Musculoskeletal Injuries
|
|
- Charles Tate
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 3 Musculoskeletal Injuries This chapter describes how to recognize and treat injuries to the musculoskeletal system, and the best methods for preventing problems of this nature: Recognize signs and symptoms of simple and compound fractures. Be able to realign and splint fractures in the wilderness setting. Identify and treat life-threatening musculoskeletal injuries. Be able to properly manage dislocations, strains, and sprains. 25
2 Case 1 You are biking on a single-track trail with a friend. You come around a bend and hear a call of distress. You slow your bike to a halt as you look to your right, where the edge of the trail turns into a downward slope. Lying on his right side, amongst a pile of scattered boulders, is a middle-aged man. His bike is about seven feet uphill from him. As you go through your initial assessment, you notice him favoring his left shoulder. The patient is very sensitive to movement of the area, complaining of severe pain. The left shoulder appears to be dislocated anteriorly. Further examination shows that he is neuro-vascularly intact over the left arm and hand. 1) What is your approach to these injuries? 2) Would you reduce this man s shoulder in this case? 3) When would you consider doing a reduction in the field? 4) What other important assessments do you need to make? Case 2 At the tail end of an intense day of hiking on day five of your eight day backpacking trip, one of your group members abruptly stops and grabs the front of her left knee. You remove her pack and have her sit in a comfortable position. She explains that she was jumping off a three foot ledge and twisted her knee upon impact, as the lateral side of her left foot landed unsteadily on a small rock. She heard a popping sound when the injury occurred. You begin your exam by noticing that her left knee appears to be swollen when compared to her uninjured right knee. 1) What is the next step in your examination? 2) What tests will you perform to assess the patient? 3) How would you determine if she requires evacuation? 26
3 General The most commonly sprained major joint is the ankle. The shoulder is the most commonly dislocated major joint. Anterior dislocation of the shoulder is the most common type of shoulder dislocation, occurring in over 90% of shoulder dislocations. While uncommon, posterior shoulder dislocations appear most often with a direct blow to the anterior shoulder or after a seizure or electrical / lightning injury. A posterior hip dislocation occurs in about 85% of hip dislocations. The distal phalange is the most commonly fractured phalange. An open pelvic fracture with associated GI and/or GU injuries carries a 50% mortality rate. Basic Fracture Management A fracture is any break or crack in a bone. In an open (compound) fracture, the bone is broken and there is a wound through the skin at or near the fracture site. This may happen when the broken bone cuts through the skin, or when an object breaks the skin as it fractures the bone. A major concern with an open fracture is contamination and infection of the bone at the fracture site. In a closed fracture, the bone is broken but the skin is not punctured. If left untreated or mishandled, a closed fracture can become an open fracture. If a fracture is suspected, do not try to move the injured area to test for pain. If you are not sure if the injury is a fractured bone or a sprained ligament, splint the extremity and assume it is fractured. Symptoms and Signs of Fracture In the wilderness, you must rely on your physical examination to best determine whether a bone is fractured. Pain and tenderness Pain and tenderness to palpation over a specific point of the bone. Reproduction of pain when the area of concern is stressed by applying pressure on both sides, but not touching the area, as if trying to bend it. Deformity: an unusual or abnormal shape, position, or movement of the bone or joint. Compare the injured limb with the uninjured limb on the opposite side. Inability to use the extremity: if the victim cannot move the limb or joint, or is unable to bear weight on it, a fracture should be suspected. Swelling and bruising: rapid swelling with black and blue discoloration at the fracture site. False joint: motion at a point in a limb where no joint exists. Bone snap: victim may have heard or felt a bone snap. Crepitus: the grinding of bones that can sometimes be heard or felt when touching or moving a fractured bone. Realignment of an Open Fracture After thorough irrigation of the wound, straighten the limb by pulling on it below the fracture in a direction that will straighten it. This should be done while someone else holds the limb above the fracture. Although risk of infection is present, it may be necessary to replace the exposed bone back into the wound during traction for proper realignment. This is a case where proper wound care, including copious irrigation, is essential before reducing the fracture. While continuing to hold the limb straight, apply a splint to prevent further motion. Cover the wound with a sterile dressing, then bandage. Realignment of a Closed Fracture In general, it is not wise to straighten a fractured limb unless circulation or neurological status distal to the site of injury is diminished or gross deformity makes it impossible to splint and transport. Realignment is easier if it is done soon after the injury before swelling and pain make it more difficult. 27
