Subtilisin Systematic name: Subtilisin, E.C Properties Activity: 4.5 U/g wet (casein assay, AM S044) Range ph of activity in buffer: , optimum 9.0 Range temperature: C, optimum 50 C 2

3 Characteristics Matrix: amino acrylic polymer Particle size: μm Water content: 60 70% Product code: TGSME2 Specifications Covalently immobilised preparation of Thermolysin from Geobacillus species Enzyme: Neutral metalloproteinase Thermolysin Systematic name: Thermolysin, EC Properties Activity: 2 U/g wet (casein assay, AM S044) Range ph of activity in buffer: , optimum 8.0 Thermal stability below 70 C, optimum C Characteristics Matrix: epoxy acrylic polymer Particle size: μm Water content: 60 70% Product code: TGSMH2 Specifications Covalently immobilised preparation of Thermolysin from Geobacillus species Enzyme: Neutral metalloproteinase Thermolysin Systematic name: Thermolysin, EC Properties Activity: 2 U/g wet (casein assay, AM S044) Range ph of activity in buffer: , optimum 8.0 Thermal stability below 70 C, optimum C Characteristics Matrix: amino acrylic polymer Particle size: μm Water content: 60 70% Storage The enzymatic preparations should be stored between 2 8 C. Recommendations: for a proper use of SPRIN Protease Kit, magnetic stirring should be avoided. We suggest, when working in batch, the following stirring methods: blood-rotator, orbital shaker, mechanical stirrer (recommended 120 rpm). 3

4 Activity assay reaction: The assay is based on the hydrolysis of Casein. Enzyme activity is expressed as U/g, corresponding to the quantity of enzyme that released 1 µmol of L-Tyrosine-equivalent trichloracetic acid soluble peptides per minute at ph 6.5 and 40 C using an initial concentration of casein of 2% w/v. The amount of L-Tyrosine-peptides is detected spectrophotometricaly at 280 nm. SPRIN immobilised SUBTILISIN Examples of application: Protection/deprotection of aminoacids and peptides, by catalysis of ester bond formation. Protection NH R OH Imm. subtilisin Protection NH R O(CH 2 ) n OH O HO(CH 2 ) n OH O H 2 N(AA) n OH Enzymatic ligation Protection NH R O NH(AA) n OH Protection = Boc or peptide chain Synthesis of peptides in low-water systems. Peptide fragments condensation, bioconjugation, and segmented peptide synthesis. Synthesis of glycopeptides. 4

5 Production of hydrolysed protein normally present on the market, for example Casein hydrolysed, Whey protein hydrolysed, Egg white protein hydrolysed. Properties of hydrolysed proteins: - Increase of the solubility (up to 50%). The solubility depends of the Degree of Hydrolysis (DH), and will be higher at higher DH. peptide bond cleaved DH (%) total numberof peptide bonds - Decrease of the viscosity of the protein solution. - Change of the emulsifying properties. - Improvement of the foaming properties. - Decrease of the allergenicity (important in baby food formulations). - Lowering bitterness development during protein hydrolysis. Using SPRIN immobilised SUBTILISIN, enzyme inactivating heat treatment at the end of the process is not required since no protein leaching is observed. 5

6 Residual activity (%) SPRIN S.p.A Stability in Ethanol Solutions: SPRIN immobilised SUBTILISIN are stable at different concentrations of ethanol solutions. This graph indicates the time-stability of the SPRIN imibond SUBTILISIN in Ethanol Absolute, in Ethanol Solution 70% (in 20 mm ph 8.0 potassium phosphate buffer), and in Ethanol Solution 60% (in 20mM ph 8.0 potassium phosphate buffer). Alcohols have been adopted as a disinfectant throughout history, and one of the most common ones used today is ethanol. It is frequently utilised in mixtures, and these mixtures are applied to destroy microorganisms like gram-positive and negative bacteria and viruses, but they are ineffective against protozoa and spore Time (days) Ethanol absolute 70% Ethanol 60% Ethanol 6

7 SPRIN immobilised TERMOLYSIN Examples of application: Synthesis of peptides in anhydrous organic solvents, in water-solvent mixture, solidto-solid systems and aqueous systems with removal of the formed peptide by precipitation. Enzymatic synthesis of aspartame precursor by condensation of Z-Asp and L-phenylalanine methyl ester (PheOMe). Peptide structural analysis, exploiting preferential fragmentation of Leu, Ile, Phe, Val containing peptides. Production of hydrolysed protein normally presented on the market, for example Casein hydrolysed, Whey protein hydrolysed and Egg white protein hydrolysed. Properties of hydrolysed proteins: - Increase of solubility (up to 50%). The solubility depends on the Degree of Hydrolysis (DH), and will be higher at a higher DH. peptide bond cleaved DH (%) total numberof peptide bonds - Decrease of viscosity of the protein solution. - Change of emulsifying properties. - Improvement of foaming properties. - Decrease of allergenicity (important in baby food formulations). - Lowering of the development of bitterness during protein hydrolysis. Operative Stability after Vat Pasteurization treatment (Water at 65 C for 30 minutes) Vat Pasteurization consists of a thermal treatment (60-65 C for 30 minutes) that allows the lowering of bacterial load. This treatment is used to extend the shelf life of foodstuff, while maintaining all the nutritive properties of fresh food, and for this reason is used as a conservative treatment for milk, beer, wine, pudding and fruit juices. Thanks to the thermal stability of SPRIN immobilised THERMOLYSIN preparations, they can undergo many Vat Pasteurization cycles without loss of activity, allowing its re-use i.e. in whey protein hydrolysis process. After 5 cycles of Vat Pasteurization Treatment SPRIN imibond THERMOLYSIN retains 100% initial activity (see below graph). 7

