A practical approach on how to wean more. South Africa September 2015
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1 A practical approach on how to wean more South Africa September 2015
2 Technical Service Manager - UK & Ireland Sanne Baden 2
3 Agenda. To get as many piglets weaned as possible $ 3
4 Trend on total born Litter Size Trend Litter size trend Litter size trend
5 Wean Weight & PWM Trend 5
6 Relevance of PWM $$$$$$$ Public perception & staff morale. Measurable outcome Key indicator High PWM Low PWM BA PWM 15% 7% Lost/Litter W/L PSY (+2.20) Total: R (ZAR) 480 /weaner ,60 R (23.32 PSY) ,60 (25.52 PSY) R Profit
7 Value Last slide showed: 1% reduction in PWM = 132 ZAR/1 % 7
8 Preparing the farrowing. 8
9 Room temperature at birth for sows Day of Birth: Min 21 C degrees Max 23 C degrees 9
10 Temperature Day 3+ for sows From day C degrees PIC
11 TEMPERATURES FOR PIGLETS PIC
12 PIGLETS Keep them warm Or lose more! Body temperature changes At birth: 39 o C as a minimum Immediately after birth, it drops to 37.2 to 35 o C. 12
13 Temperature ( 0 F) Creep Area/clean light bulbs (1) New; (2) A little dirty; (3) More dirty Effect of Bulb Cleanliness on Heat Produced 125W Infrared Heat Bulbs, Metal Reflectors Infrared Heat Bulb (1) Infrared Heat Bulb (2) Infrared Heat Bulb (3) Inches from center
14 Farrowing and lactation are two of the most critical phases of a sows life. 14
15 Check every 20 min 15
16 The Farrowing Process. Piglets are usually delivered every 10 to 20 minutes 16
17 Lower the number of still born Do not pull navel cords, to avoid massive loss of blood. Dry pigs off after umbilical cord is broken (dry) 17
18 Give them a helping hand Make every effort to: teach pigs how to find the underline dry if needed Prevent chilling 18
19 Feeding in Lactation
20 Sow Feeding Principle Birth 1) Max Feed in Gilts 2) Restricted Feed in Gestation Weaning 3) Max Feed From Farrowing to Next Breeding PHASES
21 Simple feeding program 21
22 As much as she like 22
23 PIC Sows are able to go over 10 kg/day Day 5 of lactation 4 kg Day 7 of lactation- 6-7 kg Day 14 of lactation 8 kg 23
24 Daily routines Feed water Sows up
25 ADFI Effect of higher room temperature: every degree above 21 C reduces ADFI by 90g/day. 25
26 4 L of milk per 1 kg piglet growth 26
27 Over a period of 28 days in lactation she can be milking up to 1.5 time her own body weight. Over 14 L/day 27
28 Lack of Feed intake? High replacement rate (too many gilts farrowing at any given time). Illness in sows or litters. Room temperature (macro-environment) is too warm. Fresh water is not available. Feed is inaccessible or not palatable (feed is moldy). Hoof lesions. Shorter lactation. Retained placenta/piglet. PIC
29 Litter management 29
30 More is more 2 Lamps/2 Mats/decreased the risk of overlaid 30
31 Timing! 100% Colostrum level is only 50% Protective Colostral Antibodies 50% 6hrs 12hrs 18hrs 24hrs Teat order being established Timeframe for colostrum absorption All fostering should be done by this point 31
32 Colostrums' summery 6 hours after = 50 % 12 hours after = 25 % 24 hours after = 0-1 % PIC
33 Leave 8-10 piglets at the udder to keep it going 33
34 Keep track of pigs fallen behind. Suggestion 12 pegs hanged up= 1 foster sow to be made! 34
35 Keep track of pigs fallen behind. Suggestion Fallen behind HAS been moved Treatment dirrehea Treatment leg 35
36 Take the biggest of the new farrowed litters 2-step foster sow 4-7 days old Min. 21 days old for weaning 36
37 Record to know where to put the effort! Day Laid on Hunger Weak born Other (record reason) 1 Environment check! Pigs are seeking the warmest area Colostrums management 2 environment Lack of milk. Colostrums management 3 environment Lack of milk. Management Energy level prefarrowing. Stress. Constipation. 4 - Management. Milk yield
38 Take home Check the sows regularly through farrowing QUESTIONS? Clean & warm environment Colostrums to all as quick as possible Keep track on piglets fallen behind Move piglets before it is to late Full feed for optimal production High milk yield & Next litters performances Find your potential and pick the lowest hanging fruit
39 Weaning...a perfect start! 39
40 3 key points Water Feed intake Piglet survival Environment PIC
41 A perfect start Coming from a known environment to a new environment Liquid feed to solid feed (milk to dry) Digestibility change from high to low PIC
42 Pigs coming in Minimize mixing Remove the 5-10 % lowest quality pigs to hospital pens and feed cruel Sort after Small, Medium & Large Pull out fallen behind pigs to hospital pens PIC