4 Straighten the limb by pulling on it below the fracture in a direction that will straighten it. This should be done while someone else holds the limb above the fracture. While continuing to hold the limb straight, apply a splint to prevent further motion. Reevaluate the circulation to ensure it has been restored or improved and not been worsened by the manipulation. Splinting Splints reduce pain and help to minimize bleeding by preventing movement of the fracture ends and nearby joints. Improperly loose splints can allow the fracture ends to shear or compress nearby vessels and nerves. A splint applied too tightly can lead to circulation and neurological problems at or distal to the splint. In general, a splint should be long enough to immobilize the joints above and below the fracture site. Another reason for splinting a fracture is to protect the injury while transporting the victim out of the wilderness. Reducing pain can make the transportation process much more efficient. The splint should immobilize the fractured limb in its functional position. For the knee there should be a slight bend at the knee. The ankle and elbow with the joints flexed at a 90-degree angle. The wrist should be splinted straight or slightly bent dorsally (extended) The fingers should be bent in a position similar to that as if holding a can of soda. General Guidelines for Splinting Remove all jewelry and accessories such as watches, bracelets, and rings before applying the splint. Pad the splint with soft material, such as clothing. Use plenty of padding over bony protrusions such as elbows, knees, and ankles. Splints should be made from rigid, sturdy material. The SAM Splint is a fine commercial product for a field splint. In the wilderness you may also use sticks, boards, skis, paddles, heavy cardboard, and rolled up magazines or newspapers. The splint should immobilize at least one joint above and one joint below the fracture site. Secure the splint in place with straps, tape, belts, strips of cloth, webbing, or rope. Tie firmly, but not tight enough to cause discomfort. Secure the splint in several places, both above and below the fracture. Do not tie directly over the injured area. Fashion the splint on the uninjured body part first and then transfer it to the injured area to minimize discomfort. After splinting, elevate the injured body part to minimize swelling. Check circulation often. Swelling within the confines of a splint can cut off circulation to the limb. If this occurs, loosen or reposition the splint to allow blood flow. Spinal Fractures Life-Threatening Fractures The spinal column is composed of vertebrae, which surround the spinal cord. When vertebrae are fractured or dislocated, the spinal cord may be injured. Damage to the spinal cord can cause permanent paralysis and even death. Any accident that places excessive pressure or force on the head, neck, or back can result in fractured or dislocated vertebrae. Extreme care must be taken in the wilderness when treating back and neck injuries. Any further twisting or jolting of the spinal column can further damage the spinal cord. Although it is always better to assume a spinal injury when in doubt, everyone with a bump or cut on their head does not need to have his or her spine immobilized. Signs and Symptoms The victim has pain in the neck or back. The victim is unconscious or has an altered level of consciousness in association with trauma. 28
5 There are significant cuts and bruises along the spine. There is weakness, numbness or tingling in the victim s arms, legs, fingers, or toes. There is another extremely painful injury, such as a fractured femur or dislocated shoulder, which might distract him or her from noticing the spinal pain. The victim is under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs that may alter his or her perception of pain. Immobilize the victim s head, neck and back. If the victim is not breathing or is having trouble breathing, straighten the injured area only enough to open an airway. If the neck is bent at an angle, it should be straightened with gentle in-line traction. Place rolled-up clothing, life jackets, blankets, or plastic bags filled with sand or dirt around the victim s head, the sides of the neck, the shoulders, and from the armpits down alongside the trunk to prevent movement. Secure the head to these supports with tape or straps. Secure the rest of the body to a flat board. Treat for shock and evacuate the victim as soon as possible. Ruling Out Cervical Spine Fractures You may use clinical criteria to rule out potential cervical spine fractures using the NEXUS Criteria The following areas must be evaluated and if all are negative then you may clinically clear the patient No posterior midline spinal tenderness to palpation No altered level of consciousness No drug or alcohol intoxication No painful distracting injury No neurological deficits Pelvis Fractures Pelvis fractures are often associated with significant life-threatening hemorrhage due to the numerous vessels that course through it. There is also a risk of injuries to the intestines, bladder, uterus, and the sacral spinal nerve roots. An open pelvic fracture with associated GI and/or GU injuries carries a 50% mortality rate. Signs and Symptoms Suspect a pelvis fracture if there is pain in the pelvis, hip, or lower back. The victim will be unable to bear weight and will be very sensitive with pain around his waistline or hips. Pain and tenderness with palpation and compression of the pelvis. Abnormal motion or crepitus on palpation and compression of the pelvis. Bruising over the pelvic area to include the perineum. Neurologic deficit over one or both of the legs. There may be blood in the urine or the victim may be unable to urinate if the bladder or urethra is damaged. Bleeding from the urethra, rectum or unexpected vaginal bleeding. Pelvic splinting is important to minimize motion of the fractured bone, bleeding, and pain. There are numerous commercial products available to splint and immobilize the pelvis. One may use a wide belt, sheet, or piece of clothing that is wrapped around the pelvis and tied tightly to immobilize the pelvis and to hold the pelvic ring together. If you do not have anything available to wrap around the pelvis, you may place padding between the legs and then strap the legs together. Treat for shock, but do not elevate the legs. Femoral Fractures 29