8 Note for use: SPRIN immobilised SUBTILISIN SPRIN immobilised THERMOLYSIN The enzymatic preparations are stored in glycerol/buffer mixture (80% glycerol in 20mM ph 8.0 potassium phosphate) and should be stored at 4 C. They must be washed before use. Three washing cycles ensure complete removal of glycerol. Washing conditions: 4ml of 20mM ph 8 potassium phosphate buffer solution per gram of enzymatic preparation. It is possible to use the Filter (see diagram) for filtration of the glycerol-buffer mixture and washing of the enzymatic preparations. 8

9 After use of the enzymatic preparations a- Wash the enzymatic preparations to remove substrates or products of the enzymatic system (e.i. with potassium phosphate buffer) b- Store the enzymatic preparations in glycerol-buffer mixture (80% glycerol in 20mM ph 8.0 potassium phosphate). Literature: Subtilisin: C. Liu et al., Org. Lett. 2001, 3, J. U. Klein et al., J. Pept. Sci. 2000, 6, 541. T.J. Tolbert et al., Methods in Molecular Biology, 283, 2004: Bioconjugation protocols, strategies and methods, Editor: C.M. Niemeyer, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. A.V. F.M. Bachevaa et al., Bioorg. & Med. Chem. Lett. 2001, 11, J.C. Hubbs et al., Process for synthesizing peptides - fragment condensation, U.S. Patent , issued on June 21, Thermolysin: A.J. Trusek-Holownia, Biotechnol. 2003, 102, 153. R.V. Ulijn et al., Biotechnol Bioeng. 2000, 69, 633. T. Nagayasu et al., Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1994, 43, A. Basso et al., Chem. Commun. 2000, 467. L. De Martin et al., Tetrahedron Letters 2001, 42, R.L. Heinrikson, Applications of thermolysin in protein structural analysis. Methods in Enzymology, 1977, 47, 175, Elsevier. 9

MAXIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES BY USING IMMOBILIZED PAPAIN

MAXIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES BY USING IMMOBILIZED PAPAIN Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 7(4), 2009, 2624-2632 MAXIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES BY USING IMMOBILIZED PAPAIN T. SATHISH a and N. Y. S. MURTHY * Department of Biotechnology, Malla Reddy Engineering

More information

Enzymes in organic solvents

Enzymes in organic solvents Enzymes in organic solvents Manickam Sugumaran Professor of Biology University of Massachusetts at Boston Boston, MA 02125 Enzymes in organic solvents Enzymes work very well in water because A) They were

More information

Wheat Amino acids & Peptides for Hair Care. INCI Name EU/USA CAS # EINECS # Hydrolyzed wheat protein

Wheat Amino acids & Peptides for Hair Care. INCI Name EU/USA CAS # EINECS # Hydrolyzed wheat protein KELYAMIN Wheat Amino acids & Peptides for Hair Care Identification INCI Name EU/USA CAS # EINECS # Hydrolyzed wheat protein 70084-87-6 305-225-0 Composition % Liquid Powder Aqua Hydrolyzed wheat protein

More information

CHAPTER 21: Amino Acids, Proteins, & Enzymes. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith

CHAPTER 21: Amino Acids, Proteins, & Enzymes. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith CHAPTER 21: Amino Acids, Proteins, & Enzymes General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith CHAPTER 21: Amino Acids, Proteins, Enzymes Learning Objectives: q The 20 common, naturally occurring

More information

Biomolecules: amino acids

Biomolecules: amino acids Biomolecules: amino acids Amino acids Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins They are also part of hormones, neurotransmitters and metabolic intermediates There are 20 different amino acids in

More information

PAPER No. : 16, Bioorganic and biophysical chemistry MODULE No. : 22, Mechanism of enzyme catalyst reaction (I) Chymotrypsin

PAPER No. : 16, Bioorganic and biophysical chemistry MODULE No. : 22, Mechanism of enzyme catalyst reaction (I) Chymotrypsin Subject Paper No and Title 16 Bio-organic and Biophysical Module No and Title 22 Mechanism of Enzyme Catalyzed reactions I Module Tag CHE_P16_M22 Chymotrypsin TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Learning outcomes 2.

More information

Novozymes Protease Products. Strem Chemicals, Inc. Storage

Novozymes Protease Products. Strem Chemicals, Inc. Storage Strem Chemicals, Inc. www.strem.com Catalog # 06-3160 Neutrase 0.8 L Note: Sold in collaboration with Novozymes A/S for research purposes only. Neutrase 0.8 L is a neutral, zinc metallo endo-protease from

More information

2.1.1 Biological Molecules

2.1.1 Biological Molecules 2.1.1 Biological Molecules Relevant Past Paper Questions Paper Question Specification point(s) tested 2013 January 4 parts c and d p r 2013 January 6 except part c j k m n o 2012 June 1 part ci d e f g

More information

Chymotrypsin Lecture. Aims: to understand (1) the catalytic strategies used by enzymes and (2) the mechanism of chymotrypsin

