Forage Testing and Supplementation

Transcription

1 Outline Forage Testing and Logan Wallace Livestock Specialist Testing Hay Nutrient Value/Requirements Strategies Management based Feed substitution Variance in Hay Species Maturities Weathering Why take a hay test? No Label Use to formulate feeding program Expensive to feed when not needed Suitability for certain classes of cattle Use recommended hay probe Push type Drill type Take cores of hay per sample Sample hay from same cutting/field How to take a hay sample How to take a hay sample Send 2 cups of forage Sending in Sample Many labs will have options for more or less information Provide information on type of hay and animals being fed 1

2 Dry Matter % Crude Protein % Available Protein % Adjusted Crude Protein % Acid Detergent Fiber % Neutral Detergent Fiber % Total Digestible Nutrients % Test Data Relative Feed Value Net Energy Lactation mcal/lb Net Energy Gain mcal/lb Net Energy Maintenance mcal/lb Qualitative Nitrate % Minerals % or ppm What to Look At Dry Matter (DM) Intake is determined using DM Compare different hay for purchase 1200 lbs x.92 = 1,080 lbs 1200 lbs x.85 = 935 lbs Crude Protein (CP) Indicator of quality Fescue may be adequate Needed for rumen microbe function What to Look At Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) Single best indicator of forage digestion Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) Single best indicator of intake Intake % BW= 120 NDF Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) Estimate of energy in hay Use to compare like forages Determined using ADF and NDF Relative Values Relative Feed Value Combination NDF and ADF Compare Legumes or Grasses Relative Forage Quality Combination NDF and ADF Simulated Digestion Useful to compare similar hays for purchase or to rank inventory Nitrates Nitrate Recommendations for feeding (NO 3 ) % DM Safe to feed in all situations Safe for non-pregnant animals. 50% of diet dry matter for pregnant animals Limit to 50% of diet dry matter Limit to 35-40% of diet dry matter. Avoid feeding to pregnant animals Limit to 25% of diet dry matter. Avoid feeding to pregnant animals. over 1 76 DO NOT FEED What makes good hay? Protein USDA Grass Hay Guidelines Quality % Crude Protein Premium > 13 Good 9-13 Fair 5-9 Utility < 5 2

3 Energy (TDN) Quality What makes good hay? % TDN Excellent > 58 Good Fair Poor < 51 Livestock Needs Different Classes of Cattle Dry Cows Lactating 1 st Calf Heifers Lactating Cows Growing Calves University of Georgia Extension Dry Cows Intake: % of BW CP : 7-8% DM TDN : 49-53% DM Requirements increase from 1 st to 3 rd term of pregnancy Lactating Cows: Average (10 lbs./day) Intake: % of BW CP: % DM TDN: % DM Lactating Cows: High (20 lbs./day) Intake: % of BW CP: % DM TDN: % DM Needs increase as milk production increases 3

4 First Calf Heifers Average (10 lbs/day) Intake: % of BW Intake: 2.5% of BW Growing Calves CP: % DM CP: % DM TDN: % DM TDN: % DM Increased requirements needed for growth during lactation Does it meet needs? Grass Hay CP: 9.4 % TDN: 52.5 % Meets Needs? Lactating Cow: Lacks Energy First Calf Heifers: Lacks Energy and CP Growing Cattle: Lacks Energy and CP Dry Cow: YES! 1 lb of high starch, low protein supplement reduces forage intake by.5-1 lb High protein (30% CP) and high fiber (12% CP) supplements can increase forage intake Added protein stimulates rumen function Common By-Products Feedstuff CP TDN (%) (%) Corn Corn Gluten Feed Dried Distillers Grain Hominy Feed Rice Bran Soy Hulls Wheat Midds Beef Magazine Feed Composition Tables 4

5 Lactating Cow (1300 lb., 10 lbs. milk) Needs 26.3 lbs. DM, 2.3 lbs. CP, 14.7 lbs. TDN Hay: 88% DM, 8% CP, 52% TDN 27.6 lbs. as-fed, 2.1 lbs CP, lbs. TDN CP: = 0.2 lbs. TDN: = 1.02 lbs. Corn Gluten Feed (CGF).90 DM,.22 lbs CP,.80 lbs TDN CP.2 lb. /.22 CP/.90 DM = 1.01 lbs. TDN 1.02 lb. /.80 TDN /.90 DM=1.42 lbs. Substitution Nutrients Needed from Hay (DM) 2.3 CP / 8% = 28.8 lbs hay 14.7 TDN / 52% = 28.3 lbs hay 1200 lb x.88 DM x.91 not wasted = available hay /28.8 = 33.4 days/bale or cows/bale Ionophores Modifies rumen environment Increase use of VFAs and reduces protein degradation Toxic to horses Rumensin (Monensin) Only ionophore approved for mature cows Increase efficiency of cattle Up to 10% less intake for maintenance University of Kentucky Lasalocid (Bovatec) Ionophores Not approved for mature cows Improved rate of gain for cattle on forage by up to 10% Ionophores Feed at least 1 lb of supplement if feeding in grain (Rumensin) Feed up to 200 mg/day 50 mg low quality 100 mg average quality mg high quality Univ. of Wisconsin 5

6 Low Roughage Can supplement high grain diets in low forage supplies Cattle can have rumen function with.5% BW of roughage Must meet need with balanced ration Cost effectiveness? Thank You 6