6 The femur is the longest bone in the body. A fractured femur can produce severe blood loss, possibly leading to shock. When the bone breaks, the powerful thigh muscles contract and pull the broken bone ends into the muscle causing extreme pain and possible blood loss. A femur fracture is best splinted by using a traction splint. The traction splint will pull the overlapped bone ends into alignment, which may minimize bleeding and relieve pain and muscle spasm. Before placing your improvised traction splint on the victim, test it on the victim s uninjured leg. Once tested, place the splint on the injured side. Treat for shock, checking the victim s circulation by palpating distal pulses and observing capillary refill periodically. Improvising a traction splint: There are many ways to improvise a traction splint in the wilderness but you need to ensure you have the following components Ankle attachment (use webbing or a band of cloth). Upper thigh (crotch) attachment Strong support that is one foot longer than the leg Method to fix the two attachments to the support Method to pull traction Padding If you are unable to fashion a traction splint, then you should secure the two legs together with straps after padding between the two legs. Dislocations A dislocation occurs when so much force is placed across a joint that a bone is pulled out of its articulation. Dislocations are most common in the fingers, shoulder, elbow, and kneecap. Dislocations can damage blood vessels, nerves, muscle, and ligaments. Splint the joint with plenty of padding. Ice the joint to minimize swelling. Check for circulation. Depending on your education, comfort level and the ability of the patient to tolerate the procedure you may be able to relocate dislocations of the fingers, shoulder, and patella in the wilderness. Dislocations of the elbow and ankle are usually too painful to relocate in the wilderness. Hip dislocations usually require a great deal of sedation to relocate and are not amenable to relocation in the wilderness. Sprains A sprain is the stretching or tearing of a ligament caused by twisting, wrenching, or stretching movements beyond the ligament s normal range of motion. Sprains are most common in the finger, ankle, wrist and knee. Slight sprains cause only mild discomfort, but in serious cases you could be temporarily disabled. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and discoloration. General treatment for sprains is summarized by the acronym RICES Rest the joint from activity and stress Ice: apply ice at least 3 times per day for 20 minutes 30
7 Compression: follow the ice with a compression wrap. Cover the sprained joint with a sock, cloth, or other light material and then wrap tightly. The wrap should compress the joint, but not so tightly that it restricts circulation or causes pain. Elevation: elevate the injured area above the level of the victim s heart to minimize swelling. Stabilization: tape or splint the injured joint for transport. Follow the RICES treatment protocol for the first 72 hours after the injury. 31
8 Questions 1) Which one of the following is the most commonly sprained major joint? a) Ankle b) Elbow c) Hip d) Knee e) Shoulder 2) Which one of the following dislocations is unlikely to be relocated in the wilderness setting? a) Ankle b) Finger c) Hip d) Patella e) Shoulder 3) Which one of the following is important to perform when splinting a potential fractured forearm? a) The splint should flex the wrist into a 30 degree position b) The splint should immobilize the elbow and the wrist c) The splint should immobilize the elbow, wrist and the shoulder d) The splint should immobilize the wrist only e) The splint should place the elbow at approximately 60 degrees of flexion 4) Which one of the following is a concern when managing a patient with a potential pelvic fracture in the wilderness setting? a) Fracture fragments tearing the femoral artery at the time of fracture b) Internal hemorrhage due to bleeding vessels in the pelvis c) Splinting it will cause movement of the pelvic bones which will cause more damage d) Spinal fracture as an associated injury is very common 5) Which one of the following is not part of the acute therapy for the management of a patient who has a sprain? a) Active motion with full weight bearing b) Elevation above the heart c) Ice three times daily d) Rest when possible e) Stabilization with a splint or tape Answers: 1a 2c 3b 4b 5a 32
AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved.
Musculoskeletal injuries are most commonly caused by Mechanical forms of energy. Chemicals. Electrical energy. Heat Mechanical energy produces direct, indirect, twisting and contracting forces. Can be
More informationLesson 9: Bone & Joint Injuries. Emergency Reference Guide p
Lesson 9: Bone & Joint Injuries Emergency Reference Guide p. 33-43 Objectives Define strain, sprain, fracture and dislocation List Signs & Symptoms of strain, sprain, fracture & dislocation Demonstrate
More informationInjuries to Muscles, Bones and Joints. Emergency Medical Response
Injuries to Muscles, Bones and Joints Lesson 33: Injuries to Muscles, Bones and Joints You Are the Emergency Medical Responder You are patrolling the state park where you are the emergency medical responder
More informationChapter 30 - Musculoskeletal_Trauma
Introduction to Emergency Medical Care 1 OBJECTIVES 30.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter. Slides 11 12, 19 20, 22 23, 37 30.2 Describe the anatomy of elements of the musculoskeletal system.
More informationInjuries to the Extremities
Injuries to the Extremities KNOWLEDGE OBJECTIVES 1. List seven signs and symptoms that suggest a serious extremity injury. 2. Describe how to care for injuries to the shoulder, upper arm, and elbow. 3.
