Gross Anatomy Coloring Book Series. Lower Extremity Arteries

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1 Gross Anatomy Coloring Book Series Lower Extremity Arteries

2 1 Femoral Artery and Associated Branches For the life of the flesh is in the blood. Leviticus 17:11

3 Femoral Artery and Associated Branches After passing under the inguinal ligament, the external iliac artery becomes the femoral artery. All of the blood responsible for nourishing the cells of the lower extremity passes through this large arterial structure. Although large in diameter, the femoral artery is relatively short. It quickly branches into 4 arterial structures near the lesser trochanter of the femur. One of these branches, the superficial femoral artery, continues distally along the medial border of the femur, where it dives posteriorly through the adductor hiatus and becomes the popliteal artery. We will examine this artery in the next section. The remaining branches divide and anastomose to provide collateral blood flow to the proximal femoral region and thigh. Please see the femoral artery structure list on the following page: 2

4 Femoral a. Structure List: 1. Femoral a. a. Medial femoral circumflex a. b. Lateral femoral circumflex a. d. Superficial femoral a. i. descending genicular a. ii. popliteal a. (continuation of superficial femoral artery) i. ascending br. ii. transverse br. iii. descending br. c. Deep femoral a. (profunda femoris a.) i. muscular branches (not shown) ii. perforating branches 3

5 2 Popliteal Artery and Associated Branches Blood, toil, sweat and tears always were a good mixture Max Perutz

6 Popliteal Artery and Associated Branches After passing through the adductor hiatus, the superficial femoral artery changes names and becomes the popliteal artery. You can rest easy in the assumption that the popliteal artery is visible from a posterior view only, while the superficial femoral artery is visible from an anterior view only. This is assuming that the adductor magnus remains intact. The popliteal artery not only gives rise to several genicular arteries, providing collateral circulation to the knee, but it also gives rise to the three major arteries of the lower leg. You will find that in many texts structures located near the fibula are designated using the term peroneal. In this text we will be using the more accurate term, fibular. Keep in mind then, that a structure such as the fibular artery, may often be referred to as the peroneal artery in older texts. Please see the structure list on the following page: 5

7 Popliteal a. Structure List 1. Popliteal a. a. Superior medial genicular a. b. Superior lateral genicular a. c. Inferior medial genicular a. d. Inferior lateral genicular a. e. Anterior tibial a. Although not shown in this illustration, many anastomoses occur between the genicular arteries anterior to the knee. This provides for continuous blood flow to the knee region regardless of knee position. After giving rise to the genicular arteries, the popliteal artery quickly divides and gives rise to three major arteries of the lower leg: the anterior tibial artery, tibial artery, and fibular artery. f. Tibial a. g. Fibular (peroneal) a. 6

8 3 Dorsal Arteries of the Foot Generations to come, it may well be, will scarce believe that such a man as this one ever in flesh and blood walked upon this Earth. Albert Einstein

9 Dorsal Arteries of the Foot After passing between the tibia and fibula, the anterior tibial artery travels distally along the anterior border of the tibia. As it approaches the talocrural (ankle) joint it gives rise to a medial and lateral malleolar artery named for the medial and lateral malleoli respectively. After the malleolar arteries depart from the ant. tibial artery, a name change occurs. The ant. tibial a. becomes the dorsalis pedis artery. When trying to identify this arterial structure on your cadaver, find the extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus tendons. If you look between these two tendons you will find the dorsalis pedis artery. Clinically this structure serves as a location to take an important pulse reading. This pulse is known as the pedal pulse and is important in many lower extremity circulatory disorders often relating to Diabetes Mellitus. From here the arteries of the foot branch extensively. Please see the structure list on the following page. 8

10 Dorsal Arteries of the Foot Structure List: 1. Anterior tibial a. 2. Medial malleolar a. 3. Lateral malleolar a. 4. Dorsalis pedis a. 5. Lateral tarsal a. Keep in mind that this is not an all inclusive list of dorsal arteries of the foot. You may find that there is some discrepancy in the names used to identify certain arteries not identified in the image above. This structure list should be more than sufficient in most courses and clinical applications however. 6. Arcuate a. a. Dorsal metatarsal arteries i. Dorsal digital arteries 9

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