Index. ESSKA 2018 G. Milano et al. (eds.), Management of Failed Shoulder Surgery,

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1 A Acromial fractures, 186 Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) instability, 55, 97 case study, classification, 85 clinical relevant situations, 86 dislocation, insufficient fixation, operative treatment, 85 osseous structures, failure, patient selection, wrong, separations, 85 surgical procedures, 85 Acromioclavicular osteoarthritis, 212 Adhesive capsulitis, 26 Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASC), 225 Advanced glenohumeral osteoarthritis, 171, 208 Allograft, 45 American baseball pitcher, 51 Anatomical designed arthroplasties, 169 Anatomical shoulder arthroplasty, 158, 177 biomechanics, glenoid implant designs, humeral component, surgical technique, 103 Anterior acromial avulsions, 186 Anterior arthroscopic repair failure causes, 16 evaluation, 16 spectrum of disease, 15 treatment, Anteriorly dislocated RSA, 178 Anterior shoulder instability, 3, 113, 128, 179 Anterior shoulder stabilization, 4 Anterior unipennate deltoid atrophy, 178 Antibiotic suppression therapy, 189 Arthroscopic Bankart repair, 15 Arthroscopic posterior bone block procedure, Arthroscopic SLAP repair, 91 Arthroscopic surgical technique, 9, 20, 76, 97, 212 advantages, 38 Aseptic component loosening, Autologous conditioned plasma (ACP) injection, 242 B Baseplate (metaglene) failure, 165, 166 Bennett lesion, 55 Biceps-labral complex (BLC), 78 Biceps tenodesis, 94 Bicipital groove, 93 Biochemical augmentation, rotator cuff repairs, 224, 225 Biological rotator cuff repair, 202, 203 Biologic augmentation, rotator cuff repairs, 220 biochemical (see Biochemical augmentation) biocompatibility, 220 biomechanical (see Biomechanical augmentation, rotator cuff repairs) classification, 219 healing response, 219 structural stability, 220 tendon-to-bone healing, 243 Biomechanical augmentation, rotator cuff repairs, 201, 202 allografts, 223 biceps tendon, 221 biological scaffolds, 220 clinical trials, 220 fascia lata, 221 in vitro and in vivo, 223 latissimus dorsi transfer, 221 muscle quality and tendon retraction, 221 pseudoparalysis and humeral head upper migration, 221 reparable tear, 221 scaffold categories, 220 synthetic patches, 222 synthetic scaffolds, 220 tear-related factors, 220, 221 xenografts, 222, 223 Bone augmentation, 3, 8 Bone block procedures, 35, 38, 45 Bone marrow (BM) stimulation, 224 Bone-prosthesis interface, 157 Bone tumors, 158 Brachial plexus injury, 112 ESSKA 2018 G. Milano et al. (eds.), Management of Failed Shoulder Surgery, 245

