Leicestershire Nutrition and Dietetic Service IRON An essential mineral for children and young people.

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1 Leicestershire Nutrition and Dietetic Service IRON An essential mineral for children and young people. How to include iron rich foods in their daily diets.

2 Why do toddlers and children need iron? Iron is an important mineral. It is needed to make haemoglobin, the red pigment in blood which carries oxygen around the body, delivering it to tissues and organs. Children and young people need to eat enough iron in their diet to grow properly. A lack of iron can cause children to become pale, tired, irritable and lacking in energy. They may lose their appetites and growth may be slower than normal. This leaflet gives you ideas on foods to include in your child s diet to help ensure enough iron is taken each day. Which foods are good sources of iron? Iron is found in a wide variety of foods. The best sources of iron are red meat and some fish. This type of iron is called haem iron and is more easily absorbed by the body. If your child does not eat meat or fish then alternative sources of iron can be found in many other foods (see Table overleaf). This is known as non-haem iron but is not as easily absorbed by the body. Make the best use of iron in food by: - Increasing Vitamin C: this helps iron to be absorbed from foods and is found in fresh fruit and vegetables. At each meal time try to include salad particularly tomatoes or vegetables (including potatoes), fruit and diluted fruit juices or squash that has added vitamin C. Keep cooking vegetables to a minimum as cooking for a long time breaks the Vitamin C down. - Decreasing tea and coffee: can reduce the absorption of iron in the body so try to avoid these drinks. More suitable drinks for children are water and diluted fruit juices or herbal tea like Red bush tea. - Drinking too many fluids can limit children s and young people s appetite for food, always offer drinks after meals. As a general rule, aim for no more than one pint of milk a day for children over the age of one year. - Encourage a varied diet. Eating a mixture of foods will help children and young people to get enough iron in their diet.

3 The following list will help you add up the amount of iron your child is getting from food: FOOD MEAT, FISH AND EGGS PORTION SIZE grams / oz / handy measure IRON POINTS Rounded to nearest 1/4 Cooked lamb 60 g / 2 oz 1 ½ Minced beef 60 g / 2 oz 1 ½ Roast pork 60 g / 2 oz ¾ Roast chicken 60 g /2 oz ¼ Sausage one small sausage = 20g ¼ Beef burger 60 g / 2 oz / one burger 1 ½ Corned beef 25 g / 1 oz ½ Tuna in spring water 25 g / 1 oz ½ Sardines, in tomato sauce, 50 g / 2 oz / 2 sardines = 50g 1 ¼ (take care with bones) Fish fingers grilled 2 fish fingers = 40g ½ Egg, boiled 1 egg = 60g 1 VEGETABLES Baked beans 50 g / 2 oz / 1 tbsp ¾ Cooked Red Kidney beans 50g / 2 oz /1 tbsp 1 ¼ Lentils, cooked 50 g / 2 oz / 1 tbsp 1 ¼ Tofu steamed 2 tbsp 1 ¾ Peas 50 g / 2 oz / 2 tbsp ¾ Steamed Broccoli 50 g / 2 oz / 1 tbsp ½ Sweet corn (canned) 50 g / 2 oz / 2 tbsp ¼ Spinach 50 g / 2 oz / 3 tbsp ¾ CEREAL FOODS Wholemeal bread 1 slice = 30g ¾ White bread 1 slice = 25g ½ Quinoa (raw) 50g / 2 oz / 2 tbsp 3 Cous Cous (raw) 50g / 2 oz /2 tbsp 1 Chapattis 1 = 45g 1 Fortified (added iron) tinned pasta shapes 50 g / 2 oz / 2 tbsp ½

4 BREAKFAST CEREALS Weetabix 1 biscuit = 18.75g wt 2 Cornflakes/Rice Krispies 30 g / 1 oz / medium bowl ¾ Special K 20 g / ¾ oz 2 Ready Brek 25 g / 1 oz (dry weight) 3 Shreddies 30 g / 1 oz 2 ½ FRUITS AND NUTS* Dried mixed fruit 25 g / 1 oz / 1 tbsp ½ Raisins 25 g / 1 oz / 1 tbsp 1 Dates (dried) 4 = 50g ½ Apricots (dried) 6 dried = 40g 1 ½ Peanuts* 50 g / 2 oz / small bag 1 Peanut butter (smooth) 30g/ 1 tbsp ¾ Nuts and raisins* 50 g / 2 oz / small bag 1 ½ Sesame seeds 1 tbsp (9g) 1 VEGETARIAN FOODS Bean burger 100 g / 4 oz / one burger 2 ½ Vegetable chilli 150 g / 6 oz / small portion 1 ¼ Vegetarian sausage 2 sausages (100g) 3 Vegeburger 2 burgers (100g) 4 ½ Tofu (steamed) 2 tbsp 1 Soya mince 50 g / 2 oz dry wt 1 dry wt Mixed vegetable curry 180 g / 7 oz / small portion 3 Quorn 50g / 2 oz ¼ South Asian Foods The following dishes are good sources of iron:- - Lamb or meat kheema - Sag (with vegetables or meat) - Urad dahl - Black gram curry - Chickpea dahl - Masoor (red lentil) dahl

5 Adding the following ingredients to dishes will increase their iron content:- Spring onions, tomato paste, masur (dried lentils), almonds, cashew nuts*, eggs, curry paste, coriander and mustard seeds, cumin, turmeric and oregano powder, pistachio nuts* * NOTE Whole nuts should not be given to children until the age of five years due to the risk of choking. Finely ground nuts (e.g. smooth peanut butter or other nut butters) can be used from six months of age. If your child has a known allergy, such as eczema, asthma, hay fever and rhinitis, or there is a family history of allergy, then all nuts should be avoided until three years of age. How much iron do toddlers and children need? Children need different amounts of iron at various ages and stages in their growth, see below as a guideline: AGE AMOUNT OF IRON NEEDED DAILY (milligrams) IRON POINTS NEEDED DAILY (1 point=1milligram) 7 12 months years years years years (male) years (female) (Reference, Department of Health Dietary Reference values, 1991) For further information on food and health visit The Leicestershire Nutrition and Dietetic Service s website at Developed and produced by Leicestershire Nutrition and Dietetic Services April 2016 To be reviewed April 2018 Crown Copyright Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust and University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Access our website on