More informationExtremity Injuries and Splinting
CHAPTER 15 Extremity Injuries and Splinting Lesson Objectives 1. Describe the 3 general types of splints and how to improvise splints with common materials. 2. List the general guidelines for splinting
More informationMusculoskeletal Injuries
Musculoskeletal Injuries KNOWLEDGE OBJECTIVES 1. Identify the four main structures of the musculoskeletal system. 2. List five common signs or symptoms of musculoskeletal injuries. 3. List seven signs
More informationMusculoskeletal System
CHAPTER 28 Musculoskeletal Injuries Musculoskeletal System Anatomy & Physiology Bones provide framework. Joints allow for bending. Muscles allow for movement. Cartilage provides flexibility. Tendons connect
More informationCHAPTER 28 Musculoskeletal Injuries
CHAPTER 28 Musculoskeletal Injuries Musculoskeletal System Anatomy & Physiology Bones provide framework. Joints allow for bending. Muscles allow for movement. Cartilage provides flexibility. Tendons connect
More informationChapter 29 Orthopaedic Injuries Principles of Splinting Types of Muscles
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Chapter 29 Orthopaedic Injuries Principles of Splinting Types of Muscles Striated Skeletal Smooth Anatomy and Physiology of the Musculoskeletal System Skeletal System Skeletal System Functions
More informationKey Words. clammy closed fracture dislocation fainting ligament open fracture splint sprain strain trauma. Linked Core Abilities
Lesson 4 Treating for Shock and Immobilizing Fractures Key Words clammy closed fracture dislocation fainting ligament open fracture splint sprain strain trauma What You Will Learn to Do Determine first
More information1 Chapter 29 Orthopaedic Injuries Principles of Splinting 2 Types of Muscles. Striated Skeletal. Smooth
1 Chapter 29 Orthopaedic Injuries Principles of Splinting 2 Types of Muscles Striated Skeletal Smooth 3 Anatomy and Physiology of the Musculoskeletal System 4 Skeletal System 5 Skeletal System Functions
More informationMUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES
WHAT ARE THEY They are injuries to muscles, nerves, tendons ligaments, joints, cartilage and spinal discs. WHAT KIND OF INJURIES ARE MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES 1. Fractures- -Open -Closed 2. Dislocations
More informationCaring for Muscle and Bone Injuries From Brady s First Responder (8 th Edition) 54 Questions
Caring for Muscle and Bone Injuries From Brady s First Responder (8 th Edition) 54 Questions 1. What is caused by overexerting or tearing of a muscle? p. 375 A.) Dislocation B.) Sprain C.) Fracture *D.)
More informationLESSON ASSIGNMENT. After completing this lesson, you should be able to: be able to:
LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 4 Fractures of the Lower Extremities. LESSON ASSIGNMENT Paragraphs 4-1 through 4-8. LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you should be able to: be able to: 4-1. Identify
More informationLESSON ASSIGNMENT. After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 1 Fractures and Related Injuries. TEXT ASSIGNMENT Paragraph 1-1 through 1-14. LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you should be able to: 1-1. Identify the signs and
More informationCaring for Muscle and Bone Injuries From Brady s First Responder (8 th Edition) 54 Questions
Caring for Muscle and Bone Injuries From Brady s First Responder (8 th Edition) 54 Questions 1. What do injuries to the shoulder often produce? p. 393 *A.) Anterior dislocation B.) Superior dislocation
More informationHatfield & McCoy Mine Safety Competition First-Aid Contest JULY 15, Page 1
Hatfield & McCoy Mine Safety Competition First-Aid Contest JULY 15, 2014 Page 1 PROBLEM Billy is a maintenance person that has been conducting clean-up and service duties on the number one conveyor belt
More informationOV United Soccer Club
Preventing disease transmission Place an effective barrier between you and the victim s blood when you give first aid. Examples of such barriers are: the victim s hand, a piece of plastic, clean folded
More informationInternational Trauma Life Support for Prehospital Care Providers Sixth Edition Patricia M. Hicks, MS, NREMTP Roy Alson, PhD, MD, FACEP Donna Hastings, EMT-P John Emory Campbell, MD, FACEP and Alabama Chapter,
More informationLateral Collateral Ligament Sprain
What is lateral collateral ligament sprain? Lateral Collateral Ligament Sprain A sprain is a joint injury that causes a stretch or tear in a ligament, a strong band of tissue connecting one bone to another.
More informationBone Injuries and Treatment. Fractures and Dislocations
Bone Injuries and Treatment Fractures and Dislocations Bellwork Research the small bones in the foot and wrist. Draw them in your notes. State Standards 16) Understand principles of and successfully perform
More information4 inch laceration traversing down the front of forearm. Fracture of lower leg midway between knee and ankle
2 inch wound on forehead 3 inch wound on top of shoulder islocated elbow in flexed position 4 inch laceration traversing down the front of forearm 3 inch wound on inner thigh Fracture of lower leg midway
More informationNOTE If it is necessary to perform abdominal thrusts, expose the abdominal area prior to pressing on the abdomen.
ENABLING OBJECTIVES: 4.7 List the procedures used in a primary survey. 4.8 Demonstrate primary survey procedures used in a mock trauma (moulage) scenario without injury to personnel or damage to equipment.