2 246 C Capsulolabral injuries, 15, 54 Charnley prosthesis, 156 Chondral lesions, 26 Constant-Murley score scale, 158 Constant score (CS), 232 Cross adduction test, 57 D Deltoid-sparing approach, 230 Deltopectoral approach, 116, 122, 141, 170, 178, 187, 190 Disabled throwing shoulder (DTS), conservative treatment, glenohumeral rotation alterations, 53 kinetic chain alterations, 52 pathoanatomy, pathology, 52 scapular dynamic dysfunction, 52 surgical treatment acromioclavicular joint pathology, 63 labral injuries and instability, 58 outcomes, 58 postoperative rehabilitation, 58 rotator cuff tears, SLAP and biceps lesions, Dislocation of prosthesis, 166 Displaced scapular spine fractures, 186 E Eccentric glenohumeral osteoarthritis, 158 Epileptic seizures, 6 Evidence based medicine, 229 F Failed anatomical shoulder replacements, 163, 167 Failed arthroscopic anterior instability repair, 37 Failed reverse shoulder arthroplasty antibiotics, 190 vancomycin, 191 Failed rotator cuff repair acromioplasty, 238 aggressive postoperative rehabilitation, 235 anatomic techniques, 243 arthroscopic re-revision, 235, 241, 242 biodegradable anchor, 239, 241, 243 biologic augmentation, arthroscopic re-revision, 243 causes, 235 clinical evaluation, 239, 240 conservative strategies, 242 cuff augmentation, 241 cuff biology, 243 general anesthesia, 240 LHB tenotomy, 239 management, 239 palliative surgeries, 242 porcine dermal extracellular matrix, 242 posterosuperior cuff evaluation, 240 postoperative rehabilitation, 238 prognostic studies, 239 range of motion, 235, 240 recurrent tears, 239 rehabilitation program, 235 revision surgery, 238 soft tissue quality, 235 subacromial space exposure, 237, 238 superior and inferior release of the torn tendons, 238 surgical factors, 239 surgical procedure, 239 sutures management, 241 tendon-bone interface, 242 tendon integrity, 238 treatment strategy, 236, 239 Failed rotator cuff syndrome active range of motion, 219 biological augmentation, 219 insufficient biological healing and tension overload, 219 pain, 219 tendon-bone architecture, 219 Fracture-dislocations, 158 Frankle prosthesis, 156 Fuchs index, 221 G Generalized ligament laxity (GLL), 24 Gerber technique, 231 Gervasi s technique, 232 Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD), 53 Glenohumeral (GH) joint, 3 dislocation, 169 Glenoid, 184, 185 bone grafting, 172 bone loss, 173, 174 bone stock, 183, 184 contained defects, 184 uncontained defects, 185 component aseptic loosening, 183 component fixation, 155 defect, 35 erosion, 170, 192 exposure, 124 implantation, 173 inferior placement, 171 labrum, 73 morphology, 171 osteotomy, 32 porous metals and coatings, 172 post/central screw, 172 trabecular metal, 173 Glenosphere design, 170, 171 Glenosphere eccentricity, 170 Goutallier index, 221

3 247 Graft osteolysis, 24 Grammont design, 170 Grammont reverse shoulder prosthesis, 156, 169 Growth factors, tendon healing, 243 H Healing process, biology, 229 Hematoma, 164, 181 Hemiarthroplasty (HA), 135, 139 Hill Sachs lesion, 17, 38 Human dermal allograft/autograft fascia lata, 208 Humeral component loosening, 183, 184 Humeral diaphysis, 142 Humeral head and subchondral sclerosis, 190 Humeral hemiarthroplasty, 136 Humeral implants modularity, 156 shoulder arthroplasty, 172, 173 Humerus fracture, 135 I Infected peri-prosthetic fracture, 182 Inferior glenoid positioning, 170 Infraspinatus (IS) insufficiency, 229 Infraspinatus and teres minor muscles, 158 Intra-articular tenodesis, 210 LHB tendon, 209, 210 Intra-articular vision after LHB tenodesis, 210 Intraoperative fractures, 130 Inverted prosthesis, 156 J Jefferson prosthesis, 155 Jobe relocation test, 58 Joint aspiration, 194 K Kaplan Meier survival curve, 159 L Latarjet procedure, 20 Latissimus dorsi transfer (LDT) anterior deltoid damage, 232 anterosuperior rotator cuff tears, 232, 233 arthroscopic technique, 230 biomechanical characteristics, 230 cadaver dissection, 231 capsular release, 231 coracohumeral ligament, 231 deltoid integrity, 230 humeral attachment, 231 humeral head in posterior-superior rotator cuff tears, 230 in irreparable cuff tears, 231 mini-open muscular release and tendon detachment, 230 patient characteristics, 231 range of motion, 230 revision procedure, 232 salvage procedure, 232 shoulder biomechanics, 230 subscapularis tear treatment, 233 surgical techniques, 231 Litigation system, 177 Long head of biceps tendon (LHBT), 55, 60 adhesions/degenerative signs, 209 anatomy and pathology extra-articular lesions, inside lesions, junction lesions, origins and morphology, 73 lesions types, 74 intra-articular tenodesis, 209 persistent shoulder affection, 209 subpectoral tenodesis, 210 surgical technique, 209 tenotomy, tenotomy, 210 M Mechanical baseplate failure, 169 Medial glenohumeral ligament (MGHL), 211 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), 224 Modified Mason-Allen technique, 237 Modified McLaughlin procedure, Multidirectional instability (MDI) comprehensive nonoperative treatment, 23 conservative treatment, glenohumeral joint, 23 postoperative complications adhesive capsulitis, 26 bone graft healing, 24 neurological deficits, 26 osteoarthritis and chondral lesions, painful hardware, 25 recurrent instability, 27 rehabilitation, 25 prevalence, 23 surgical management arthroscopic posterior bone block procedure, modified McLaughlin procedure, open posterior bone block procedure, posterior capsule-labral complex repair, scapula neck, posterior osteotomy of, treatment, 23 N Neurologic injury, 163, 169

