lesser trochanter of femur lesser trochanter of femur iliotibial tract (connective tissue) medial surface of proximal tibia
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1 LOWER LIMB MUSCLES OF THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON The muscles that act on the lower limb fall into three groups: those that move the thigh, those that move the lower leg, and those that move the ankle, foot, and toes. Muscles Moving the Thigh (Marieb / Hoehn Chapter 10; Pgs ; Figures 1 & 2) ANTERIOR: MUSCLE: ORIGIN: INSERTION: INNERVATION: ACTION: Iliacus* (part of Iliopsoas) iliac fossa / crest of os coxa; ala of sacrum lesser trochanter flexes thigh Psoas major* (part of Iliopsoas) T 12 L 5 vertebrae lesser trochanter (spinal nerves) flexes thigh Tensor fasciae latae* iliac crest / anterior superior iliac spine of ox coxa iliotibial tract (connective tissue) gluteal nerves flexes / abducts thigh Sartorius* anterior superior iliac spine of ox coxa medial surface of proximal tibia flexes / adducts / laterally rotates thigh Pectineus* pubis lesser trochanter obturator nerve adducts / flexes / medially rotates thigh Adductor brevis* (part of Adductors) pubis linea aspera obturator nerve adducts / flexes / medially rotates thigh Adductor longus* (part of Adductors) pubis linea aspera obturator nerve adducts / flexes / medially rotates thigh
2 MUSCLE: ORIGIN: INSERTION: INNERVATION: ACTION: Adductor magnus* (part of Adductors) pubis / ischium linea aspera obturator nerve / sciatic nerve adducts / flexes / medially rotates thigh Gracilis* pubis / ischium medial surface of proximal tibia obturator nerve adducts / flexes / medially rotates thigh POSTERIOR: Gluteus maximus* ilium / sacrum / coccyx iliotibial tract / gluteal tuberosity gluteal nerves extends thigh Gluteus medius* lateral surface of ilium greater trochanter gluteal nerves abducts / medially rotates thigh Gluteus minimus* lateral surface of ilium greater trochanter gluteal nerves abducts / medially rotates thigh Piriformis* anterolateral surface of sacrum greater trochanter (spinal nerves) laterally rotates thigh Obturator (externus / internus) pubis / ischium greater trochanter (spinal nerves) laterally rotates thigh Gemellus* (superior / inferior) ischial spine / tuberosity of os coxa greater trochanter (spinal nerves) laterally rotates thigh Quadratus femoris* ischial tuberosity of os coxa proximal end (spinal nerves) laterally rotates thigh * Need to be familiar with on both ADAM and the human cadaver 2 BI 334 Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology
3 Figure 1: Anterior muscles that move the thigh, superficial and deep views 3 BI 334 Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology
4 Figure 2: Posterior muscles that move the thigh, superficial and deep views 4 BI 334 Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology
5 Muscles Moving the (lower) Leg (Marieb / Hoehn Chapter 10; Pgs ; Figure 4) ANTERIOR: MUSCLE: ORIGIN: INSERTION: INNERVATION: ACTION: Rectus femoris* (part of Quadriceps) anterior inferior iliac spine / margin of acetabulum of os coxa tibial tuberosity extends leg (lower) Vastus lateralis* (part of Quadriceps) greater trochanter / linea aspera tibial tuberosity extends leg (lower) Vastus medialis* (part of Quadriceps) anterior and lateral surface of proximal femur tibial tuberosity extends leg (lower) Vastus intermedius* (part of Quadriceps) anterior and lateral surface of proximal femur tibial tuberosity extends leg (lower) POSTERIOR: Biceps femoris* (part of Hamstrings) ischial tuberosity of ischium / linea aspera head of fibula / lateral condyle sciatic nerve flexes leg (lower) Semitendinosus* (part of Hamstrings) ischial tuberosity of ischium medial surface sciatic nerve flexes leg (lower) Semimembranosus* (part of Hamstrings) ischial tuberosity of ischium medial condyle sciatic nerve flexes leg (lower) Popliteus lateral condyle proximal tibia sciatic nerve flexes / medially rotates leg (lower) * Need to be familiar with on both ADAM and the human cadaver 5 BI 334 Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology
6 Figure 3: Muscles that move the (lower) leg, anterior and posterior views (note: Vastus intermedius and popliteus not shown) 6 BI 334 Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology
7 Muscles Moving the Ankle, Foot, and Toes (Marieb / Hoehn Chapter 10; Pgs ; Figure 4) ANTERIOR: MUSCLE: ORIGIN: INSERTION: INNERVATION: ACTION: Tibialis anterior* lateral condyle / shaft medial cuneiform of tarsals / metatarsal 1 fibular nerves dorsiflexes / inverts foot Extensor digitorum longus* lateral condyle / proximal fibula middle / distal phalanges 2 5 fibular nerves extends toes Extensor hallucis longus* anteromedial shaft of fibula distal phalanx of great toe fibular nerves extends great toe Fibularis* (longus / brevis) shaft of fibula medial cuneiform of tarsals / metatarsals 1 & 5 fibular nerves plantarflexes / everts foot POSTERIOR: Gastrocnemius* (part of Triceps surae) medial / lateral condyles calcaneus tibial nerve plantar flexes foot Soleus* (part of Triceps surae) proximal tibia / fibula calcaneus tibial nerve plantar flexes foot Plantaris* posterior femur calcaneus tibial nerve plantar flexes foot Flexor digitorum longus* posterior tibia distal phalanges 2 5 tibial nerve flexes toes 7 BI 334 Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology
8 MUSCLE: ORIGIN: INSERTION: INNERVATION: ACTION: Flexor hallicus longus midshaft of fibula distal phalanx of great toe tibial nerve flexes great toe Tibialis posterior proximal tibia / fibula tarsals / metatarsals 2 4 tibial nerve inverts foot * Need to be familiar with on both ADAM and the human cadaver Figure 4: Muscles that move the ankle, foot, and toes; anterior and posterior views (note: Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor hallucis longus, and Tibialis posterior not shown) 8 BI 334 Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology
9 Out-of-Class Assignment: Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot The intrinsic muscles of the foot help to flex, extend, abduct, and adduct the toes. Collectively, along with the tendons of some let muscles that enter the sole, the foot muscles help support the arches of the foot. Other than a single muscle on the dorsum of the foot, the majority of intrinsic foot muscles are found on the plantar aspect (sole). The plantar muscles occur in multiple layers and are remarkably similar to those in the palm of the hand. Below is a table listing individual muscles found in the foot. For each muscle, fill in the appropriate origin, insertion, innervation, and action and then correctly label the muscle on the associated figure(s). This exercise is to introduce you to these muscles; you will not be responsible for these groups of muscles for the practical exam. MUSCLE: ORIGIN: INSERTION: INNERVATION: ACTION: DORSUM OF FOOT: Extensor digitorum brevis SOLE OF FOOT (SUPERFICIAL LAYER): Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor hallucis Abductor digiti minimi 9 BI 334 Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology
10 MUSCLE: ORIGIN: INSERTION: INNERVATION: ACTION: SOLE OF FOOT (MIDDLE LAYER): Flexor accessorius Lumbricals SOLE OF FOOT (DEEP LAYER): Flexor hallucis brevis Adductor hallucis Flexor digiti minimi brevis Plantar interossei Dorsal interossei 10 BI 334 Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology
11 11 BI 334 Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology
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