Chymotrypsin Lecture. Aims: to understand (1) the catalytic strategies used by enzymes and (2) the mechanism of chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin Lecture Aims: to understand (1) the catalytic strategies used by enzymes and (2) the mechanism of chymotrypsin What s so great about enzymes? They accomplish large rate accelerations (10 10-10

More information

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Part 4: Proteins Chapter 5

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Part 4: Proteins Chapter 5 Key Concepts: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Part 4: Proteins Chapter 5 Proteins include a diversity of structures, resulting in a wide range of functions Proteins Enzymatic s

More information

Chemical Nature of the Amino Acids. Table of a-amino Acids Found in Proteins

Chemical Nature of the Amino Acids. Table of a-amino Acids Found in Proteins Chemical Nature of the Amino Acids All peptides and polypeptides are polymers of alpha-amino acids. There are 20 a- amino acids that are relevant to the make-up of mammalian proteins (see below). Several

More information

Proteases for biocatalysis. for smarter chemical synthesis

Proteases for biocatalysis. for smarter chemical synthesis Proteases for biocatalysis for smarter chemical synthesis Biocatalysis Biocatalysis involves the implementation of natural catalysts, such as enzymes, in place of chemical catalysts in synthetic processes.

More information

The Structure and Func.on of Macromolecules Proteins GRU1L6

The Structure and Func.on of Macromolecules Proteins GRU1L6 The Structure and Func.on of Macromolecules Proteins GRU1L6 Proteins Proteins Most structurally & functionally diverse group Function: involved in almost everything enzymes (pepsin, DNA polymerase) structure

More information

ENZYMES QUESTIONSHEET 1

ENZYMES QUESTIONSHEET 1 QUESTIONSHEET 1 The apparatus illustrated below can be used to investigate the activity of the enzyme catalase, which is found in liver. The liver tissue has been ground up and mixed with a buffer solution.

More information

CELLULASE from PENICILLIUM FUNICULOSUM

CELLULASE from PENICILLIUM FUNICULOSUM CELLULASE from PENICILLIUM FUNICULOSUM Prepared at the 55th JECFA (2000) and published in FNP 52 Add 8 (2000), superseding tentative specifications prepared at the 31st JECFA (1987) and published in FNP

More information

Electronic Supplementary Information. Table of Contents

Electronic Supplementary Information. Table of Contents Electronic Supplementary Information Examination of native chemical ligation using peptidyl prolyl thioester Takahiro Nakamura, Akira Shigenaga, Kohei Sato, Yusuke Tsuda, Ken Sakamoto, and Akira Otaka*

More information

Midterm 1 Last, First

Midterm 1 Last, First Midterm 1 BIS 105 Prof. T. Murphy April 23, 2014 There should be 6 pages in this exam. Exam instructions (1) Please write your name on the top of every page of the exam (2) Show all work for full credit

More information

Practice Questions for Biochemistry Test A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

Practice Questions for Biochemistry Test A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Practice Questions for Biochemistry Test 1. The quaternary structure of a protein is determined by: A. interactions between distant amino acids of the same polypeptide. B.interactions between close amino

More information

BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES REVIEW-UNIT 1 1. The factor being tested in an experiment is the A. data. B. variable. C. conclusion. D. observation. 2.

BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES REVIEW-UNIT 1 1. The factor being tested in an experiment is the A. data. B. variable. C. conclusion. D. observation. 2. BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES REVIEW-UNIT 1 1. The factor being tested in an experiment is the A. data. B. variable. C. conclusion. D. observation. 2. A possible explanation for an event that occurs in nature is

More information

Enzymes for Flavour Development in Dairy Substrates. Presented by: Blanca Camarasa Senior Business Manager

Enzymes for Flavour Development in Dairy Substrates. Presented by: Blanca Camarasa Senior Business Manager Enzymes for Flavour Development in Dairy Substrates Presented by: Blanca Camarasa Senior Business Manager Cheese composition Cheese consists of proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, goat,

More information

Enzyme Catalytic Mechanisms. Dr. Kevin Ahern

Enzyme Catalytic Mechanisms. Dr. Kevin Ahern Enzyme Catalytic Mechanisms Dr. Kevin Ahern Cleave Peptide Bonds Specificity of Cutting Common Active Site Composition/Structure Mechanistically Well Studied Chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin Catalysis H2O Chymotrypsin

More information

Gentilucci, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. Peptides and proteins are polymers of amino acids linked together by amide bonds CH 3

Gentilucci, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. Peptides and proteins are polymers of amino acids linked together by amide bonds CH 3 Amino Acids Peptides and proteins are polymers of amino acids linked together by amide bonds Aliphatic Side-Chain Amino Acids - - H CH glycine alanine 3 proline valine CH CH 3 - leucine - isoleucine CH

More information

SYNOPSIS STUDIES ON THE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES FROM GROUNDNUT AND SOYBEAN ISOLATES

SYNOPSIS STUDIES ON THE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES FROM GROUNDNUT AND SOYBEAN ISOLATES 1 SYNOPSIS STUDIES ON THE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES FROM GROUNDNUT AND SOYBEAN ISOLATES Proteins are important in food processing and food product development, as they are

More information

Pelagia Research Library

Pelagia Research Library Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com European Journal of Experimental Biology, 211, 1 (3):124-129 ISSN: 2248 9215 Production of Alkaline Protease by Bacillus subtilis (MTCC7312) using Submerged

More information

CONSIDERATIONS IN PROTEIN INGREDIENT USE: THE IMPACT OF PROCESSING AND MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS

