IMPROVING PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN BROILER DIETS BASED ON CORN-SOYBEAN MEAL USING MICROBIAL PHYTASE

Transcription

1 IMPROVING PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN BROILER DIETS BASED ON CORN-SOYBEAN MEAL USING MICROBIAL PHYTASE Milic Živkov-Bloš 1, Ž. Mihljev1, Dubrvk Potkonjk 1, Mrij Vukšinović 2, Mrin Vukić-Vrnješ 3 1 Vetrinry Scientific Institute "Novi Sd", Rumenčki put 20, Novi Sd, R. Serbi; e-mil: milic@niv.ns.c.yu 2 Veterinry Specilizеd Institute Krljevo", Žičk 34, Krljevo, R. Serbi; 3 "Alltech Serbi", Temerinsk 119, Novi Sd, R. Serbi; Summry The effect of the microbil phytse in nutrition of broilers on crcss nd met qulity were observed. Tril ws crried out on 300 Arbor Acres broilers of both sexes divided into six groups. The broilers in control groups (K nd K+) were fed with complete mixtures of stndrd rw mterils nd chemicl composition, in which dietry vilble phosphorus (AP) level ws formulted t the level of 0.46%. In diets for broilers in the experimentl groups, by reducing (O-I nd O-I+) nd complete excluding diclcium phosphte (O-II nd O-II+), the AP in mixtures ws reduced to 0.25% nd 0.10%, respectively. Diets for broilers in the experimentl groups (K+, O- I+ nd O-II+) were supplemented with phytse. During the experiment, tht lsted 42 dys performnces were investigted. At the end of the tril dressing percentges (yields) nd crcss conformtion mesures were monitored. Reduction of the dietry TP nd AP level for experimentl broilers induced lower body mss, gin nd feed consumption s well s higher fed conversion. However, by introduction phytse into diets negtive effects of P reduction were, to some extent, llevited. The obtined results show tht dressing percentges of broilers from the experimentl group vried less compring to the broilers from the control group. Supplementtion of phytse into diets incresed the shre of the brest prt nd witer thigh in chicken crcsses. Key words: broilers, phytse, production performnce, slughter yield Qulity nd the chrcteristics of broiler met present n importnt prmeters in poultry production for which re interested not only food producers but lso finl consumers of poultry met nd products. In industril system of production, s for exmple in breeding of broiler poultry, mny demnds hve to fulfilled. The most importnt re high feed efficiency nd production without hrmful mtter, but preserving helth sttus of poultry with the lest pollution of the environment. The scndl with beef (BSE) led finlly to deep nd persistent nonconfidence of the consumers. The result ws generl loss in imge of met. The shrp increse in poultry production nd intensified spects of poultry production regrding niml protection nd demnds of ecologicl ssocitions.

2 Demnds of ecology ssocitions relte to ll technologicl normtive, lso to nutrition. They insist on nutritive elements of herbl origin, first of ll cerels (Ristić, 2001). In order to solve this problem, supplement of enzymes into feed of poultry ttrcts more ttention of nutritionists. A specil effect nd efficiency should be given to phytse. The supplement exogenous enzymes in feed for niml hs one im: to supplement ctivity of enzymes, remove nti-nutritive fctors (phytte), some nutritive mtters mke vilble for resorption, increse of energetic nd nutritive vlues of lower qulity nd reduce excretion of nutritive mtters into the environment (Broz, 1993). The results in supplement of phytse in diets for broilers hs been incomplete nd often contrdictory, especilly if relted to the influence of phytse in chrcteristics nd qulity of met. Therefore, hving in mind importnce of the problem, the im of our work ws to exmine influence of phytse prmeters when using rw mterils of domestic origin (mize, soyben mel). MATERIAL AND METHODS The experiment ws crried out on 300 one dy old chicken Arbor Acres provenience, both sexes, divided in six groups. Appliction of preventive mesures, housing, cre, s well s feeding nd drinking regime, were djusted to rising on litter. Tble 1. Composition of feed mix in the tril with chicken ged 1-21 dys*, [%]. Feeding stuffs Mixtures for experimentl broilers K K + O-I O-I + O-II O-II + Mize Soyben mel Sunflower mel Yest Vegetble oil DL Methionine Limestone Diclcium phosphte Slt Minerl-vitmin mixture Phytse *Mix used for nutrition of broilers ged nd dys ws very similr in number of ingredients nd chemicl composition, djusted to the needs of poultry in the experiment. The broilers were given diets with 0.46%, 0.25% or 0.10% vilble phosphorus (AP), with or without phytse. The broilers in control group (K) ws fed with diets (stndrd chemicl composition), without feed of niml origin with 0.46% AP. The min source of phosphorus ws diclcium phosphte. In diets for broilers in experimentl groups, by reducing (O-I nd O-I+) nd complete excluding (O-II nd O- II+) diclcium phosphte, the vilble phosphorus in mixtures ws reduced to 0.25%

