The Skeletal System. Parts of the skeletal system. Bones (Skeleton) Joints Cartilages Ligaments
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1 The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system Bones (Skeleton) Joints Cartilages Ligaments
2 Functions of the Bones Support Internal framework of the body Protection Skull and vertebrae protect brain and spinal cord Rib cage protects thoracic cavity organs Movement Muscles attached to bones by tendons produce movement Storage Store minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus Store fat in the internal marrow cavity Blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)
3 Subdivisions of the Skeletal System The skeletal system is divided into two subdivisions: Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton
4 Axial Skeleton Forms the longitudinal axis of the body Divided into three parts: Skull Cranium Facial Bones Hyoid Bone Vertebral column Cervical vertebrae Thoracic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae Sacrum and Coccyx Thoracic cage Skull Thoracic cage (ribs and sternum) Vertebral column Sacrum Ribs and Sternum (and thoracic vertebrae) Cranium Facial bones
5 Skull Two sets of bones form the skull Cranium bones Enclose and protect the brain Facial bones Hold eyes in anterior position Allow facial muscles to express feelings Bones of the skull are joined by sutures Interlocking, immovable joints Only the mandible (jawbone) is attached by a freely movable joint
6 Cranial Bones There are 8 cranial bones in the skull: Parietal (2) Temporal (2) Frontal Occipital Sphenoid Ethmoid Frontal bone Parietal bone Sphenoid bone Temporal bone Ethmoid bone Occipital bone Maxilla Mandible
7 Facial Bones There are 14 facial bones in the skull (you only need to know 2 of them): Maxilla Mandible Parietal bone Temporal bone Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone Occipital bone Maxilla Mandible
8 Vertebral Column (Spine) Vertebral column provides axial support Extends from skull to the pelvis Surrounds and protects the spinal cord The individual vertebrae are separated by intervertebral discs Fibrocartilage that absorbs shock while allowing flexibility
9 Vertebral Column (Spine) 26 Vertebrae: 7 Cervical vertebrae Breakfast at 7 am 12 Thoracic vertebrae Lunch at 12 pm 5 Lumbar vertebrae Dinner at 5 pm Sacrum fusion of 5 vertebrae Coccyx fusion of 3 5 vertebrae Intervertebral disc Posterior Cervical 7 vertebrae, C 1 C 7 Thoracic 12 vertebrae, T 1 T 12 Lumbar 5 vertebrae, L 1 L 5 Sacral 5 fused vertebrae Coccyx 4 fused vertebrae
10 Vertebral Column (Spine) Atlas 1st cervical vertebrae Allows you to nod yes Axis 2nd cervical vertebrae 1st cervical vertebra (atlas) 2nd cervical vertebra (axis) Allows you to rotate your head from side to side to indicate no Intervertebral disc Posterior Cervical curvature (concave) 7 vertebrae, C 1 C 7 Thoracic curvature (convex) 12 vertebrae, T 1 T 12 Lumbar curvature (concave) 5 vertebrae, L 1 L 5 Sacral curvature (convex) 5 fused vertebrae Coccyx 4 fused vertebrae
11 Thoracic Cage The thoracic cage protects organs of the thoracic cavity Consists of three parts Sternum Ribs True ribs (7 pairs) Attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilage False ribs (5 pairs) Attach indirectly to the sternum Floating ribs (2 pairs) Lack sternal attachments Thoracic vertebrae
12 T 1 vertebra Sternum True ribs (1 7) False ribs (8 12) Intercostal spaces Floating ribs (11, 12) L 1 vertebra Costal cartilage
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