More informationOBJECTIVES: Define basic assessments skills needed to identify orthopedic injuries. Differentiate when an orthopedic injury is a medical emergency
1 2 How to Triage Orthopaedic Care David W. Gray, M.D. OBJECTIVES: Define basic assessments skills needed to identify orthopedic injuries Differentiate when an orthopedic injury is a medical emergency
More informationOverview. Overview. Chapter 30. Injuries to the Head and Spine 9/11/2012. Review of the Nervous and Skeletal Systems. Devices for Immobilization
Chapter 30 Injuries to the Head and Spine Slide 1 Overview Review of the Nervous and Skeletal Systems The Nervous System The Skeletal System Devices for Immobilization Cervical Spine Short Backboards Long
More informationOUTLINE SHEET 5.4 PRIMARY SURVEY
ENABLING OBJECTIVES: 4.7 List the procedures used in a primary survey. 4.8 Demonstrate primary survey procedures used in a mock trauma (moulage) scenario without injury to personnel or damage to equipment.
More informationAviation Rescue Swimmer Course
Aviation Rescue Swimmer Course Primary Survey LT 5.4 December 2003 1 Objectives List the procedures used in a primary survey. Demonstrate primary survey procedures used in a mock trauma (moulage) scenario
More informationFirst Aid Policy. One member of every coaching staff (competitive) is "required" to be first aid certified.
First Aid Policy When you accept the role of coach with LSSC, regardless of what level, you accept a major responsibility for the care and safety of your players. Although the athletes share in the responsibility
More informationFirst Aid in Agriculture
A Publication of the National Center for Farmworker Health First Aid in Agriculture Mario works at Orange Peel Farm. His job is to bend over, pick up boxes of oranges, and place the boxes on a truck. A
More information1/3/2008. Karen Burke Priscilla LeMone Elaine Mohn-Brown. Medical-Surgical Nursing Care, 2e Karen Burke, Priscilla LeMone, and Elaine Mohn-Brown
Medical-Surgical Nursing Care Second Edition Karen Burke Priscilla LeMone Elaine Mohn-Brown Chapter 42 Caring for Clients with Musculoskeletal Trauma Musculoskeletal Trauma Tissue is subjected to more
More informationMusculoskeletal Trauma. Lesson Goal. Lesson Objectives 9/10/2012. Recognize and manage patients with musculoskeletal trauma
Musculoskeletal Trauma Lesson Goal Recognize and manage patients with musculoskeletal trauma Lesson Objectives Describe function of muscular system Describe composition of muscular system Describe, compare,
More informationCommonwealth Health Corporation NEXT
Commonwealth Health Corporation This computer-based learning (CBL) module details important aspects of musculoskeletal disorders, body mechanics and ergonomics in the workplace. It examines: what causes
More informationPATELLAR DISLOCATION AND SUBLUXATION
PATELLAR DISLOCATION AND SUBLUXATION Description For jumping (basketball, volleyball) or contact sports, Patellar dislocation and subluxation are injuries to the protect the patella with supportive devices,
More informationWhen to Remove a Player from the Field following a Knee Injury Basic Guidelines for a Rugby Medic
FRONT PAGE HEADING MAIN HEADING Sub Headings Body Copy Body Copy + Bold Body Copy + Bold + Italic Body Copy + Normal + Italic Style Body for tables WHEN TO REMOVE A PLAYER STYLE HEADING FOR TABLES FROM
More informationSkill Evaluation Sheets
Skill Evaluation Sheets Skill Drill 2-: How to Remove Gloves Skill Drill 4-: Primary Check: RAP-CAB Skill Drill 4-2: Perform a Secondary Check Skill Drill 5-: Adult CPR Skill Drill 5-2: Child CPR Skill
More informationChapter 12. Learning Objectives. Learning Objectives 9/11/2012. Musculoskeletal Injuries
Chapter 12 Musculoskeletal Injuries Learning Objectives Describe the anatomy and function of the musculoskeletal system Demonstrate the assessment and management of a patient with a suspected musculoskeletal
More informationThe Spine.
The Spine www.fisiokinesiterapia.biz Characteristics of Vertebrae Cervical Spine 1 and 2 Sacrum and Coccyx Curves Lordotic in the Spine Kyphotic Lordotic Ligamentous Support Muscles of the Spine Spinal
More informationB) Sprains cause swelling in the injured area, but strains do not have a tendency to swell
Lesson U4C2L4 FIT Questions 1. (U4C2L4:F1) How many times have you broken a bone? A) none B) one C) two D) more than two 2. (U4C2L4:F2) How many times have you sprained an arm, leg, or other body part?
More informationWRIST SPRAIN. Description
WRIST SPRAIN Description Other sports, such as skiing, bowling, pole vaulting Wrist sprain is a violent overstretching and tearing of one Poor physical conditioning (strength and flexibility) or more ligaments
More informationLESSON ASSIGNMENT. After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 6 Roller Bandages. LESSON ASSIGNMENT Paragraphs 6-1 through 6-10. LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you should be able to: 6-1. Identify the functions of roller bandages.
