Soft tissue biomechanics
|
|
- Tyler Knight
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Soft tissue biomechanics Caroline Öhman Pula, 22/06-08
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction to soft tissues Tendon and ligaments Introduction Composition Function and structure In vitro testing Stress-strain curves mechanisms Failure modes Visco-elasticity 2
3 INTRODUCTION The human body is composed of many different kinds of soft tissue: cartilages; epithelial tissues; menisci; inter-vertebral disks; muscles; nervous tissues; ligaments; adipose tissue; tendons, etc. 3
4 INTRODUCTION Common properties of soft tissues: Negligible mineral content => low stiffness Large content of water (up to 90%) Organic components (collagen, elastin, proteoglycans) always present Mainly extra-cellular matrix Cellule: fibroblasts and fibrocytes (and derived cells) Visco-elastic behaviour is very pronounced BUT, different functions and structures: support (articular cartilage, menisci); filling (elastic cartilage); storage of resources, thermal protection (adipose tissue); protection, absorption, diffusion (epithelial tissues); mechanical connection (ligaments, tendons and muscles). 4
5 INTRODUCTION Common properties of soft tissues: Negligible mineral content => low stiffness Large content of water (up to 90%) Organic components (collagen, elastin, proteoglycans) always present Mainly extra-cellular matrix Cellule: fibroblasts and fibrocytes (and derived cells) Visco-elastic behaviour is very pronounced BUT, different structures and functions : support (articular cartilage, menisci); filling (elastic cartilage); storage of resources, thermal protection (adipose tissue); protection, absorption, diffusion (epithelial tissues); mechanical connection (ligaments, tendons and muscles). 5
6 INTRODUCTION Soft tissues that will not be dealt with in this lesson: MUSCLE TISSUES Mechanical properties as defined so far are passive properties (elastic, plastic, visco-elastic) Mechanical response of muscles predominantly depends on their active function Difficult extract and conserve muscle tissue without degenerating its properties Muscles are not isolated bodies, there may be an interaction with one or several contiguous muscles 6
7 TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS Tendons: connect a skeletal bone to a muscle: transmitting muscle force Ligaments: in joints, linking two bones Ligaments & tendons are similar: Both transmit longitudinal loads Almost only tensile Wrapped in a layer of loose connective tissue (allow sliding with little friction) Muscle Tendon Ligaments Bones Ligaments & tendons are different: Tendons act very often: transmit muscle forces (for motion, locomotion, etc.) Ligaments loaded heavily only occasionally: to avoid joint damage (dislocation, etc.) 7
8 FUNCTION AND ANATOMY OF TENDONS Each muscle has one, both or none extremity connected to a tendon Long and with a quite constant section, different possible cross sections: Rounded cylindrical Flattened Severely loaded muscles (e.g. quadriceps) have short and thick tendons Muscles performing precise motion with light loads (e.g. flexors and extensors of hand have long, slender tendons Biomechanical functions: Avoid excessive muscle length Localize muscles in areas where they do not interfere (e.g. hand) Absorb shocks and minimize impulsive load on muscles 8
9 COMPOSITION OF TENDONS Composite material 1=> Reinforcement: Bundles of collagen fibres (50-80% volume => yellow) Aligned with load (along tendon) Optimised for axial loading Little resistance to transverse loads 2=> Matrix: Proteoglycans (2-10%) Elastin (2-5%) Supports fibres and shares load between fibres Ties fibres together 3=> Cellule: Tenoblasts: (similar to fibroblasts) build the matrix Tenocytes: derive from tenoblasts, inside tissue 4=> Nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic 9
10 FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE OF TENDONS Most of load directly transmitted by collagen fibers Fibers progressively stretched and recruited 10
11 LIGAMENTS AND TENDONS:COMPOSITION Tendons and ligaments have similar composition: Mainly made of collagen Different arrangement of the fibers 11
12 FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE OF LIGAMENTS Similar composition to tendons Different arrangement of collagen fibers: More wavy Arranged in layers Initially compliant, then stiffening 12
13 BONE INSERTIONS OF TENDONS & LIGAMENTS Collagen fibers (of both ligaments & tendons) extend below bone surface: This fibrocartilage extends inside bone: In some cases transition to calcified tissue is sharp In other cases a gradient of mineralization is found along the collagen fibres: Gradient of mechanical properties (stiffness increase with %mineral) Transition minimizes stress concentration due to discontinuity 13