CONSIDERATIONS IN PROTEIN INGREDIENT USE: THE IMPACT OF PROCESSING AND MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS CONSIDERATIONS IN PROTEIN INGREDIENT USE: THE IMPACT OF PROCESSING AND MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS Baraem (Pam) Ismail Associate Professor Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Minnesota May

More information

9/16/15. Properties of Water. Benefits of Water. More properties of water

9/16/15. Properties of Water. Benefits of Water. More properties of water Properties of Water Solid/Liquid Density Water is densest at 4⁰C Ice floats Allows life under the ice Hydrogen bond Ice Hydrogen bonds are stable Liquid water Hydrogen bonds break and re-form Benefits

More information

CS612 - Algorithms in Bioinformatics

CS612 - Algorithms in Bioinformatics Spring 2016 Protein Structure February 7, 2016 Introduction to Protein Structure A protein is a linear chain of organic molecular building blocks called amino acids. Introduction to Protein Structure Amine

More information

L-Carnosine-Derived Fmoc-Tripeptides Forming ph- Sensitive and Proteolytically Stable Supramolecular

L-Carnosine-Derived Fmoc-Tripeptides Forming ph- Sensitive and Proteolytically Stable Supramolecular Supporting Information: L-Carnosine-Derived Fmoc-Tripeptides Forming ph- Sensitive and Proteolytically Stable Supramolecular Hydrogels Rita Das Mahapatra, a Joykrishna Dey* a, and Richard G. Weiss b a

More information

Supporting information

Supporting information S1 Supporting information Biodegradable Injectable Polymer Systems Exhibiting Temperature-Responsive Irreversible Sol-to-Gel Transition by Covalent Bond Formation Yasuyuki YOSHIDA 1,2, Keisuke KAWAHARA

More information

Macromolecules of Life -3 Amino Acids & Proteins

Macromolecules of Life -3 Amino Acids & Proteins Macromolecules of Life -3 Amino Acids & Proteins Shu-Ping Lin, Ph.D. Institute of Biomedical Engineering E-mail: splin@dragon.nchu.edu.tw Website: http://web.nchu.edu.tw/pweb/users/splin/ Amino Acids Proteins

More information

The Structure and Function of Macromolecules

The Structure and Function of Macromolecules The Structure and Function of Macromolecules Macromolecules are polymers Polymer long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks. Monomer the small building block molecules. Carbohydrates, proteins

More information

The source of protein structures is the Protein Data Bank. The unit of classification of structure in SCOP is the protein domain.

The source of protein structures is the Protein Data Bank. The unit of classification of structure in SCOP is the protein domain. UNIT 14 PROTEINS DEFINITION A large molecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids in a specific order; the order is determined by the base sequence of nucleotides in the gene that codes for the

More information

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY [Ravish, 2(2): Feb., 2013] ISSN: 2277-9655 IJESRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY Isolation And Characterization Of Proteolytic Bacteria And Its Protease Himani Ravish

More information

130327SCH4U_biochem April 09, 2013

130327SCH4U_biochem April 09, 2013 Option B: B1.1 ENERGY Human Biochemistry If more energy is taken in from food than is used up, weight gain will follow. Similarly if more energy is used than we supply our body with, weight loss will occur.

More information

2. Which of the following amino acids is most likely to be found on the outer surface of a properly folded protein?

2. Which of the following amino acids is most likely to be found on the outer surface of a properly folded protein? Name: WHITE Student Number: Answer the following questions on the computer scoring sheet. 1 mark each 1. Which of the following amino acids would have the highest relative mobility R f in normal thin layer

More information

Pepsin Microplate Assay Kit User Manual

Pepsin Microplate Assay Kit User Manual Pepsin Microplate Assay Kit User Manual Catalog # CAK1081 Detection and Quantification of Pepsin Activity in Urine, Serum, Plasma, Tissue extracts, Cell lysate, Cell culture media and Other biological

More information

Biomolecules. Unit 3

Biomolecules. Unit 3 Biomolecules Unit 3 Atoms Elements Compounds Periodic Table What are biomolecules? Monomers vs Polymers Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Minerals Vitamins Enzymes Triglycerides Chemical Reactions

More information

UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH CHEM 4540 ENZYMOLOGY Winter 2005 Quiz #2: March 24, 2005, 11:30 12:50 Instructor: Prof R. Merrill ANSWERS

UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH CHEM 4540 ENZYMOLOGY Winter 2005 Quiz #2: March 24, 2005, 11:30 12:50 Instructor: Prof R. Merrill ANSWERS UNIVERSITY F GUELPH CHEM 4540 ENZYMLGY Winter 2005 Quiz #2: March 24, 2005, 11:30 12:50 Instructor: Prof R. Merrill ANSWERS Instructions: Time allowed = 80 minutes. Total marks = 30. This quiz represents

More information

Objective: You will be able to explain how the subcomponents of

Objective: You will be able to explain how the subcomponents of Objective: You will be able to explain how the subcomponents of nucleic acids determine the properties of that polymer. Do Now: Read the first two paragraphs from enduring understanding 4.A Essential knowledge:

More information

Previous Class. Today. Term test I discussions. Detection of enzymatic intermediates: chymotrypsin mechanism

Previous Class. Today. Term test I discussions. Detection of enzymatic intermediates: chymotrypsin mechanism Term test I discussions Previous Class Today Detection of enzymatic intermediates: chymotrypsin mechanism Mechanistic Understanding of Enzymemediated Reactions Ultimate goals: Identification of the intermediates,