43 Get it right from the start Clean Disinfect Dry PIC
44 Clean vs. dirty Class of Pig AIAO, Cleaned Buildings AIAO, Uncleaned Buildings % Improvement DLG (gm/day) DLG (gm/day) Weaners Growers Growers Finishers Wean-to-Sale Cargill, C., and Banhazi, T. (1998) Proc 1st IPVS 3, 15. PIC
45 Dirty vs.clean..payoff ADG+ 50 g more per day in a total clean stable! PIC
46 Chek list! Ventilation/alarm check Ventilation settings min/max PIC
47 Any gaps? Reminder! Hidden places. Dust on top of the insulation? Free access for the air? Be aware of behaviour 47
48 Get it right Sensors are placed correct Humidity 65 % Comfort zone C PIC
49 Natural ventilation Free access from air coming in. Extra heat in winter month for small pigs. Curtains for breaking strong winds. Humidity is difficult to control: be aware of water usages, pressure, sprinklers etc. 49
50 Temperatures Pigs should be laying down on the side without touching each other PIC
51 PIC Temperature
52 It can be expensive For every degree below the LCT pig looses approximately 10-12g per day. 1ºC below the LCT could cost ZAR (1 ) in extra feed per pig. PIC
53 PIC Temperatures effect on growth
54 PIC Space
55 space 830 g vs. 798 g/day= 32 g more/day PIC
56 Feeder space 2,5 cm/pig for weaners (want to eat at the same time) 5 cm/pig for grow/finisher PIC
57 PIC Low feed intake? High FCR?
58 Low Feed intake high FCR? Pan cover: Nursery Day 1- max 3 70% Day % Day 7 to exit 40% Market Pigs 35% PIC
59 Get the smallest started 85 % of the pigs will learn to eat and drink within the first 48 hours Great to avoid starvation and for hospitals pen. PIC
60 Cruel/Porrigde Keep it fresh. Gruel left for 24 hours had 650 times higher contents of E-coli!!! PIC
61 Cruel/Porrigde Use starter diets Clean bowl and mix fresh gruel 3 x per day (2-3 Days) 230 g feed & 680 g H 2 O/15 pigs (1/3 feed + 2/3 water) 7,6 cm/pig of feeder Space Feed no more than can be eaten within min! PIC
62 Treats (%) Why? Less treatments! 35% 30% 29.70% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 19.40% 0% Mat Only Mat & Gruel PIC
63 Impact of feed intake on dirrehea Feed intake the first week Under 1 kg feed/pig Risk of getting dirrehea. (odds ratio) 33,6 times higher risk. 1-1,35 kg feed/pig 18,6 1,36-1,72 kg feed/pig 1,1 Madec, F., N. Bridoux & A.J. Bounaix (1998). Measurement of digestive disorders in the piglet at weaning and related riss factors. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 35 (1998)
64 Pigs Treated (%) Mat Feeding Trial - Results 14.0% 12.0% 11.7% 12.6% y = x R 2 = % 8.0% 7.4% 6.9% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% Control 2x 4x 6x Treatments For every 2x a day you increase mat feeding you will have to give 1.97% fewer treatments 64
65 Deathloss (%) Mat Feeding Trial - Results For every 2x a day you increase mat feeding there is 1.34% less death loss 7.00% 6.00% 5.00% 4.00% 3.00% 2.00% 1.00% 5.14% 6.29% y = x R 2 = % 1.71% 0.00% Control 2x 4x 6x Treatments
66 Ending Weight (lbs) Mat Feeding Trial - Results ,55 kg y = 0.33x R 2 = kg Control 2x 4x 6x Treatment 66
67 lb/d # Visits in 6 hrs period Reducing Competition - Water Pig per Drinker Impact ADG in Nursery Wean-42 days, Bowl drinker. Sandler, Water Flow Impact ADG, lb/day No Visits/6h Drinker to Nursery Pigs Ratio. Effect on Drinking Behavior and Performance, Sadler et al, ISU
68 No of diets and feed changes Meet the basic requirement on nutrition Test your feed changes vs growth (weighing-groups) Start feeding the piglets from day in the farrowing houses and use this diet after weaning ADG week by week Days after entering 68
69 Changing diets Diet 1 Diet 2 Day to day change is to fats for pigs to adapt the new diet and will increase the risk of dirrehea Diet 1 Diet 2 The feed change is done gradually and the pigs hardly notice! 69
70 Is your feed doing the job? date Day no No of pigs Weigt in total Avg weight /pig Daily gain Feed usages in period Feeed/kg growth (FCR) ,0 42, ,0 51, kg *** ,0 59, kg 2, ,0 62, kg 2,63 70
71 Take home Clean environment Avoid mixing Use gruel and mat feeding for the first week and continue if needed. Feed intake the first week will affect ADG Check the enviormet (ventilation,temp.curve, humidity) Remove sick pigs to a hospitalpen. AI/AO if possible Make sure to keep the recommendations Check ALL pigs EVERY day! 71
72 Questions? Thanks for your attention 72
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