14 MUSCLE INSERTION OF TENDONS Collagen fibres of tendon extend across the insertion into the muscle Mechanical strength: Stress concentration is reduced Interface for transmission of force is one order of magnitude larger than cross section of tendon 14
15 IN VITRO TESTING OF TENDONS & LIGAMENTS Different specimen geometries can be tested: whole complex (bone-tendon-muscle or bone-ligament-bone) single tendon or ligament single fascicles Problems with not whole complex: Difficult to cut a specimen without damaging material texture Excised specimens difficult to clamp without causing stress concentrations (cutting failure) 15
16 TESTS ON BONE-TENDON TENDON-MUSCLE & BONE-LIGAMENT LIGAMENT-BONE COMPLEX Considering ligaments/tendons with surrounding structures: Failures in tendons may occur: Bone-tendon interface Muscle-tendon interface In central part of tendon Possible failure sites in ligaments: Bone-ligament interface (high speed) Core of ligament (low speed) Muscle Tendon Ligaments Bones 16
17 DEFINING AND MEASURING DIMENSIONS Cross section needed to compute stress: Area & geometry of cross section are not constant along ligaments Difficult to assure precise measurements Length needed to compute strain: Pre-tensioning of fibres are lost during dissection Preferable to measure deformation on the central portion 17
18 STRESS-STRAIN STRAIN CURVES OF TENDONS & LIGAMENTS Under physiological stress: Tendons: Transmit muscle loads Minimal dissipation required for cyclic loads (e.g. walking) Ligaments: Must be very compliant in physiological range (must not hinder motion) => no muscle work Must become stiff if joint is close to dislocation 18
19 DIRECTION DEPENDENT Longitudinal-transverse testing Medial collateral ligament Tendons and ligaments have an anisotropic structure: work almost only in tension along axis of ligament/tendon 19
20 MECHANISM BEHIND STRESS-STRAIN STRAIN CURVES Qualitatively similar regions in stress-strain curve in tendons and ligaments: (MPA) 100 Stress 0-A) First part has increasing slope (stiffening): Uncoiling and straightening collagen fibers PATELLAR TENDON A B Tangent Modulus C III II I Strain (%) FAILURE LINEAR TOE Shear motion of the hydrophilic gel surrounding collagen fibres Tendons: up to 1.5-4% stretch Muscle pre-tension sufficient to exceed this part to avoid slack Ligaments: stress <3MPa No relevant muscle work 20
21 MECHANISM BEHIND STRESS-STRAIN STRAIN CURVES Qualitatively similar regions in stress-strain curve in tendons and ligaments: (MPA) 100 Stress A-B) Almost-linear response for increasing stress Complete straightening of collagen fibers PATELLAR TENDON A Tangent Modulus Strain (%) At the end of this region: small drop of stress: first collagen fibers get damaged Tendons: the region tendons are cycling during physiological activity Linear, highly reversible: elastic energy accumulated is released when unloading B C III II I FAILURE LINEAR TOE Ligaments: the normal field of action for constraining motion in normal tasks Ligament response becomes stiffer (=quicker) to avoid dislocation 21
22 MECHANISM BEHIND STRESS-STRAIN STRAIN CURVES Qualitatively similar regions in stress-strain curve in tendons and ligaments: (MPA) 100 Stress B-C) Progressive damage, up to failure PATELLAR TENDON A B Tangent Modulus C III II I Strain (%) FAILURE LINEAR TOE This stress level is reached only in trauma conditions Tendons: stress = MPa (10-15% strain) Ligaments: similar stress; larger strain, up to 70% In physiological conditions applied stress never exceed 1/3-1/4 of failure stress 22
23 DAMAGE & FAILURE 1 Reversible strain (physiological loading): Fibers progressively stretched and recruited Slope is increasing Tends to become linear POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT 2 First fibers fail: First damage when curve still linear Load fluctuates 3 Peak load: most fibers stretched & ready to fail 4 Residual strength after damage: Ligament length is irreversibly increased (joint is loose) 23
24 VISCO-ELASTICITY Both ligaments and tendons show visco-elastic behavior: Much more pronounced in ligaments (dissipative) than tendons (almost-reversible) Visco-elastic tests: Hysteresis Asymptotic relaxation 24
25 VISCO-ELASTICITY Conditioning for cyclic loading: Drifting of stress-strain curves for the first cycles Then stabilizing 25
26 VISCO-ELASTICITY Strain rate affects: Slope of stress-strain curve (apparent stiffness) Failure load Force high-rate low-rate Extension 26
27 TENDONS & LIGAMENTS : CHANGES WITH AGE Rapid change of mechanical properties adolescent/adult Bone insertions are weaker initially (adolescent), then exceed the strength of ligament/tendon bulk part. Failure mode tends to shift: Avulsion of insertion site (adolescent) Failure of mid-portion (adult) 27
28 TENDONS & LIGAMENTS : CHANGES WITH AGE Progressive change of mechanical properties with ageing in adult Size of collagen fibrils increase with age Stiffness and ultimate load decrease with age 28