3 nd 0.10%, respectively (Tble 1). The mixtures for chicken in the experimentl groups (K+, O-I+ nd O-II+) were supplemented with phytse of the producer Alltech, USA (250 PU/kg). During the experiment, tht lsted 42 dys in three phses (1-21, nd dys), performnces were investigted. Control mesurement of the experimentl broiler determined the verge body weight, nd the difference of body weight in totl gin, while the dily gin ws clculted on durtion of the whole tril. During the experiment totl quntity of the mix given to the groups ws mesured. From the obtined dt on consumption nd gin, feed conversion ws clculted. At the end of the tril body mss of ll the nimls ws monitored, but one out of 10 ws scrificed by the method of rndom choice for further exmintion. Every broiler ws mesured before nd fter scrifice, nd lso fter cooling the crcsses. Cooling ws crried out by combined continul procedure (wter ir) lsting 110 minutes. The finl temperture of 4 o C ws chieved nd the crcsses were dry. The crcsses were prepred nd processed s "redy to cook" with giblets nd "oven redy crcss" - without giblets procedure, thn dressed for determining yield nd proportion of some prts, but lso rtion of tissue in more vluble prts of the trunk (brest, thigh nd witer thigh). Dressing percentge were clculted s the difference between cooled crcss nd body mss before slughter, whereby bdominl ft ws mesured seprtely. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Body mss rnge, verge dily weight gin nd food conversion vlues re summrized in Tble 2. Body mss, verge dily weight gin nd food conversion vlues in the control group (K) were within the mrgins of technologic normtive for Arbor Acres provenience. It is to be emphsized tht vlues for cited prmeters were somewht higher in broilers fed diets contining recommended phosphorus content nd phytse supplement. Reduction of phosphorus content in diets for experimentl groups resulted in corresponding reduction of body mss, dily weight gin nd food conversion rte, nd differences mong groups were highly significnt (p<0,01). Supplementtion of phytse to low-phosphorus diets substntilly incresed the body mss, dily weight gin nd food conversion rtes in the experimentl groups (p<0,01); however, the effect ws not sufficient to rech the corresponding prmeter vlues in the control groups. Similr vlues for body mss in broilers fed diets contining pproximtely sme clcium nd phosphorus concentrtions nd phytse supplement re reported by Perney et l. (1993), Simons nd Versteegh (1993), Rutkowski et l. (1997) nd Ahmd et l. (2000). Effect of phytse on body mss increse ws, however, not sufficient to provide the sme body mss increse rte s in the control groups. This strongly supports the thesis tht phytse-relted phosphorus content in broiler diets is determined not only by phytse content, but lso by the totl phosphorus nd clcium concentrtion in the diet (Rm Ro et l., 1999).

4 Tble 2. Body weight, dily gin nd feed conversion rtio of experimentl broilers Body weight[g] Group 4 2 d y K ± x K ± x O-I ± y O-I ± y O-II ± z O-II ± w Dily gin [kg] Group d y K ± 6.42 x K ± 7.33 x O-I ± 5.56 y O-I ± 5.87 y O-II ± 6.20 z O-II ± 7.01 z Feed conversion rtio [kg] Group d y K 1.76 K O-I 1.87 O-I O-II 1.72 O-II *Vlues exspresed s X ± Sd,b p< 0.05 x,,y,z,w,q p< 0.01 The dressing percentges nd shre of the prts of crcss in the mss of experimentl broilers before slughter re displyed in the Tble 3. From these dt it cn be noticed tht the yield or crcsses in the procedure "redy to cook" nd "oven redy" hve lmost no difference in nutrition between the groups with recommended level of totl phosphorus regrdless to phytse supplement. Reducing the level of phosphorus in the mix yield of the crcss decreses, nd the differences re expressed proportionlly in reducing phosphorus. Negtive effect of phosphorus deficiency is somehow llevited by dding the mix with lower content of phosphorus. Some effects were noticed ccording to the findings of Lukić (2001) who reports on mild negtive trend of dressing percentges proportionl content of totl nd vilble phosphorus in diet. The results re ccording to Rutkowski et l. (1997). On the bses of tril with the broilers fed by mix bsed on mize rpe-seed oil mel with different level of totl phosphorus nd clcium, nd different quntity of phytse, the uthors report on positive influence of the enzyme on dressing percentge nd met yield. On the other hnd, the obtined results re not ccording to dt of Lević et l. (1997) who report on the increse of slughter yield in broilers fed by mix with lower

