Does Obesity Affect Outcomes in Hip Arthroscopy? A Matched-Pair Controlled Study with 2-year Minimum Follow-up

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1 Does Obesity Affect Outcomes in Hip Arthroscopy? A Matched-Pair Controlled Study with 2-year Minimum Follow-up Asheesh Gupta, MD 1 John M. Redmond MD 1,3 Jon E. Hammarstedt, BS 1 Christine E. Stake, DHA 1 Benjamin G. Domb, MD 1,2 1. American Hip Institute, 2., 3. Mayo Clinic Jacksonville

2 Disclosures Dr. Benjamin Domb American Hip Institute Research support: o American Hip Institute o Arthrex, Inc. o Mako Surgical Corp. o Breg o ATI o Pacira Consulting: o Arthrex, Inc. o Mako Surgical Corp. o Pacira Stock: o Stryker Royalties: o Arthrex, Inc. o Orthomerica o DJO Global AANA Learning Center Committee Boardmember of American Hip Institute

3 Background Obesity: Increasing rates Poorer outcomes in several orthopedic surgeries Greater risk of surgical site infections

4 Hip Biomechanics Joint reaction force reaches 3-6 times body weight Multiple muscles cross at the joint Excess weight increases demand

5 Purpose Compare two-year clinical outcomes of obese patients undergoing hip arthroscopy to a matched group of normal weight patients

6 Methods Study period: 2/2008 2/2012 Inclusion criteria: o Primary hip arthroscopy o Minimum two-year FU o Radiographs pre and post surgery Exclusion criteria: o Revisions o Previous hip conditions

7 PROs Patient reported outcomes included: Modified Harris hip score (mhhs) Non-arthritic hip score (NAHS) Hip outcome score activities of daily living (HOS-ADL), and sports specific subscale (HOS- SSS). Visual analog scale (VAS)

8 Obesity Categories Normal weight group BMI <25 Obese group BMI >30 Matched pair group was on 2:1 ratio (normal to obese)

9 Matching Criteria

10 Radiographic Measurements

11 Surgical Procedures

12 Results Obese hips=62 Normal weight hips=124 72% Female Average age=42 o No differences in ages between groups Mean BMIs o Obese=33.1 kg/m 2 o Normal=22.7 kg/m 2

13 Results - Outcomes Obese patients: o Significantly lower flexion & internal rotation (p<.05) o Pre-operative PRO scores significantly lower Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in pre to post-op scores (p<.001) No significant difference for delta, or amount of change in scores between groups

14 Results

15

16 Complications & Endpoints Postoperative infections: o 2-normal weight; 3-obese Heterotopic ossification o 0-normal weight; 1-obese Revision Surgery o 5-normal weight; 5-obese Conversion to THA o 6-normal weight; 6-obese

17 Conclusion Obese patients overall lower absolute PRO scores pre-operatively and at 2Y FU Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in all PROs Delta between scores similar between groups Expectations should be adjusted for obese patients

18 References 1. Obesity and overweight. at 2. Yuan K, Chen HL. Obesity and surgical site infections risk in orthopedics: a meta-analysis. International journal of surgery 2013;11: Knutsson B, Michaelsson K, Sanden B. Obesity is associated with inferior results after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis: a study of 2633 patients from the Swedish spine register. Spine 2013;38: Vincent HK, Seay AN, Vincent KR, Atchison JW, Sadasivan K. Effects of obesity on rehabilitation outcomes after orthopedic trauma. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation / Association of Academic Physiatrists 2012;91: Harrison MM, Morrell J, Hopman WM. Influence of obesity on outcome after knee arthroscopy. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 2004;20: Heijne A, Ang BO, Werner S. Predictive factors for 12-month outcome after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 2009;19: Kowalchuk DA, Harner CD, Fu FH, Irrgang JJ. Prediction of patient-reported outcome after single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 2009;25: Dunn WR, Spindler KP, Consortium M. Predictors of activity level 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR): a Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) ACLR cohort study. The American journal of sports medicine 2010;38: Griffith TB, Allen BJ, Levy BA, Stuart MJ, Dahm DL. Outcomes of repeat revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The American journal of sports medicine 2013;41: Christensen CP, Althausen PL, Mittleman MA, Lee JA, McCarthy JC. The nonarthritic hip score: reliable and validated. Clinical orthopaedics and related research 2003: Lodhia P, Slobogean GP, Noonan VK, Gilbart MK. Patient-reported outcome instruments for femoroacetabular impingement and hip labral pathology: a systematic review of the clinimetric evidence. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 2011;27: Tijssen M, van Cingel R, van Melick N, de Visser E. Patient-Reported Outcome questionnaires for hip arthroscopy: a systematic review of the psychometric evidence. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2011;12: Larson CM, Giveans MR. Arthroscopic debridement versus refixation of the acetabular labrum associated with femoroacetabular impingement. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 2009;25: Warrender WJ, Brown OL, Abboud JA. Outcomes of arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs in obese patients. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery / American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [et al] 2011;20: Erdil M, Bilsel K, Sungur M, et al. Does obesity negatively affect the functional results of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy? A retrospective cohort study. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 2013;29:232-7.

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