29 TENDONS & LIGAMENTS : ADAPTATION TO MECHANICAL STRESS Like all tissues: Increased material properties and cross-section in case of increased stress Decreased in case of immobilization Rapid resorption process (weeks-months) Healing and recovery slower - faster for ligament/tendon tissue, slower for bone insertion 29
30 Thank You 30
Introduction to Biomedical Engineering
Introduction to Biomedical Engineering FW 16/17, AUT Biomechanics of tendons and ligaments G. Rouhi Biomechanics of tendons and ligaments Biomechanics of soft tissues The major soft tissues in musculoskeletal
More informationCentre of Mechanics of Biological Materials - CMBM
Centre of Mechanics of Biological Materials - CMBM MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF THE DEEP FASCIAE Head of the Centre Prof. Arturo N. Natali Collaborator Prof. Piero G. Pavan From the basic researches to the clinical
More informationMuscle-Tendon Mechanics Dr. Ted Milner (KIN 416)
Muscle-Tendon Mechanics Dr. Ted Milner (KIN 416) Muscle Fiber Geometry Muscle fibers are linked together by collagenous connective tissue. Endomysium surrounds individual fibers, perimysium collects bundles
More informationWhat is histology? HISTOLOGY
Introduction to Histology What is histology? HISTOLOGY histo = tissue ogy = study So HISTOLOGY = the study of tissues! What is a TISSUE? Tissues are groups of cells with specialized structural and functional
More informationTissues organs system organism. pg151
Histology is the study of tissues A TISSUE is a group of cells, usually of one kind, & their intercellular substance (e.g. intercellular matrix in animal) which are linked together & perform a particular
More informationTOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY (TKA)
TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY (TKA) 1 Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Design 2 Femur Medial and lateral condyles Convex, asymmetric Medial larger than lateral 3 Tibia Tibial plateau Medial tibial condyle: concave
More informationTISSUE. A group of cells that perform a similar function within an organism. Epithelium Connective Muscle Nervous CREDITS
TISSUE A group of cells that perform a similar function within an organism. Epithelium Connective Muscle Nervous CREDITS Epithelium Connective Muscle Nervous Epithelium Composed of a layer of cells. Lines
More informationLesson 9A Tissues in Animals
Lesson 9A Tissues in Animals Levels of Organization in the Human Body Similar types of cells Different types of tissues Different organs Many organ systems cell tissue organ organ system organism Levels
More informationIntroduction to soft tissues
Modelli Costitutivi dei Materiali Corso di Laurea in Ingegneria Biomedica Pavia, 2013 Introduction to soft tissues Ferdinando Auricchio 1 2 3 4 1 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Architettura, Università
More informationStudy of different tissues Abnormal cells and tissues can be compared to normal tissues to identify disease, such as cancer Being able to know and
CHAPTER 4 Study of different tissues Abnormal cells and tissues can be compared to normal tissues to identify disease, such as cancer Being able to know and recognize normal tissues under the microscope
More informationTissue Outline (chapter 4) Tissues group of cells that perform structural and roles. List the 4 types:
Tissue Outline (chapter 4) Tissues group of cells that perform structural and roles. List the 4 types: 1. 2. 3. 4. I. Epithelial Tissue covers all the surfaces, inside & out. Are the major tissues of,
More informationConnective Tissue. Found everywhere in the body. Most abundant and widely distributed. Never exposed to the outside environment.
Connective Tissue Found everywhere in the body. Most abundant and widely distributed. Never exposed to the outside environment. Connective Tissue Functions Binding and support Protection Insulation Transportation
More informationHOLE S ANATOMY CHAPTER 5, PART II Lecture notes
HOLE S ANATOMY CHAPTER 5, PART II Lecture notes I. Connective Tissue A. Structure 1. have few cells that are spaced apart and can divide; two categories: a. fixed cells cells that are present in tissue
More informationMost abundant and widely distributed tissues in the body Binds, support, and strengthen body tissues, protect and insulate internal organ, serve as
Connective tissue Most abundant and widely distributed tissues in the body Binds, support, and strengthen body tissues, protect and insulate internal organ, serve as major transport system, compartmentalizes
More informationCartilage. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology
Cartilage Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology 1 Cartilage is a specialized type of connective tissue designed to give support, bear weight and withstand tension, torsion and
More informationB. Classification of epithelium: by number of cell layers present and by shape of the superficial cell layers.