5 Tb. 3 Slughter nlysis, % of live body weight. Dressing percentge (%) Group Redy to rost (%) Oven redy crcss (%) K ± 2.00, x ± 2.49 x K ± 1.08, x ± 1.03 O-I ± ± 2.24 O-I ± ± 1.64 O-II ± 4.90 b ± 5.18 y O-II ± 3.43 b, y ± 3.90 b, y Shre of some prts of chicken crcses (%) Group Thigh (%) Witer thigh (%) Brests (%) K ± ± 0.46 x ± 2.05, x K ± ± 0.54, x ± 1.40 x O-I ± ± 0.64 b, x ± 1.79 O-I ± 0.49 b ± 0.52 x ± 1.99 O-II ± ± 1.70 y ± 2.55 b, y O-II ± ± 0.91 y ± 4.15 b, y *Vlues exspresed s X ± Sd,b p< 0.05 x,,yq p< 0.01 content of phosphorus thn recommended, with simultneous using of phytse. The results in exmining portion of edible prts of the crcss re in considerble proportion ccording to the reports by Ellen et l. (1973), Zurovc-Kuzmn (2001) nd Lukić (2001). Besides spordic sttisticlly importnt differences, it cn be concluded tht shres of thigh in mss of niml before slughter does not depend from the tretment. However, witer thighs nd brests in the body mss of nimls before the slughter decresed proportionlly to reducing the content of phosphorus in mix. Adding of phytse in mix only llevited negtive consequences of reltive or bsolute deficiency of phosphorus but only in the cse of thigh, while the similr effect were not present in the proportion of brests. The obtined results re in ccordnce to Lukić (2001) who reports tht the prmeters monitored in the broilers fed by mix with lower phosphorus level thn recommended were not importntly different compring to the sme prmeters in the control group of broilers. CONCLUSION On the bses of the obtined results from the experiment, we cn bring up the following conclusions: dding phytse in mix gives better production results, tht is reflected in production number;

6 reducing phosporus contect in the mix, dressing percentges nd slughter yields declines, but the differences re expressed in proprotionl reduction of phosphorus. Adding of phytse into mix is llevted to certin level; shre of thigh in the body weight before the slughter ws not influenced by the tretment. However, shre of thigh nd brests in the mss of nimls before the slughter ws reduced proportionlly to reducing the content of phosphorus in mix. Addition of phytse in mix only llevited negtive consequences of reltive of bsolute deficiency of phosphorus only in the cse of witer thighs, while the similr effects were not present in cse of the brests shre. Using microbil phytse my be pplied, followed by certin reduction of dietry phosphorus nd clcium. REFERENCES Ahmd T, Rsool S, Srwr M, Ahsn-ul Hq Zi-ul Hsn: Effect of microbil phytse produced from fungus Aspergillus niger on biovilbility of phosphorus nd clcium in broiler chickens. Animl Feed Science nd Technology, 83, 2, , Broz, J. (1993): Enzymes s feed ditives in poultry nutrition Current pplictions nd future trends. Montshefte fur veterinrmedizin 48, 4, 213-7, Ellen L., Bouwkmp E., Bihbee C., Wbek J.: Strin influences on broiler prts yields. Polut. Sci., 52, , Lević J., Stojnović S., Ševković N., Iskov V., Srednović S., Popović V., Džinić N.: Oplemenjivnje suncokretove sčme upotrebom enzim. VII Simpozijum tehnologije stočne hrne, Tr, , Lević J., Srednović S.: Enzymes in broiler chicken feeding. - Biotechnology in Animl Husbndry, 15 (5-6), , Lukić M.: Uticj fitze u ishrni brojler n proizvodne rezultte i zdrvstveno stnje,, Mgistrsk tez, Poglvlj 5.6 i 6.6, Veterinrski fkultet Beogrd, Ktedr z ishrnu, NATIONAL RESERCH COUNCIL: Nutrient Requirements Of Poultry, Ntionl Acdemy Press, Wshington D.C., Perney K.M., Cntor A.H., Strw M.L., Herkelmn K.L.: The effect of dietry phytse on growth performnce nd phosphorus utiliztion of broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 72, , Rm Ro S.V, Rmsubb Reddy V., Rvindr Reddy V.: Non-phytin phosphorus requirements of commercil broilers nd White Leghorn lyers. Animl Feed Science nd Technology, 80, 1-10, Ristić M.: Development trends in the poultr production-yesterdy, tody nd tomorrow, Tehnologij mes, 42, 5-6, , Rutkowski A., Sliwinski B., Wiz M.: The use of phytse in broiler chicken diets continig mize nd soyben or rpeseed mel. Journl of Animl nd Feed Sciences, 6, , 1997.

7 Simons P.C.M., Versteegh H.A.J.: Role of Phytses in poultry nutrition. Enzymes in niml nutrtion, Proceedings of the 1st Symposium Krtuse Ittingen, Switzerlnd 181-6, Tolimir Ntš, Petrović D., Petrović Milk, Mtić M., Mletić Rdojk, Bogosvljević-Bošković Snežn: Uporedno ispitivnje proizvodnih i klničnih osobin tri provenijence brojlerskih pilić, Svremen poljoprivred, 51, 3-4, 223-6, Zurovc-Kuzmn, O.: Efiksnost modifikovnog klinoptiolit u ublžvnju toksičnih efekt ohrtoksin A n proizvodne rezultte i kvlitet mes brojler. Doktorsk disertcij, Ktedr z ishrnu, Fkultet veterinrske medicine, Beogrd, Živkov-Bloš M., Mihljev Ž., Mšić Z.: Mogućnosti korišćenj rzličitih izvor fosfor u ishrni živine, Svremen poljoprivred, 51, 3-4, , 2002.