More informationWhat is arthroscopy? Normal knee anatomy
What is arthroscopy? Arthroscopy is a common surgical procedure for examining and repairing the inside of your knee. It is a minimally invasive surgical procedure which uses an Arthroscope and other specialized
More informationArm Injuries and Disorders
Arm Injuries and Disorders Introduction Your arms are made up of muscles, joints, tendons and other connective tissue. There are many injuries and disorders that can affect the arm. Some arm injuries and
More informationUNDERSTANDING FRACTURE CARE CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT
UNDERSTANDING FRACTURE CARE CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT PremierOrtho.com UNDERSTANDING FRACTURE CARE CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT Table of Contents Introduction...3 Causes...4 Who s at Risk?...5
More informationChapter 20: The Spine The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 20: The Spine Anatomy of the Spine Prevention of Injuries to the Spine Cervical Spine Muscle Strengthening Muscles of the neck resist hyperflexion, hyperextension and rotational forces Prior
More informationAnkle Sprain - treatment and exercises. Ankle Sprain. A sprain is a twisting injury to the ankle.
Ankle Sprain A sprain is a twisting injury to the ankle. Most (80%) are caused by rolling the foot inward. This stretches or tears the ligaments that hold the ankle and foot bones together and can lead
More informationSPINAL IMMOBILIZATION
Spinal Immobilization Decision Assessment Recent studies have shown an increase in mortality for patients with isolated penetrating trauma who are spinally immobilized. Therefore spinal immobilization
More informationBack Safety Healthcare #09-066
Back Safety Healthcare Version #09-066 I. Introduction A. Scope of training This training program applies to healthcare employees whose job requires them to lift patients or other heavy objects. Lifting
More informationMENISCUS TEAR. Description
MENISCUS TEAR Description Expected Outcome The meniscus is a C-shaped cartilage structure in the knee that sits on top of the leg bone (tibia). Each knee has two menisci, an inner and outer meniscus. The
More informationSession 3 or 6: Being Active: A Way of Life.
Session 3 or 6: Being Active: A Way of Life. You can find the time to be active. Set aside one block of time every day to be active. When can you set aside 20 to 30 minutes to do an activity you like?
More informationTIBIAL PLATEAU FRACTURE
TIBIAL PLATEAU FRACTURE Description Preventive Measures A tibial plateau fracture is a complete or incomplete break Appropriately warm up and stretch before practice or in the larger of the two leg bones
More informationCase. 5 year old with 2 weeks leg pain and now refusing to walk + Fevers, lower leg swelling, warmth Denies and history of trauma or wounds
Case 5 year old with 2 weeks leg pain and now refusing to walk + Fevers, lower leg swelling, warmth Denies and history of trauma or wounds Exam I: Swelling over entire tibia extending to foot P: Tenderness
More informationInjuries to the Head and Spine From Bradys Emergency Care 10 th Edition
Injuries to the Head and Spine From Bradys Emergency Care 10 th Edition 1. When performing the four-rescuer log roll, which responder pulls the board into position? A.) Head B.) Waist C.) Knee D.) Shoulder
More informationLESSON 2.1 Minor Wound Management Process
LESSON 2.1 Minor Wound Management Process How do we make use of the four different kinds of first aid items such as gauze, melolin, padding (triangular bandage), and plaster to cover up the wounds? Cleaning
More informationMr. Siva Chandrasekaran Orthopaedic Surgeon MBBS MSpMed MPhil (surg) FRACS
Sprained Ankle An ankle sprain occurs when the strong ligaments that support the ankle stretch beyond their limits and tear. Ankle sprains are common injuries that occur among people of all ages. They
More informationRIB FRACTURE. Explanation. Causes. Symptoms. Diagnosis
RIB FRACTURE Explanation The heart and lungs are encased by the chest wall, which is composed of the ribs. The ribs must be flexible in order to allow movement during expansion and contraction. This movement
More informationShoulder Dislocation. Explanation. Causes. Symptoms. Treatment. Diagnosis
Shoulder Dislocation Explanation A dislocated shoulder occurs when the humerus separates from the scapula at the glenohumeral joint, or in simpler terms, the head of the upper arm bone (humerus) is dislodged
More informationESI Wellness Program The BioSynchronistics Design. Industrial Stretching Guide
ESI Wellness Program The BioSynchronistics Design Industrial Stretching Guide ESI Wellness The BioSynchronistics Design Industrial Stretching Basics Stretch 2-4 times/day Hold each Stretch for 5 seconds
More informationANKLE SPRAINS. Explanation. Causes. Symptoms
ANKLE SPRAINS Explanation Ankle sprains occur when ligaments in the ankle are partially or completely torn due to sudden stretching, either laterally or medially, or when the ankle is suddenly twisted
More informationAnterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the 4 major ligament stabilizers of the knee. ACL tears are among the most common major knee injuries in active people of
More informationthe back book Your Guide to a Healthy Back
the back book Your Guide to a Healthy Back anatomy Your spine s job is to: Support your upper body and neck Increase flexibility of your spine Protect your spinal cord There are 6 primary components of
More informationUNIT 2.- SPORT INJURIES: SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT
UNIT 2.- SPORT INJURIES: SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT Every year, millions of teenagers participate in high school sports. An injury to a high school athlete can be a significant disappointment for the teen,
More informationYOUR FREE COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO HELP RELIEVE LOWER BACK PAIN NATURALLY
YOUR FREE COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO HELP RELIEVE LOWER BACK PAIN NATURALLY By: helpwithsciatica HTTPS://HELPWITHSCIATICA.COM Table of contents 1 Introduction 2 Exercise: Extensions 3 Exercise: Curl-Ups 4
More informationSolving Today s Pain and Injury Puzzle with Erik Dalton An Online Workshop for ABMP Members Session 4 Handout
Solving Today s Pain and Injury Puzzle with Erik Dalton An Online Workshop for ABMP Members Session 4 Handout Please Note: Erik Dalton teaches his Myoskeletal Alignment Techniques with the expectation
More informationStatic Flexibility/Stretching
Static Flexibility/Stretching Points of Emphasis Always stretch before and after workouts. Stretching post-exercise will prevent soreness and accelerate recovery. Always perform a general warm-up prior
More informationRange of motion and positioning
Range of motion and positioning Learning guide Why is motion important? Most people take free, comfortable movement for granted. Motion is meant to be smooth and painless. The ligaments, tendons, muscles,
More informationPrevention and Treatment of Injuries. Anatomy. Anatomy. Tibia: the second longest bone in the body
Prevention and Treatment of Injuries The Ankle and Lower Leg Westfield High School Houston, Texas Anatomy Tibia: the second longest bone in the body Serves as the principle weight-bearing bone of the leg.
More informationGwinnett Medical Center. Sports Medicine Program Skills Guide
Gwinnett Medical Center Sports Medicine Program Skills Guide To find information about this event, including speakers and digital copies of this skills guide, visit: gwinnettmedicalcenter.org/sportsclinics
More informationVibration (i.e., driving a Lack of exercise
What is low back pain? Almost everyone has back pain at one time or another. The pain may be in the center of the back or to one side, or may move down the leg. Besides pain in the back, the symptoms may
More informationSprains. Initially the ankle is swollen, painful, and may turn eccyhmotic (bruised). The bruising, and the initial swelling, is due to ruptured
Sprains Introduction An ankle sprain is a common injury and usually results when the ankle is twisted, or inverted. The term sprain signifies injury to the soft tissues, usually the ligaments, of the ankle.
More informationMETATARSAL FRACTURE (Including Jones and Dancer s Fractures)
METATARSAL FRACTURE (Including Jones and Dancer s Fractures) Description Possible Complications Metatarsal fracture is a broken bone (fracture) in the middle Nonunion (fracture does not heal, particularly
More informationMEDIAL HEAD GASTROCNEMIUS TEAR (Tennis Leg)
MEDIAL HEAD GASTROCNEMIUS TEAR (Tennis Leg) Description Expected Outcome Medial head gastrocnemius tear is a strain of the inner part (medial head) of the major calf muscle (gastrocnemius muscle). Muscle
More informationPatellofemoral Pain Syndrome
What is patellofemoral pain syndrome? Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Patellofemoral pain syndrome is pain behind the kneecap. It has been given many names, including patellofemoral disorder, patellar malalignment,
More informationCAST CARE. Helping Broken Bones Heal
CAST CARE Helping Broken Bones Heal When You Need a Cast Are you injured and in need of a cast? Don t worry, you ll get through it. Wearing a cast will help your injured body part heal. Healing takes time,
More informationE. Guţu, V. Iacub, D. Casian, G. Cristalov DRESSINGS AND BANDAGES. Methodical recommendation for III year students of medical faculty
Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Republic of Moldova State University of Medicine and Pharmacy N.Testemiţanu Chair of General Surgery and Semiology E. Guţu, V. Iacub, D. Casian, G. Cristalov
More informationJoint Injuries and Disorders
Joint Injuries and Disorders Introduction A joint is where two or more bones come together. Your joints include the knees, hips, elbows and shoulders. There are many types of joint disorders, including
More informationPractice Changes I Hope You Make
Is that Bad? What PCPs (& Parents) Need to Know about Fractures Aharon Z. Gladstein, MD Pediatric Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine Texas Children s Hospital Assistant Professor, Orthopaedics Baylor College