I. Introduction - tissue: group of cells that are closely associated, similar in structure and function, and perform a common or related function. - four primary tissues: epithelial tissue, connective
More informationNOTES: CH 40 Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology
NOTES: CH 40 Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology THE HUMAN BODY Anatomy Physiology (= structures) (= functions or processes) Characteristics of LIFE: 1) Made up of 1 or more CELLS. 2) Obtain and
More informationTHE TISSUE LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION PART I: EPITHELIAL TISSUE
THE TISSUE LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION PART I: EPITHELIAL TISSUE 4 Main Tissue Types Epithelium Covers surfaces, lines cavities, forms glands Connective Tissue Support and protects body Muscular Tissue Movement
More informationBasic Histology. By Mrs. Bailey
Basic Histology By Mrs. Bailey Primary Tissues 1. Epithelial Tissue 2. Connective Tissue 3. Muscle Tissue 4. Nervous Tissue Very cellular Supported by underlying connective tissue Epithelial & connective
More informationTissues Chapter 5...Tissue - a group or mass of similar cells working together to perform certain common functions
Tissues Chapter 5...Tissue - a group or mass of similar cells working together to perform certain common functions There are 4 major types of tissue Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous 1. Epithelial Tissue
More informationUse for reference if needed:
A- 2.5 Describe how structure and function are related in terms of cell and tissue types. I can recognize different types of body tissue. I can explain how different tissue structures affect their functions.
More informationAnatomy and Physiology Tissue Review
Anatomy and Physiology Tissue Review OVERVIEW Histology practicals can be rough, especially when access to slides is limited to the lab period. This resource provides an opportunity to learn or review
More informationConnective Tissue. Consists of two basic elements: Cells and Extra-cellular matrix
Connective Tissue Consists of two basic elements: Cells and Extra-cellular matrix True Connective Tissue Cells Fibroblasts: Secrete both fibers and ground substance of the matrix (wandering) Macrophages:
More informationInitial Fixation Strength of Bio-absorbable Magnesium Screw
Initial Fixation Strength of Bio-absorbable Magnesium Screw Joon Kyu Lee, MD, PhD, Sahnghoon Lee, Sang Cheol Seong, Myung Chul Lee, MD, PhD. Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,
More informationBio& 241 Unit 1 / Lecture 4
Bio& 241 Unit 1 / Lecture 4 Connective Tissue Consists of two basic elements: Cells and Extra-cellular matrix 1 True Connective Tissue Cells Fibroblasts: Secrete both fibers and ground substance of the
More information4 Types of Tissue. Epithelial Connective Muscle Neural
Connective Tissue 4 Types of Tissue Epithelial Connective Muscle Neural Connective Tissue Fills internal spaces Supports & binds other tissues Transports materials Stores energy Classification of Connective
More informationOverview of the Components of the MSS
Overview of the Components of the MSS Lecture Objectives Discuss the components and functions of the MSS. Describe the relation between bones and skeletal muscles in producing body movements. Identify
More information4 Types of Tissue. Epithelial Connective Muscle Neural
Connective Tissue 4 Types of Tissue Epithelial Connective Muscle Neural Connective Tissue Fills internal spaces Supports & binds other tissues Transports materials Stores energy Classification of Connective
More informationTotal Knee Replacement
Total Knee Replacement A total knee replacement, also known as total knee arthroplasty, involves removing damaged portions of the knee, and capping the bony surfaces with man-made prosthetic implants.
More informationBiomechanics. Biomechanics is an interdisciplinary field that uses information from biology and engineering to analyse the human body.