More information

Oil Bodies as a promising source of natural oil in water emulsion. Simone De Chirico, Vincenzo di Bari, David Gray

Oil Bodies as a promising source of natural oil in water emulsion. Simone De Chirico, Vincenzo di Bari, David Gray Oil Bodies as a promising source of natural oil in water emulsion. Simone De Chirico, Vincenzo di Bari, David Gray 1 Where is the oil isolated from? Palm fruit oil is a semi-solid fat derived from the

More information

Preparation, characterisation and applications of immobilised lipase. Introduction. Abstract of the Ph.D. Thesis. Krisztina Bagi

Preparation, characterisation and applications of immobilised lipase. Introduction. Abstract of the Ph.D. Thesis. Krisztina Bagi Preparation, characterisation and applications of immobilised lipase Abstract of the Ph.D. Thesis Krisztina Bagi Supervisor: Dr. L. Mária Simon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University

More information

BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW. Overview of Biomolecules. Chapter 4 Protein Sequence

BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW. Overview of Biomolecules. Chapter 4 Protein Sequence BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW Overview of Biomolecules Chapter 4 Protein Sequence 2 3 4 Are You Getting It?? A molecule of hemoglobin is compared with a molecule of lysozyme. Which characteristics do they share?

More information

Organic Molecules: Proteins

Organic Molecules: Proteins Organic Molecules: Proteins Proteins Most structurally & functionally diverse group Function: involved in almost everything enzymes (pepsin, DNA polymerase) structure (keratin, collagen) carriers & transport

More information

Ionization of amino acids

Ionization of amino acids Amino Acids 20 common amino acids there are others found naturally but much less frequently Common structure for amino acid COOH, -NH 2, H and R functional groups all attached to the a carbon Ionization

More information

Enzymes. Enzyme. Aim: understanding the basic concepts of enzyme catalysis and enzyme kinetics

Enzymes. Enzyme. Aim: understanding the basic concepts of enzyme catalysis and enzyme kinetics Enzymes Substrate Enzyme Product Aim: understanding the basic concepts of enzyme catalysis and enzyme kinetics Enzymes are efficient Enzyme Reaction Uncatalysed (k uncat s -1 ) Catalysed (k cat s -1 )

More information

EH1008 Biomolecules. Inorganic & Organic Chemistry. Water. Lecture 2: Inorganic and organic chemistry.

EH1008 Biomolecules. Inorganic & Organic Chemistry. Water. Lecture 2: Inorganic and organic chemistry. EH1008 Biomolecules Lecture 2: Inorganic and organic chemistry limian.zheng@ucc.ie 1 Inorganic & Organic Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry: generally, substances that do not contain carbon Inorganic molecules:

More information

1-To know what is protein 2-To identify Types of protein 3- To Know amino acids 4- To be differentiate between essential and nonessential amino acids

1-To know what is protein 2-To identify Types of protein 3- To Know amino acids 4- To be differentiate between essential and nonessential amino acids Amino acids 1-To know what is protein 2-To identify Types of protein 3- To Know amino acids 4- To be differentiate between essential and nonessential amino acids 5-To understand amino acids synthesis Amino

More information

Essential Biology 3.2 Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins. 1. Define organic molecule.

Essential Biology 3.2 Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins. 1. Define organic molecule. 1. Define organic molecule. An organic molecule is a molecule that contains carbon and is found in living things. There are many organic molecules in living things. The same (or very similar) molecules

More information

The Basics: A general review of molecular biology:

The Basics: A general review of molecular biology: The Basics: A general review of molecular biology: DNA Transcription RNA Translation Proteins DNA (deoxy-ribonucleic acid) is the genetic material It is an informational super polymer -think of it as the

More information

EUDRAGIT L 100 and EUDRAGIT S 100

EUDRAGIT L 100 and EUDRAGIT S 100 Technical Information EUDRAGIT L 100 and EUDRAGIT S 100 Specification and Test Methods Ph. Eur. Methacrylic Acid - Methyl Methacrylate Copolymer (1:1) Methacrylic Acid - Methyl Methacrylate Copolymer (1:2)

More information

2.1. thebiotutor. Unit F212: Molecules, Biodiversity, Food and Health. 1.1 Biological molecules. Answers

2.1. thebiotutor. Unit F212: Molecules, Biodiversity, Food and Health. 1.1 Biological molecules. Answers thebiotutor Unit F212: Molecules, Biodiversity, Food and Health 1.1 Biological molecules Answers 1 1. δ + H hydrogen bond δ + H O δ - O δ - H H δ + δ+ 1 hydrogen bond represented as, horizontal / vertical,

More information

Chem 135: First Midterm

Chem 135: First Midterm Chem 135: First Midterm September 28 th, 2007 Please provide all answers in the space provided. Extra paper is available if needed. You may not use calculators for this exam, but you are free to use (previously

More information

Page 8/6: The cell. Where to start: Proteins (control a cell) (start/end products)

Page 8/6: The cell. Where to start: Proteins (control a cell) (start/end products) Page 8/6: The cell Where to start: Proteins (control a cell) (start/end products) Page 11/10: Structural hierarchy Proteins Phenotype of organism 3 Dimensional structure Function by interaction THE PROTEIN

More information

(5) 1. List five unusual properties of water resulting from its hydrogen bonded structure

(5) 1. List five unusual properties of water resulting from its hydrogen bonded structure BCH 4053 June 1, 2001 Points HOUR TEST 1 NAME (5) 1. List five unusual properties of water resulting from its hydrogen bonded structure. Page Points 1 2 3 4 5 Total (5) 2. Draw a diagram to show how water

More information

1. Which of the following statements about passive and primary active transport proteins is FALSE?

1. Which of the following statements about passive and primary active transport proteins is FALSE? Biological Membranes 1. Which of the following statements about passive and primary active transport proteins is FALSE? A. They are both integral membrane proteins. B. They both show a high degree of selectivity.

