SULIT /3. Answer all questions. Jawab semua soalan.

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1 SULIT /3 Question 1 Soalan 1 Answer all questions. Jawab semua soalan. Osmoregulation is a physiological processes in which an organism uses to maintain water balance in the body, that is, to compensate for water loss, avoid excess water gain, and maintain the proper osmotic concentration of the body fluids. Pengosmokawalaturan ialah satu proses fisiologi yang digunakan oleh suatu organisma untuk mengekalkan keseimbangan air dalam badan, iaitu, menggantikan air yang hilang, mengelak penambahan air, dan mengekalkan kepekatan osmosis cecair badan yang sesuai. A group of students carried out an experiment to study the process of osmoregulation in the body by investigating the relationship between the intake of different quantities of water and the amount of urine produced. Four male students of the same age and similar body weight and height were given different volumes of isotonic drinking water to drink. After one hour, the volume of urine was collected and measured. The results of the experimen are shown in Table 1. Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mempelajari proses pengosmokawalaturan di dalam badan dengan mengkaji hubungan antara pengambilan kuantiti air yang berbeza dengan amaun air kencing terhasil. Empat pelajar lelaki dengan umur yang sama serta berat badan dan ketinggian yang sama diberikan isipadu air minuman isotonik yang berbeza untuk diminum. Selepas satu jam, isipadu air kencing dikumpul dan disukat. Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 1. Student Pelajar Volume of water intake (ml) Isipadu air yang diminum (ml) P Q R S Volume of urine collected (ml) Isipadu air kencing yang dukumpulkan (ml) Table 1 Jadual 1

2 SULIT /3 (a) Complete Table 1 by stating the volume of urine collected after one hour drinking different volume of water. Lengkapkan Jadual 1 dengan menyatakan isipadu air kencing yang dikumpulkan selepas satu jam minum air yang berlainan isipadu. (b) (i) Based on Table 1, state two observations. Berdasarkan Jadual 1, nyatakan dua pemerhatian. Observation 1 Pemerhatian 1: Observation 2 Pemerhatian 2: (ii) State the inference for each observation made in (b) (i). Nyatakan inferens bagi setiap pemerhatian yang dibuat dalam (b) (i). Inference for observation 1 Inferens bagi pemerhatian 1: Inference for observation 2 Inferens bagi pemerhatian 2:......

3 SULIT /3 (c) Complete Table 2 based on the experiment. Lengkapkan Jadual 2 berdasarkan eksperimen ini. Variables Manipulated variable dimanipulasikan Responding variable bergerak balas Controlled variable dimalarkan Operating the variables Mengoperasi pembolehubah How to alter the manipulated variable Bagaimana mengubah pembolehubah yang dimanipulasikan How to determine the responding variable Bagaimana menentukan pembolehubah bergerak balas How to maintain the controlled variable Bagaimana menetapkan pembolehubah dimalarkan Table 2 Jadual 2 (d) State the hypothesis for this experiment. Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini

4 SULIT /3 (e) (i) Based Table 1, construct a table and record the results of the experiment which include the following aspects: Berdasarkan Jadual 1, bina satu jadual dan rekod keputusan eksperimen ini yang meliputi aspek-aspek berikut: Student Pelajar Volume of water intake Isipadu air yang diminum Volume of urine collected Isipadu air kencing yang dikumpulkan Volume of water reabsorbed in kidneys Isipadu air yang diserap semula di ginjal (ii) Draw the graph of the volume of water reabsorbed in the kidneys against the volume of water intake by each student on the graph paper provided in page 8. Lukiskan satu graf isipadu air yang diserap semula di ginjal melawan isipadu air yang diminum oleh setiap pelajar di atas kertas graf yang disediakan di halaman 8. (iii) Based on the graph drawn in (e) (ii), state the relationship between the volume of water intake by each student and the volume of water reabsorbed in the kidneys. Explain your answer. Berdasarkan graf yang dilukis dalam (e) (ii), nyatakan hubungan antara isipadu air yang diminum oleh setiap pelajar dengan isipadu air yang diserap semula di ginjal. Terangkan jawapan anda

5 SULIT /3 (f) Based on the experiment, state the operational definition of osmoregulation. Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi pengosmokawalaturan (g) The experiment is repeated by drinking 100 ml of 5% sodium chloride solution. Predict the volume of water reabsorbed in the kidneys. Explain your answer. Eksperimen ini diulang dengan meminum 100 ml larutan natrium klorida 5%. Ramalkan isipadu air yang diserap semula di ginjal. Terangkan jawapan anda (h) The following are different drinking water. Senarai berikut adalah air minuman yang berbeza Distilled water Air suling 0.5% salt solution Larutan garam 0.5% 0.05% salt solution Larutan garam 0.05% 5% salt solution Larutan garam 5% List all the drinking water according to the volume of urine produced after one hour. The volume of the water drank are the same. Senaraikan semua air minuman berdasarkan isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan selepas satu jam. Isipadu air yang diminum adalah sama. Type of drinking water Jenis air minuman Volume of urine produced (ml) Isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan (ml) Lowest Terendah Highest Tertinggi 33

6 SULIT /3 Graph of the volume of water reabsorbed against the volume of water intake Graf isipadu air yang diserap semula melawan isipadu air yang diminum Volume of water reabsorbed (ml) Isipadu air yang diserap semula (ml) Volume of water intake (ml) Isipadu air yang diminum (ml)

7 SULIT /3 Question 2 Soalan 2 Starch is broken down in the mouth into maltose. The rate of hydrolysis process is increase by the presence of enzyme amylase in the saliva. The ph of saliva is between ph 7 to ph 7.5. The presence of starch and maltose can be determined by using food test. Kanji dipecahkan di dalam mulut kepada maltosa. Kadar proses hidrolisis ditingkatkan dengan kehadiran enzim amilase di dalam air liur. ph air liur adalah antara ph 7 dan ph 7.5. Kehadiran kanji dan maltosa boleh ditentukan dengan menggunakan ujian makanan. By using materials and apparatus available in the laboratory, plan an experiment to investigate the effect of ph value on the rate of enzyme amylase activity. Dengan menggunakan bahan dan radas yang terdapat di dalam makmal, rancang satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan nilai ph ke atas kadar aktiviti enzim amilase. Your experimental planning need to include the following aspects: Perancangan eksperimen anda perlu meliputi aspek-aspek berikut: Problem Statement Pernyataan masalah Variables Hypothesis Hipotesis List of materials and apparatus Senarai bahan dan radas Experimental procedures Prosedur eksperimen Presentation of data Persembahan data 17 marks] [17 markah] END OF QUESTION PAPER KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

Answer all questions. Jawab semua soalan.

Answer all questions. Jawab semua soalan. 1 Osmoregulation is the process of regulating water content and salt in the body. The water and salt content in the blood determines the osmotic pressure in the