Biomechanics Biomechanics is an interdisciplinary field that uses information from biology and engineering to analyse the human body. The mechanical properties of body structures and the loadings acting
More informationHole s Human Anatomy and Physiology
Hole s Human Anatomy and Physiology 1 Chapter 5 Tissues Four major tissue types 1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscle 4. Nervous 2 Epithelial Tissues General characteristics - cover organs and the body
More informationEpithelia of Coverings and Linings. Tissues. Tissue
Tissue Tissues Chapter 3 Definition an aggregation of cells in which each cooperates with all others in the performance of a given function Examples of general functions Movement Protection Support Production
More informationName: Test Date: Chapter 4- Tissues. Use the choices to identify the major tissue types found below:
Name: Test Date: Chapter 4- Tissues Use the choices to identify the major tissue types found below: A. Connective B. Epithelium C. Muscle D. Nervous 1. B Lines body cavities and covers the body s external
More informationHISTOLOGY. Simple squamal lungs
HISTOLOGY Lab Objectives: Students should be able to... 1. Visually identify each class of tissue and examples within each class 2. Indicate the location (in the human body and/or organ) and function of
More informationA Patient s Guide to Knee Anatomy. Stephanie E. Siegrist, MD, LLC
A Patient s Guide to Knee Anatomy Hands, shoulders, knees and toes (and elbows and ankles, too!) Most bone and joint conditions have several treatment options. The best treatment for you is based on your
More informationTissue engineering of cartilage
Tissue engineering of cartilage Cartilage responds to mechanical forces and is able to remodel in response to the prevailing stress Cartilage, like bone, may respond to mechanical stimulation by increasing
More informationTissues and Membranes
I. In the Beginning a. Egg + sperm! Tissues and Membranes b. 1 cell divides to make 2, 2 divide to make 4, 4 divide to make 8, and then? c. d. e. Totipotent: f. Pluripotent: II. III. Tissues a. Tissues
More informationFinite Element Analysis of Radius and Ulna. Eli Pavlatos April 24, 2013
Finite Element Analysis of Radius and Ulna Eli Pavlatos April 24, 2013 Outline Review bone biomechanics bone behavior during fracture Stress analysis concepts properties of bone for models Fracture simulations
More informationAir sacs of lungs and the lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
Cells Location Function Simple squamous epithelium Air sacs of lungs and the lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels Allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration, and
More informationA Patient s Guide to Knee Anatomy
A Patient s Guide to Knee Anatomy 15195 Heathcote Blvd Suite 334 Haymarket, VA 20169 Phone: 703-369-9070 Fax: 703-369-9240 DISCLAIMER: The information in this booklet is compiled from a variety of sources.
More informationSection B: Epithelial Tissue 1. Where are epithelial tissues found within the body? 2. What are the functions of the epithelial tissues?
Tissue worksheet Name Section A: Intro to Histology Cells are the smallest units of life. In complex organisms, cells group together with one another based on similar structure and function to form tissues.
More informationCells and Tissues 3PART D. PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College
PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Cells and Tissues 3PART D Connective Tissue Found everywhere in the body Includes the most abundant
More informationLigaments. A Source of Work Related Disorders STAR Symposium Do not copy or reproduce in any form
Ligaments A Source of Work Related Disorders M. Solomonow, PhD, MD (hon) Occupational Medicine Research Center Bioengineering Laboratory Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Louisiana State University Health
More informationThe Tissue Level of Organization
The Tissue Level of Organization 4.5-4.11 August 31, 2012 4.5 Connective Tissues Describe the general features of connective Describe the structure, location, and function of the various types of connective
More informationChapter 5. Tissues. 4 Types of Body Tissues. Tissues
Chapter 5 Tissues Tissues Tissues - groups of cells that are similar in structure & function RBC, WBC, & platelets are a group of cells working together to form BLOOD tissue Histology Pathohistology study
More informationTissue = groups of cells that are similar in structure and function
Tissue = groups of cells that are similar in structure and function Types Epithelial - covering Connective - support Muscle - movement Nervous - control Membranes line body cavities and hold organs together
More informationUnicompartmental Knee Resurfacing
Disclaimer This movie is an educational resource only and should not be used to manage knee pain. All decisions about the management of knee pain must be made in conjunction with your Physician or a licensed
More informationMechanical Properties and Active Remodeling of Blood Vessels. Systemic Arterial Tree. Elastic Artery Structure
Mechanical Properties and Active Remodeling of Blood Vessels Gross anatomy of systemic and pulmonary circulation Microscopic structure Mechanical properties and testing Residual stress Remodeling Systemic
More informationFisiologia della prestazione sportiva
PROPRIETÀ MECCANICHE DEL TENDINE IN VIVO Fisiologia della prestazione sportiva Università degli Studi di Verona Scienze Motorie aa 2014-2015 Stiffness Stiffness is the rigidity of an object the extent
More informationConnective Tissue. Answer Choices(In CAPITAL BOLD): RETICULAR ELASTIC. IRREGULAR Spongy bone ELASTIC BLOOD
Connective Tissue Answer Choices(In CAPITAL BOLD): Proper: Specialized: Loose- Cartilage- AREOLAR HYALINE ADIPOSE FIBROCARTILAGE RETICULAR ELASTIC Dense- Bone- REGULAR COMPACT BONE IRREGULAR Spongy bone
More informationThe Tissue Level of Organization
Tissue The Tissue Level of Organization Chapter 3 Definition an aggregation of cells in which each cooperates with all others in the performance of a given function Examples of general functions Movement
More informationTissues 10/21/2016. Epithelial Tissue
Tissues This is a generalized cell diagram. It shows the anatomy of a cell, but most cells do not actually look like this. Cells can have a wide variety of shapes and sizes, depending on their function.