More information

Lipids: diverse group of hydrophobic molecules

Lipids: diverse group of hydrophobic molecules Lipids: diverse group of hydrophobic molecules Lipids only macromolecules that do not form polymers li3le or no affinity for water hydrophobic consist mostly of hydrocarbons nonpolar covalent bonds fats

More information

Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. STOP at enduring understanding 4A

Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. STOP at enduring understanding 4A Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. STOP at enduring understanding 4A Homework Watch the Bozeman video called, Biological Molecules Objective:

More information

Amino acids. Ing. Petrová Jaroslava. Workshop on Official Controls of Feed AGR 46230, , Ankara. Turkey ÚKZÚZ - NRL RO Praha 1

Amino acids. Ing. Petrová Jaroslava. Workshop on Official Controls of Feed AGR 46230, , Ankara. Turkey ÚKZÚZ - NRL RO Praha 1 Amino acids Ing. Petrová Jaroslava Workshop on Official Controls of Feed AGR 46230, 6. 7. 12. 2011, Ankara. Turkey 6.12.2011 ÚKZÚZ - NRL RO Praha 1 Content of this presentation 1. Function of amino acids

More information

Enzyme Catalysis-Serine Proteases

Enzyme Catalysis-Serine Proteases Enzyme Catalysis-Serine Proteases Concepts to be learned Activation Energy Transition State Example: Proteases Requirements for proteolysis Families of proteases Protein Folds used by proteases for catalysis

More information

Chapter 3. Table of Contents. Section 1 Carbon Compounds. Section 2 Molecules of Life. Biochemistry

Chapter 3. Table of Contents. Section 1 Carbon Compounds. Section 2 Molecules of Life. Biochemistry Biochemistry Table of Contents Section 1 Carbon Compounds Section 2 Molecules of Life Section 1 Carbon Compounds Objectives Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds. Explain the importance of

More information

Macromolecules. The four groups of biomolecules or macromolecules found in living things which are essential to life are: 1. PROTEINS 1.

Macromolecules. The four groups of biomolecules or macromolecules found in living things which are essential to life are: 1. PROTEINS 1. Macromolecules The four groups of biomolecules or macromolecules found in living things which are essential to life are: 1. PROTEINS 1. CARBOHYDRATES 1. LIPIDS 1. NUCLEIC ACIDS Carbon Compounds All compounds

More information

Chemical Mechanism of Enzymes

Chemical Mechanism of Enzymes Chemical Mechanism of Enzymes Enzyme Engineering 5.2 Definition of the mechanism 1. The sequence from substrate(s) to product(s) : Reaction steps 2. The rates at which the complex are interconverted 3.

More information

Proteins. Student Activity Guide

Proteins. Student Activity Guide Student Activity Guide Proteins Body builders and football players eat a lot of protein (eggs, cheese, and meat) to build muscle mass. You have probably seen protein-enriched drinks and protein-enriched

More information

CHAPTER 9: CATALYTIC STRATEGIES. Chess vs Enzymes King vs Substrate

CHAPTER 9: CATALYTIC STRATEGIES. Chess vs Enzymes King vs Substrate CHAPTER 9: CATALYTIC STRATEGIES Chess vs Enzymes King vs Substrate INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 9 What are the sources of the catalytic power and specificity of enzymes? Problems in reactions in cells Neutral

More information

3150:112 SAMPLE TEST 2. Print out a copy Answer the questions on your own. Check the answers at GOBC Ans.pdf. Good Luck!

3150:112 SAMPLE TEST 2. Print out a copy Answer the questions on your own. Check the answers at GOBC Ans.pdf. Good Luck! SAMPLE TEST 2 3150:112 Print out a copy Answer the questions on your own. Check the answers at GOBC Ans.pdf. Good Luck! QUESTIONS 1-3 REFER TO TE FOLLOWING: A. C 2 O O B. C 2 O O O C 2 O C. O C 2 O 1.

More information

3. AMINO ACID AND PEPTIDES

3. AMINO ACID AND PEPTIDES 3. AMINO ACID AND PEPTIDES 3.1 Amino Acids and Peptides General structure - Only 20 amino-acids are found in proteins - Amino group and carboxyl group - α-carbon and side chain group 3.1 Amino Acids and

More information

CALCIUM CASEINATE. What Is Casein?