4 248 O Open anterior instability repair, Open Bankart repair, 19 Open Latarjet procedure, 45 Open posterior bone block procedure, 30 Open repair clinical approach and diagnostics, surgical failure, 19 surgical planning, 20 surgical revision options, Osteoarthritis (OA), 26, 55 Osteolysis, 193, 196 Osteotomy, 142 P Painful inferior scapular notching, 187 Pectoralis major (PM), 230, 233 Percutaneous intra-articular transtendon tenodesis (PITT), 61 Periprosthetic fracture, 163, 164, 184 Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), 148, 189 Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), 224 Popeye deformity, 78 Posterior capsule-labral complex repair, Posterior instability (PI), 113, 128 comprehensive nonoperative treatment, 23 conservative treatment (see Multidirectional instability (MDI)) prevalence, 23 surgical treatment, 23, 28 Postoperative humerus fractures, 130 Postoperative rehabilitation, 149 Postoperative rotator cuff tear, 139 Preoperative hyperlaxity, 114 Preoperative instability, 113 Propionibacteria culture-positive failed arthroplasties, 189, 191 Proprioception, 25 Prosthetic instability, 171, 177, 178 altered kinematics, 178 articular constraint, 177, 178 early instability management, 179 implant malposition, 178 late instability management, 179, 180 subluxation/maltracking, 178 surgical approach, 178 Prosthetic overhang, 170, 172 Proximal humerus fracture, 139 Pseudo-neurologic pattern, 41 R Range of motion (ROM), 42, 46 Recurrent anterior instability, 35 Remplissage, 9, 17, 20, 21, 36, 118 Resurfacing, Reverse prosthesis concept, 132, 156, 230 Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA), 136, 139, 147, 190 anatomical replacement, 156 baseplate failure, 163 biomechanical studies, 155 bone fracture, 163 complication management, 163, 169 fracture design, 165 glenoid bone stock, 158 hematoma postoperative infection, 163 implant designs, 155, 156, 167 indications, 158, 159 infection, 164 instability (dislocation), irreparable rotator cuff tears, 159 kinematics, 157 and latissimus dorsi transfer, 158 medialization principles, 159 neurologic complications, 163 pain reduction, 169 painful rotator cuff arthropathy, 163 reverse prostheses, 158 revision RSA, 164, 191 rotator-cuff arthropathy, 167 rotator cuff tears, 163, 167 scapular notching, 155, 163 superior capsule reconstruction, 158 surgical technique, survivorship rate, 158 Reverse shoulder configuration, 195 Revision instability surgery, 3 Revision rotator cuff surgery, 207, 238 Revision shoulder arthroplasties, 189 Revision surgery, 27, 149 Rheumatoid arthritis, 158 Rotator cuff deficiency, 139, 169, 229 Rotator cuff failure, 128 Rotator cuff insufficiency, 193 Rotator cuff repair anterior interval slide, 215 biological factors, biomechanical factors, 201, 202 clinical evaluation, 208 diagnostic inaccuracies, 207 failed tendon healing, 207 incidence, 201 indications, 208 infections, 214 LHBT tendinopathy, 209 management, 208 medical comorbidities, 208 nicotine usage, 208 patient positioning, 208, 209 persistent shoulder function impairment, 209 physical therapy, 208 physiologic shoulder mechanics, 209 porcine dermal patch scaffold implantation,