More informationIntroduction to Types of Body Tissue Putting it All Together. Packet #12
Introduction to Types of Body Tissue Putting it All Together Packet #12 Introduction Body Tissues Tissues Groups of cells with similar structure and function Four primary types Epithelial tissue (epithelium)
More informationThree-dimensional finite element analysis of the human ACL
Rhodes, Greece, August 0-, 008 Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the human ACL M.HAGHPANAHI, F.JALAYER Biomechanics Research Unit Iran University of Science and Technology Narmak, Tehran, 684634
More informationTissues. Group of cells that are similar in structure and function. 4 primary types. Epithelium (covering) Connective (support) Nervous(control)
Tissues Tissues Group of cells that are similar in structure and function 4 primary types Epithelium (covering) Connective (support) Nervous(control) Epithelial tissue (epithelium) Lining, covering, and
More informationAnterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery
Anatomy Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery Roger Ostrander, MD Andrews Institute Anatomy Anatomy Function Primary restraint to anterior tibial translation Secondary restraint to internal tibial rotation
More informationMRI KNEE WHAT TO SEE. Dr. SHEKHAR SRIVASTAV. Sr.Consultant KNEE & SHOULDER ARTHROSCOPY
MRI KNEE WHAT TO SEE Dr. SHEKHAR SRIVASTAV Sr.Consultant KNEE & SHOULDER ARTHROSCOPY MRI KNEE - WHAT TO SEE MRI is the most accurate and frequently used diagnostic tool for evaluation of internal derangement
More informationTISSUES. Objectives. Tissues
TISSUES Objectives Introduce the four major types of tissues Describe the general characteristics and functions of epithelial & connective tissue Name the major types of epithelial & connective tissues
More informationTissues. How do cells form tissues?
Tissues How do cells form tissues? Using cell junctions Tissues Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue Epithelial Tissue Closely packed cells in continuous sheets connected by
More information10/8/2015. FACTORS IN BACK PAIN introduction 27% Framing the Discussion from a Clinical and Anatomical Perspective
FACTORS IN BACK PAIN Framing the Discussion from a Clinical and Anatomical Perspective A B M P B a ck Pa i n S u m m i t With Clint Chandler FACTORS IN BACK PAIN introduction Back pain affects 8 out of
More informationMechanical Properties and Active Remodeling of Blood Vessels. Blood Vessels
Mechanical Properties and Active Remodeling of Blood Vessels Gross anatomy of systemic and pulmonary circulation Microscopic structure Mechanical properties and testing Residual stress Remodeling Blood
More informationSkeletal Considerations for Movement. Kinesiology RHS 341 Lecture 2 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa
Skeletal Considerations for Movement Kinesiology RHS 341 Lecture 2 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa The Skeletal System Bones, cartilage, ligaments, & joints Consists of approximately 20% of total body weight Bone constitutes
More informationcontains an antiangiogenesis factor
CARTILAGE & BONE Cartilage and Bone objectives Student must learn :. What is the meaning of cartilage, and their function, location in human body.. To distinguish the 3 types of cartilage. And their cells,
More informationHuman anatomy Unit III. Tissue
Human anatomy Unit III Tissue Definition of Tissues Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism. In other words, it is a group of cells
More informationLab 1 ANIMAL TISSUES
Lab 1 ANIMAL TISSUES Levels of Organization Animals are multicellular heterotrophs whose cells lack cell walls. Most animals exhibit a hierarchical level of organization: Cells are organized into tissues
More informationJOINTS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
JOINTS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Axial Skeleton The Axial Skeleton makes up the central bony axis of the body and is composed of: the skull hyoid bone sternum ribs vertebral column sacrum coccyx Appendicular
More informationTHE EFFECT OF THE FRONTAL PLANE TIBIOFEMORAL ANGLE ON THE CONTACT STRESS AND STRAIN AT THE KNEE JOINT. A Dissertation Presented. Nicholas Hartley Yang
THE EFFECT OF THE FRONTAL PLANE TIBIOFEMORAL ANGLE ON THE CONTACT STRESS AND STRAIN AT THE KNEE JOINT A Dissertation Presented by Nicholas Hartley Yang to The Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
More informationPARTIAL KNEE REPLACEMENT
PARTIAL KNEE REPLACEMENT A partial knee replacement removes damaged cartilage from the knee and replaces it with prosthetic implants. Unlike a total knee replacement, which removes all of the cartilage,