CALCIUM CASEINATE. What Is Casein? CALCIUM CASEINATE A high quality milk protein that is Calcium Rich, manufactured from fresh pasteurized skimmed milk through precipitation of casein followed by neutralization and natural drying, which

More information

EXTRACTION OF THERMO-STABLE ALPHA AMYLASE FROM FERMENTED WHEAT BRAN

EXTRACTION OF THERMO-STABLE ALPHA AMYLASE FROM FERMENTED WHEAT BRAN BIOLOGIA 2001, 47 (1&2), PP 47 52 ISSN 0006 3096 EXTRACTION OF THERMO-STABLE ALPHA AMYLASE FROM FERMENTED WHEAT BRAN *HAMAD ASHRAF, IKRAM UL HAQ, AND JAVED IQBAL Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department

More information

Name: Date: Block: Biology 12

Name: Date: Block: Biology 12 Name: Date: Block: Biology 12 Provincial Exam Review: Cell Processes and Applications January 2003 Use the following diagram to answer questions 1 and 2. 1. Which labelled organelle produces most of the

More information

Section 2.1: Enzymes and Digestion

Section 2.1: Enzymes and Digestion Section 2.1: Enzymes and Digestion Glands produce enzymes that are used to break down large molecules into smaller ones that are ready for abortion. The digestive system provides an interface between the

More information

Improvement of lactulose synthesis through optimization of reaction conditions with immobilized β-galactosidase

Improvement of lactulose synthesis through optimization of reaction conditions with immobilized β-galactosidase Korean J. Chem. Eng., 30(1), 160-165 (2013) DOI: 10.1007/s11814-012-0105-1 INVITED REVIEW PAPER Improvement of lactulose synthesis through optimization of reaction conditions with immobilized β-galactosidase

More information

AMINO ACIDS STRUCTURE, CLASSIFICATION, PROPERTIES. PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS

AMINO ACIDS STRUCTURE, CLASSIFICATION, PROPERTIES. PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS AMINO ACIDS STRUCTURE, CLASSIFICATION, PROPERTIES. PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS Elena Rivneac PhD, Associate Professor Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry State University of Medicine

More information

OCR (A) Biology A-level

OCR (A) Biology A-level OCR (A) Biology A-level Topic 2.2: Biological molecules Notes Water Water is a very important molecule which is a major component of cells, for instance: Water is a polar molecule due to uneven distribution

More information

Notes 11/2. Heather Graehl

Notes 11/2. Heather Graehl Lecture Page 1 Notes 11/2 Friday, November 02, 2007 9:56 AM Heather Graehl Notes 1112 Audio recording started: 10:02 AM Friday, November 02, 2007 Slide 1: Enzymes: Serine Proteases (Nov 7th Midterm will

More information

Section 1 Lecture 1- Origins of Life Life probably started by Hydrothermal Vents.

Section 1 Lecture 1- Origins of Life Life probably started by Hydrothermal Vents. Section 1 Lecture 1- Origins of Life Life probably started by Hydrothermal Vents. Photosynthesis originated around 3GA, as cells figured out how to fix CO2 and release O2. Eukaryotes originates 1.5-2.5

More information

CHAPTER 6 FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES

CHAPTER 6 FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES 68 CHAPTER 6 FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES 6.1 INTRODUCTION Functional properties can be defined as the overall physicochemical properties of proteins in food systems during processing,

More information

Review of Energetics Intro

Review of Energetics Intro Review of Energetics Intro Learning Check The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy can be Created Destroyed Converted All of the above Learning Check The second law of thermodynamics essentially

More information

CHEMISTRY OF LIFE 05 FEBRUARY 2014

CHEMISTRY OF LIFE 05 FEBRUARY 2014 CHEMISTRY OF LIFE 05 FEBRUARY 2014 In this lesson we will: Lesson Description Discuss inorganic compounds and their importance Discuss organic compounds and their biological importance. Summary Inorganic

More information

Immobilized lipases for biocatalysis. for smarter chemical synthesis

Immobilized lipases for biocatalysis. for smarter chemical synthesis Immobilized lipases for biocatalysis for smarter chemical synthesis Biocatalysis Biocatalysis involves the implementation of natural catalysts, such as enzymes, in place of chemical catalysts in synthetic

More information

Review of Biochemistry

Review of Biochemistry Review of Biochemistry Chemical bond Functional Groups Amino Acid Protein Structure and Function Proteins are polymers of amino acids. Each amino acids in a protein contains a amino group, - NH 2,

More information

Reactions and amino acids structure & properties

Reactions and amino acids structure & properties Lecture 2: Reactions and amino acids structure & properties Dr. Sameh Sarray Hlaoui Common Functional Groups Common Biochemical Reactions AH + B A + BH Oxidation-Reduction A-H + B-OH + energy ª A-B + H

More information

Life s molecular diversity is based on the. properties of carbon. Chain Ring Branching chain

Life s molecular diversity is based on the. properties of carbon. Chain Ring Branching chain Carbon Compounds Life s molecular diversity is based on the properties of carbon Chain Ring Branching chain The Chemistry of Carbon : carbon based Carbon can make 4 covalent bonds The foundation of organic

More information

ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF SUNFLOWER OIL IN SC CO 2

ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF SUNFLOWER OIL IN SC CO 2 ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF SUNFLOWER OIL IN SC CO 2 Maja Habulin, Mateja Primozic and Zeljko Knez * Faculty o Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia zeljko.knez@uni-mb.si;

More information

COMPARISON OF CATALYTIC ACTIVITIES BETWEEN ESTERASE AND LIPASE IN THE SYNTHESIS OF DRUG, FLAVOR AND AMIDE COMPOUNDS

COMPARISON OF CATALYTIC ACTIVITIES BETWEEN ESTERASE AND LIPASE IN THE SYNTHESIS OF DRUG, FLAVOR AND AMIDE COMPOUNDS Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 6(1), 2008, 11-16 COMPARISON OF CATALYTIC ACTIVITIES BETWEEN ESTERASE AND LIPASE IN THE SYNTHESIS OF DRUG, FLAVOR AND AMIDE COMPOUNDS DIPAK PATIL, SIKHA NAG, AMIT BASAK and AHINDRA

More information

Organic molecules are molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen.

