LECTURE 6 MUSCLES OF TRUNK

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1 LECTURE 6 MUSCLES OF TRUNK

2 Forma tion of somi

3 Formation of somite

4 Formation of somis

5 Formation of somite

6 Sources of muscle development Preotic myotomes Mesoderm of branchial arches Occipital myotomes Trunk myotomes

7 Myotome differentiation (3-5 weeks) somites Formation of somites myoblasts Myoblast migration (give rise to the muscles of extremities) dermatome myotome sclerotome Isolation in the somites dermatome, sclerotome, myotome

8 MUSCLES OF VENTRAL AND DORSAL ORIGIN

9 TRUNK MUSCLES The area of the body Muscle groups Functions Back muscles Superficial Deep The mobility of the upper extremity Movement of the body, maintaining posture Nuchal muscles of the neck Superficial Deep Suboccipital Chest muscles Superficial Deep The mobility of the head & neck, maintaining posture The mobility of the upper extremity Maintenance of posture, breath Diaphragm Abdominal muscles Muscles of the anterior, lateral and posterior abdominal wall Breath The mobility of the trunk Maintenance of posture Breath Abdominal tension Perineal muscles Muscles of the urogenital diaphragm Muscles of the pelvic diaphragm Creation of an abdominal tension

10 Trunk muscles Back muscles Chest muscles Abdominal muscles Back muscles (mm.dorsi) Superficial - m.trapezius - m.latissimus dorsi - m.levator scapulae - m.rhomboideus - m.serratus posterior superior - m.serratus posterior inferior Deep - m.splenius capitis et cervicis - m.erector spinae - m.transversospinalis - m.interspinales Chest muscles (mm.thoracis) Superficial - mm.pectorales major et minor - m.subclavius - m.serratus anterior Deep - mm.intercostales externi et interni - diaphragma

11 ABDOMINAL MUSCLES Muscles of the anterior abdominal wall - m.rectus abdominis - m.pyramidalis Muscles of the lateral abdominal wall - m.obliquus externus abdominis - m.obliquus internus abdominis - m.transversus abdominis Muscles of the posterior abdominal wall - m.quadratus lumborum

12 AUTOCHTHONOUS BACK MUSCLES AND THE MUSCLES - ALIENS

13 SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLES located superficially in 2 layers, developed in association with upper limb attached to the bones of the shoulder girdle and humerus 1-st superficial layer 2-nd superficial layer

14 DEEP BACK MUSCLES - are arranged in 3 layers, - autochthonous muscles - are attached to the skull, spine, ribs superficial layer of deep muscles middle layer of deep muscles deep layer of deep muscles

15 m.erector spinae Three muscles each with three regional parts. 1.m.spinalis:Spinalis thoracis Spinalis cervicis Spinalis capitis 2.m.longissimus:Longi capitis Longi cervicis Longi thoracis 3.m.iliocostalis:Iliocost cervicis Iliocost thoracis Iliocost capitis

16

17 m.transversospinalis Present between spinous process and transverse elements of vertebrae. Components: mm.rotatores: Rotators thoracis Rotators cervicis Rotators capitis mm.multifidi mm.semispinalis: Semi cervicis Semi thoracis Semi capitis

18 Nuchal muscles of the neck (deep) Action: extension of the head, the head tilts

19 Superficial chest muscles developed in connection with the upper limb, connect the upper limb to the thoracic cage

20 m.serratus anterior Origin: upper 8-9 ribs Insertion: medial margin & inferior angle of scapula Action: moves the scapula forward and laterally rotates the scapula participates in the forced inspiratory

21

22

23 Triangles of anterior chest wall

24 Triangles of anterior chest wall

25 DEEP CHEST MUSCLES

26

27 DIAPHRAGMA Costal part Sternal part Sternocostal triangle

28

29

30

31

32

33

34 Abdominal muscles form the basis of the anterior, lateral and posterior abdominal wall Include: m.rectus abdominis, m.obliquus externus abdominis, m.obliquus internus abdominis, m.transversus abdominis, m.pyramidalis, m.qudratus lumborum

35 The abdomen can be divided into nine arbitrary regions by the subcostal and transtubercular planes and the two midclavicular planes projected onto the surface of the body Abdominal regions 9 regions thus formed are: epigastrium; right and left hypochondrium; central or umbilical; right and left lumbar; hypogastrium or suprapubic; right and left iliac fossa.

36 m.obliquus externus abdominis Origin: lower 8 ribs Insertion: the iliac crest, the pubic tubercle Action: flexes the spine down rib rotates the body to the opposite direction

37 m.obliquus internus abdominis Origin: the iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, lateral portion of the inguinal ligament Insertion: lower ribs Action: flexes the spine, ribs down, rotate the body in his side, raises the pelvis

38 MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL ABDOMINAL WALL Origin: 6 lower ribs, deep plate of thoraco-lumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral portion of inguinal ligament Insertion: enters to aponeurosis forming the rectus sheath Action: muscle of abdominal tension MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL Origin: iliac crest, lumbar-iliac ligament, transverse processes of lower lumbar vertabrae Insertion: inferior margin of 12 rib, transverse processes of upper lumbar vertabrae Action: participates in maintenance of the vertical position the spine

39 MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL m.rectus abdominis Origin: pubic pecten, pubuc symphisis Insertion: xiphoid process, cartilages of 5-7 ribs Action: muscle of abdominal tension, flexes the spine raises the pelvis

40 INGUINAL CHANEL

41

42

43

44 INTERNAL SURFACE OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

45

46 POSTERIOR WALL OF THE RECTAL SHEATH

47 WALLS OF THE RECTUS SHEATH AT DIFFERENT LEVELS

48

49 Transverse sections of the rectus sheath seen at three levels. C. Below B. Between the level the costal of the A. margin anterior Above and superior the level costal of iliac the margin. spine anterior and superior above iliac the pubis spine.

50 Places of herniation

51 Hurry to learn Muscles!

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