More informationLecture Overview. Connective Tissues. Marieb s Human Anatomy and Physiology. Chapter 4 Tissues: The Living Fabric Connective Tissues Lecture 10
Marieb s Human Anatomy and Physiology Marieb Hoehn Chapter 4 Tissues: The Living Fabric Connective Tissues Lecture 10 Lecture Overview General composition and function of connective tissue Components of
More informationComputational Simulation of Penetrating Trauma in Biological Soft Tissues using the Material Point Method
Computational Simulation of Penetrating Trauma in Biological Soft Tissues using the Material Point Method Irina IONESCU* +, James GUILKEY* ++, Martin BERZINS*, Robert M. KIRBY*, Jeffrey WEISS* + *Scientific
More informationConnective Tissue (CT)
Connective Tissue (CT) YONG-MEI CHEN ( 陈咏梅 ) Dept. of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology Peking Union Medical College Tel:69156461 E-mail address: pumc_he@126.com Content Introduction of CT 1. Origin 2. Compositions
More informationUnit 7: Skeletal and muscular systems
Unit 7: Skeletal and muscular systems 1. The locomotor system 2. The skeletal system 2.1. The human skeleton 2.2. Bones 2.3. Joints 2.4. Tendons and ligaments 3. The muscular system 3.1. Muscles of the
More informationBIOH111. o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Integumentary system o Skeletal system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system
BIOH111 o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Integumentary system o Skeletal system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 1 TEXTBOOK AND REQUIRED/RECOMMENDED
More informationPartial Knee Replacement
Partial Knee Replacement A partial knee replacement removes damaged cartilage from the knee and replaces it with prosthetic implants. Unlike a total knee replacement, which removes all of the cartilage,
More informationConnective Tissues. 2. Describe the function of fibroblasts. 3. What is ground substance? What is its function?
Connective Tissues Directions: Insert and install your Interactions: Foundations CD. a. Click the "Contents" button. b. Open the Tissue Level of Organization file. c. Click on Anatomy Overviews. d. Work
More informationA Patient s Guide to Elbow Anatomy
A Patient s Guide to Elbow Anatomy Iain is a specialist in musculoskeletal imaging and the diagnosis of musculoskeletal pain. This information is provided with the hope that you can better understand and
More informationGrowth and repair: Cartilage is a vascular tissues that receives nutrients by diffusion through its matrix, cartilage grow by 2 mechanisms:
Skeletal connective tissues: (cartilage and bone): Cartilage and bone are specialized connective tissues both adapted to serve as skeletal framework in most vertebrates the presence of solid inter cellular
More informationChapter 5. Joint Classifications. Synarthroses. Amphiarthroses Slightly movable joints such as: Synchondroses 1 st sternocostal
Chapter 5 Joint Classifications Synarthroses immovable Amphiarthroses slightly movable Diarthroses (synovial) freely movable Biomechanics of Human Skeletal Articulations Synarthroses Immovable joints such
More informationLab Animal Tissue. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: To understand the relationship between the structure and function of different animal tissues
Name: Bio A.P. PURPOSE: HYPOTHESIS: NONE Lab Animal Tissue BACKGROUND: In animals, groups of closely related cells specialized to perform the same function are called tissues. There are four general classes
More informationHistology 101! !! Name:! Block: Identify and describe the functions of major tissue types including their subclasses and varieties!
Histology 101 Identify and describe the functions of major tissue types including their subclasses and varieties Name: Block: "1 Introduction to Tissues Histology Notes Tissue (living fabric) : groups
More informationRehabilitation Guidelines for Meniscal Repair
Rehabilitation Guidelines for Meniscal Repair The knee is the body's largest joint, and the place where the femur, tibia, and patella meet to form a hinge-like joint. These bones are supported by a large
More informationTISSUES. Dr. Gary Mumaugh
TISSUES Dr. Gary Mumaugh Tissues Tissues - Groups of cells similar in structure and function and perform a common function Histology The study of tissues The four types of tissues Epithelial Connective
More informationSoft Tissue Mobilization for Cervical and Shoulder Disorders
Soft Tissue Mobilization for Cervical and Shoulder Disorders By William J. Hanney, DPT, PhD, ATC, CSCS Approaches to STM Deep friction massage Trigger point therapy Myofascial Release Rolfing Feldenkrais
More informationBIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.49 - MUSCLE SYSTEMS.