Organic molecules are molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen. Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry Introduction Organic molecules are molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen. All living things contain these organic molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic

More information

Glycosidic bond cleavage

Glycosidic bond cleavage Glycosidases and Glycosyltransferases Introduction to Inverting/Retaining Mechanisms Inhibitor design Chemical Reaction Proposed catalytic mechanisms Multiple slides courtesy of Harry Gilbert with Wells

More information

I. Polymers & Macromolecules Figure 1: Polymers. Polymer: Macromolecule: Figure 2: Polymerization via Dehydration Synthesis

I. Polymers & Macromolecules Figure 1: Polymers. Polymer: Macromolecule: Figure 2: Polymerization via Dehydration Synthesis I. Polymers & Macromolecules Figure 1: Polymers Polymer: Macromolecule: Figure 2: Polymerization via Dehydration Synthesis 1 Dehydration Synthesis: Figure 3: Depolymerization via Hydrolysis Hydrolysis:

More information

Development of Technologies for Separation and Functional Improvement of Individual Milk Protein Fractions

Development of Technologies for Separation and Functional Improvement of Individual Milk Protein Fractions Development of Technologies for Separation and Functional Improvement of Individual Milk Protein Fractions (Advances in The Use of Milk Protein Fractions) Armis No. 4216 Project Team: C. Stanton (Leader)

More information

AA s are the building blocks of proteins

AA s are the building blocks of proteins Chamras Chemistry 106 Lecture otes Chapter 24: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins General Formula: () n (') α-amino Acids: (n = 1) Example: Amino Acids and Proteins: Glycine Alanine Valine AA s are the

More information

Polypeptides. Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer, 2017

Polypeptides. Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer, 2017 Polypeptides Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer, 2017 Resources This lecture Campbell and Farrell s Biochemistry, Chapters 3 (pp.72-78) and 4 Definitions and concepts A residue: each amino acid in a (poly)peptide

More information

Carbon s Bonding Pattern

Carbon s Bonding Pattern Organic Compounds It used to be thought that only living things could synthesize the complicated carbon compounds found in cells German chemists in the 1800 s learned how to do this in the lab, showing

More information

AMINO ACID METABOLISM

AMINO ACID METABOLISM AMINO ACID METABOLISM Synthesis of Urea in Liver The series of reactions that form urea is known as the Urea Cycle or the Krebs-Henseleit Cycle. The urea cycle operates only to eliminate excess nitrogen.

More information

GLYCOGEN BEFORE THE LAB YOU HAVE TO READ ABOUT:

GLYCOGEN BEFORE THE LAB YOU HAVE TO READ ABOUT: GLYCGEN BEFRE THE LAB YU HAVE T READ ABUT:. Glycogen structure. 2. Glycogen synthesis and degradation (reactions with structural formulas and enzymes). 3. The role of glycogen in liver and muscles. INTRDUCTIN

More information

Organic Molecules. 1. The structural formulas shown represent certain organic compounds found in living cells.

Organic Molecules. 1. The structural formulas shown represent certain organic compounds found in living cells. Name: ate: 1. The structural formulas shown represent certain organic compounds found in living cells. 1. (1) () (3) Which formula represents a monosaccharide? (4) (5). 1.. 3. 5. Which formula represents

More information

Mechanisms of Enzymes

Mechanisms of Enzymes Mechanisms of Enzymes Presented by Dr. Mohammad Saadeh The requirements for the Pharmaceutical Biochemistry I Philadelphia University Faculty of pharmacy How enzymes work * Chemical reactions have an energy

More information

COVENANT UNIVERSITY ALPHA SEMESTER TUTORIAL KIT (VOL. 2) 200 LEVEL

COVENANT UNIVERSITY ALPHA SEMESTER TUTORIAL KIT (VOL. 2) 200 LEVEL COVENANT UNIVERSITY ALPHA SEMESTER TUTORIAL KIT (VOL. 2) P R O G R A M M E : B I O C H E M I S T R Y 200 LEVEL DISCLAIMER The contents of this document are intended for practice and learning purposes at

More information

Research Article Study on Optimal Conditions of Alcalase Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Soybean Protein Isolate

Research Article Study on Optimal Conditions of Alcalase Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Soybean Protein Isolate Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 9(2): 154-158, 2015 DOI: 10.19026/ajfst.9.1952 ISSN: 2042-4868; e-issn: 2042-4876 2015 Maxwell Scientific Publication Corp. Submitted: February 13, 2015 Accepted:

More information

Novozymes Protease Products

Novozymes Protease Products Strem Chemicals, Inc. www.strem.com Catalog # 06-3115 Esperase 8.0L Note: Sold in collaboration with Novozymes A/S for research purposes only. Esperase is an endo-peptidase with a broad specificity which

More information

FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE (CFSI) CHM1204: CHEMISTRY 2 FINAL EXAMINATION: JANUARY 2014 SESSION

FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE (CFSI) CHM1204: CHEMISTRY 2 FINAL EXAMINATION: JANUARY 2014 SESSION CHM1204 (F)/Page 1 of 11 INTI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE (CFSI) CHM1204: CHEMISTRY 2 FINAL EXAMINATION: JANUARY 2014 SESSION Instructions: This paper consists of FIVE (5) questions.

More information