5 249 posterior interval slide, 216 postoperative outcome, 208 postoperative rehabilitation, 217 preoperative/postoperative injections, 208 prevalence, 201 radiological evaluation, 208 recurrence/persistence, 214, 215 shoulder dysfunction and pain, 201 superior capsular reconstruction, 208 surgical complications, 207 technical errors, 207 tendon healing, 208 therapeutic strategy, 208 traumatic postoperative events, 207 S Salvage procedures, rotator cuff repair revision, 225 Scapular dyskinesis, 52, 53 Scapular fracture, 169 Scapular notching, 157, 166, 167, 169, 170, 186 and external rotation deficit, 174 Semi-constrained RSA eccentric shoulder osteoarthritis, 155 irreparable rotator cuff tears, 155 rheumatic diseases, 155 trauma, 155 Septic complications, Severe rotator cuff arthropathy, 208 Shoulder fractures, 164 Shoulder instability case presentation, classifications, 41 functional impairment, 155 recurrence of, 19 repair inadequate treatment, 6 misdiagnosis, 4 5 patient-related failure, 5 6 surgical treatment failure, 4 traumatic injuries, 10 Shoulder stabilization, 3 Shoulder stiffness, 213, 214 Soft tissue release, 122, 123 Stemless anatomical arthroplasty, 105 Subacromial preparation, 215 Subjective shoulder value (SSV), 232 Subpectoral tenodesis, 62, 80 LHB tendon, 210, 211 Subscapularis failure, 178 Subscapularis repair, double row technique, 213 Subscapularis-sparing surgical techniques, 125 Subscapularis tendon, 116, 214 and fixation, 213 Sugaya s classification, 237, 242 Superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) effect, 224, 225 Superior instability, 114 Superior labrum, 93 Superior labrum from anterior to posterior (SLAP), 54, 58 61, 91 diagnostic errors, isolated lesion, 67 physiotherapy, 92 repair, 75, 94 surgical treatment, treatment, 67 Superolateral approach, 178 Supra- /infraspinatus repair, 216, 217 Suprapectoral biceps tenodesis, 80, 94 Suprascapular nerve palsy, 229 Supraspinatus (SS) insufficiency, 229 Supraspinatus tendon defect, 236 Supraspinatus tendon repair, 210, 211 augmentation, 222, 223 T Tenodesis, 68, Tenotomy, 68, 78 Throwers paradox, 51 Total shoulder arthroplasties (TSA), 105, 190 anatomic, 127 anterior instability, 113 axillary nerve, 112 capsulotomy, 117 causes of failure, fractures, 111 glenoid loosening, 111 infection, instability, nerve injury, 112 complications, 111 component loosening glenoid loosening, humeral loosening, degenerative conditions, shoulder, 193 failure prevention, adequate capsulotomy, glenoid implant preparation and positioning, 118 humeral implant, 118 humerus preparation, 118 indication to surgery, 115 mismatch, 118 patient information, 115 patient positioning, postoperative care, 118 preoperative planning, 115 rotator cuff of, intraoperative assessment, 117 rotator cuff, reinsertion of, 118 subscapularis release, surgical approach, 116

6 250 Total shoulder arthroplasties (TSA) (cont.) glenoid malpositioning, 197 humeral fracture, 112 indications, 107 infections, inferior instability, 114, intraoperative fractures, 130 musculocutaneous nerve, 112 neurologic injuries, 131 operative procedure, 194 osteolysis, 197 polyethylene wear, 193, 196, 197 postoperative fractures, 130 postoperative rehabilitation protocol, 196 preoperative CT scan, 113 preoperative planning, 122 rehabilitation protocol, 194 revision surgery, 132, 193 rotator cuff failure, 128 superior instability, 114 trauma/surgical errors, 193 uncemented metal-backed glenoid components, 193 Trauma-related arthroplasties, 189 X Xenograft augmentation with standard repairs, 220

D Degenerative joint disease, rotator cuff deficiency with, 149 Deltopectoral approach component removal with, 128

D Degenerative joint disease, rotator cuff deficiency with, 149 Deltopectoral approach component removal with, 128 Index A Abduction exercise, outpatient with, 193, 194 Acromioclavicular arthritis, with, 80 Acromiohumeral articulation, with, 149 Acromio-humeral interval (AHI), physical examination with, 9, 10 Active

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