!! www.clutchprep.com BIOLOGY - CLUTCH Muscle system organ system that includes skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle Muscle tissue capable of contracting through the interaction of actin and myosin proteins
More informationHistology. Study of body tissues
Histology Study of body tissues 2 Introduction to Body Tissues 1. Composed of specialized cells of similar structure and perform a common function 2. Four major types (4 Cs) a. Epithelial - Cover b. Connective
More informationWhat to Expect from your Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction Surgery A Guide for Patients
What to Expect from your Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction Surgery A Guide for Patients Sources of Information: http://orthoinfo.aaos.org http://www.orthoinfo.org/informedpatient.cfm http://www.sportsmed.org/patient/
More information1. Review: Go over worksheet.
Aim: What is the purpose and structure of the skeletal system? Hw complete worksheet distributed in class. 1. Correct hw. 2. Notes on Purpose and structure of skeletal system. 3. May 27 11:23 AM 1. Review:
More informationChapter 10: Flexibility. ACE Personal Trainer Manual Third Edition
Chapter 10: Flexibility ACE Personal Trainer Manual Third Edition Flexibility: A Definition Flexibility is the range of motion (ROM) within a joint along the various planes of motion. A number of factors
More informationOutline. Skeletal System. Functions of Bone. Bio 105: Skeletal System 3/17/2016. The material from this lecture packet will be on the lecture exam
Bio 105: Skeletal System Lecture 8 Chapter 5 The material from this lecture packet will be on the lecture exam The identification that you do after this lecture will be on the lab exam Outline I. Overview
More informationEpithelial Tissue lining, covering, glandular tissue > Function protect, absorption, filtration, secretion, excretion
Chapter 4: TISSUES IX. Tissues Intro Epithelial Tissue lining, covering, glandular tissue > Function protect, absorption, filtration, secretion, excretion Connective Tissue most widespread tissue type
More informationOutline. Bio 105: Tissues Laboratory. Organization of the Human Body. Tissue - Epithelium. Tissues 3/2/ Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc
Outline Bio 105: Tissues Laboratory Laboratory 5 Reading: Chapter 4 I. Cell to cell contact II. Body Cavities III. Membranes IV. Homeostasis V. Integumentary System I. Includes skin, hair and nails 1 2
More informationEffect of immobilization in a lengthened position on mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon in growing rats
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics Vol. 7, No. 2, 5 Effect of immobilization in a lengthened position on mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon in growing rats HANNA TRĘBACZ Department of Biophysics,
More informationA Patient s Guide to Elbow Dislocation
A Patient s Guide to Elbow Dislocation 2 Introduction When the joint surfaces of an elbow are forced apart, the elbow is dislocated. The elbow is the second most commonly dislocated joint in adults (after
More informationChicken Wing Dissection Lab
Name Period Assignment # Chicken Wing Dissection Lab Prelab (Questions 1-12) A tissue is composed of a layer or group of cells of similar size, shape, and function. Within the human body, there are four
More information1/10/2013. Topic 10: Form and Function (COM) Newton s Laws of Motion. Newton s Laws of Motion. What are? Forces
/0/203 Topic 0: Form and Function (COM) Forces exerted on vertebrate bodies How do Newton s Laws apply to vertebrate form and function? How do we study forces in functional morphology? What are Ground
More informationCartilage. - Cartilage together with long bone form the skeleton and support the body.
Cartilage - Cartilage is a special type of CT has a firm pliable matrix that can resist mechanical stress, act as a shock absorber. - Cartilage together with long bone form the skeleton and support the
More informationRehabilitation Guidelines for Meniscal Repair
UW HEALTH SPORTS REHABILITATION Rehabilitation Guidelines for Meniscal Repair There are two types of cartilage in the knee, articular cartilage and cartilage. Articular cartilage is made up of collagen,
More informationUnit II: Tissues and Integumentary System
Unit II: Tissues and Integumentary System 2.1 - Tissues Chapter 4 Written Response #1 1. What is a tissue? 2. What are four major types of tissues? Tissue Definition: a group or mass of similar cells working
More information