In-Depth Foundations: Anatomy Terms to Know

Transcription

1 Be familiar with / able to identify and define all the following parts. The Spine Cranium Vertebrae Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar Sacrum Coccyx Bones of Upper Body Cranium Mastoid process; Occipital condyle, Zygomatic arch; Orbit; sutures Hyoid Scapula Clavicle Sternum, Xiphoid Process, Manubrium Ribs Scapula Spine Glenohumeral joint Glenoid fossa Acromion Coracoid process Medial & Lateral borders or margins Humerus Head of the humerus Lateral and medial epicondyle Radius Head of the radius Ulna Carpals

2 Metacarpals (1-5) Phalanges (Proximal, Middle, Distal) Anterior Longitudinal Ligament Muscles of the Upper Body Sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) Levetor Scapulae Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi Rhomboids Deltoids Rotator Cuff: (SITS) Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis Teres Major Coracobrachialis Biceps Brachii Serratus Anterior Pectoralis major Breathing muscles Diaphragm Intercostals Abdominals Rectus Abdominus Internal Oblique External Oblique Transversus Abdominis Quadratus Lumborum Erector Spinae

3 Bones of Lower Body Hip Pelvis, Sacrum & Coccyx Pelvis Ilium, Ischium, Pubis Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) (iliac crest, iliac fossa) Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS) Pubic Symphysis Ischial Tuberosity Sacroiliac (SI) joint Sacrum Coccyx Femur Head, neck, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter Shaft Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Lateral condyle Medial condyle Patella Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Meniscus, lateral and medial (cartilage of knee) Tibia and Fibula 26 Bones of the Foot: Proximal Phalanx of the great toe Distal Phalanx of great toe Distal Phalanges (4) Middle Phalanges (4) Proximal Phalanges (4) 1st-5th Metatarsals Tarsals Calcaneus Talus Talocrural joint

4 Muscles of Lower Body Pelvis Psoas, major & minor Origin T-12 thru L-5, inserts at lesser trochanter Iliacus (Iliopsoas) Gluteus Maximus (gluteus, greek for rump ) Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fasciae Latae Iliotibial Band (IT Band) (tendon) Piriformis Quadriceps (aka Quadriceps Femoris) Vastus Intermedius (vastus is latin for immense ) Vastus Medialis Vastus Lateralis Rectus Femoris These four converge into single tendon above the knee; the tendon connects to top and sides of patella before attaching to tibial tuberosity. Therefore, patellar tendon = patellar ligament (b/c attaches patella to tibia) Gracilis (only adductor that crosses the knee) Adductor Magnus & other Adductors all adduct hip, all medially rotate the hip (coxal joint); all except gracilis assist to flex the hip; the gracilis flexes and medially rotates the knee. Sartorius Longest muscle in body Hamstrings look at origins and insertions Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Lower Leg Gastrocnemius Calcaneal tendon (Achilles heel) Soleus Peronius (eversion)

5 Tibialis Anterior & Posterior Other structures of lower body: Sciatic Nerve Digestive Organs [where they are and main function of each] salivary glands esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine liver pancreas gall bladder rectum Endocrine Glands [where they are and main function of each] pineal pituitary thyroid parathyroids thymus adrenals pancreas ovaries testes