More informationNursing Management: Musculoskeletal Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery. By: Aun Lauriz E. Macuja SAC_SN4
Nursing Management: Musculoskeletal Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery By: Aun Lauriz E. Macuja SAC_SN4 The most common cause of musculoskeletal injuries is a traumatic event resulting in fracture, dislocation,
More informationSelective Spine Assessment & Spinal Motion Restriction
Selective Spine Assessment & Spinal Motion Restriction Supersedes: 02-09-15 Effective: 10-20-15 Spinal cord injury may be the result of direct blunt and/or penetrating trauma, compression forces (axial
More informationShenandoah Co. Fire & Rescue. Injuries to. and Spine. December EMS Training Bill Streett Training Section Chief
Shenandoah Co. Fire & Rescue Injuries to the Head and Spine December EMS Training Bill Streett Training Section Chief C.E. Card Information BLS Providers 2 Cards / Provider Category 1 Course # Blank Topic#
More informationACROMIO- CLAVICULAR (A/C) JOINT SPRAIN An IPRS Guide to provide you with exercises and advice to ease your condition
Contents What causes an A/C joint sprain?..................................3 What treatment can I receive?.....................................4 YOUR GUIDE TO ACROMIO- CLAVICULAR (A/C) JOINT SPRAIN An
More informationLOW BACK PAIN. what you can do
LOW BACK PAIN what you can do Back pain Nearly 80 percent of adults will experience back pain at some point in their life. The good news is that back pain will normally go away within four to six weeks
More informationPosterior Total Hip Replacement
Posterior Total Hip Replacement Home Care Instructions Full recovery from your total hip replacement surgery is going to take months. This information will help you understand your recovery and care at
More informationDaily. Workout MOBILITY WARM UP Exercise Descriptions. (See Below)
MOBILITY WARM UP Pelvic Tilt Lateral Pelvic Tilt Hip Circles Lateral Spine Glide Spinal Flexion and Extension Lateral Spinal Flexion Neck Juts and Tucks Neck Glides Arm Screws Arm Circles Elbow Circles
More informationWhite Sands Guide for a Healthy Back
White Sands Guide for a Healthy Back 7157 Curtiss Ave. Sarasota, FL 34231 Phone: (941) 924-9525 www.aquaticsphysicaltherapy.com Home of the Spinal Solutions Program 1 What Causes Back Pain? Since the lower
More informationNEWBORN NURSES POLICY AND PROCEDURES. PURPOSE: Varying positions helps to stimulate physiological functioning and provides rest.
NEWBORN NURSES POLICY AND PROCEDURES SUBJECT: POSITIONING EFFECTIVE DATE: 6/91 PURPOSE: Varying positions helps to stimulate physiological functioning and provides rest. POLICY: 1. The nurse will vary
More informationLow Back Pain Home Exercises
Low Back Pain Home Exercises General Instructions The low back exercise program is a series of stretching exercises and strengthening exercises prescribed by your physician for your medical condition.
More informationERI Safety Videos Videos for Safety Meetings. ERGONOMICS EMPLOYEE TRAINING: Preventing Musculoskeletal Disorders. Leader s Guide 2001, ERI PRODUCTIONS
ERI Safety Videos Videos for Safety Meetings 2120 ERGONOMICS EMPLOYEE TRAINING: Preventing Musculoskeletal Disorders Leader s Guide 2001, ERI PRODUCTIONS ERGONOMICS EMPLOYEE TRAINING: Preventing Musculoskeletal
More informationRehabilitation for Patellar Tendinitis (jumpers knee) and Patellofemoral Syndrome (chondromalacia patella)
Rehabilitation for Patellar Tendinitis (jumpers knee) and Patellofemoral Syndrome (chondromalacia patella) Patellar Tendinitis The most common tendinitis about the knee is irritation of the patellar tendon.
More informationCorrecting Joint Contractures
559 Correcting Joint Contractures CHAPTER 59 In this chapter we discuss different aids used for gradually straightening limbs that have joint contractures. Information on contractures, their causes and
More informationWellness 360 Online Nutrition Counseling* Session 6: Being Active A Way of Life
Wellness 360 Online Nutrition Counseling* Session 6: Being Active A Way of Life. powered by WELLSTAR 360 Session 6: Overview Be Active It s Your Choice! This session focuses on how to become more physically
More informationA Patient s Guide to Elbow Dislocation
A Patient s Guide to Elbow Dislocation 2 Introduction When the joint surfaces of an elbow are forced apart, the elbow is dislocated. The elbow is the second most commonly dislocated joint in adults (after
More informationUNIT 4: DISASTER MEDICAL OPERATIONS
UNIT 4: DISASTER MEDICAL OPERATIONS PART 2 Patient Evaluation: How to perform a head-to-toe assessment to identify and treat injuries. Basic Treatment How to: Treat burns Dress and bandage wounds Treat
More informationPHASE ONE: THE FIRST SIX WEEKS AFTER INJURY
Exercises After Injury to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) of the Knee Dr. Abigail R. Hamilton, M.D. PHASE ONE: THE FIRST SIX WEEKS AFTER INJURY Initially, the knee needs to be protected-use the knee
More informationLocation of Pain/Symptoms Where do you feel the pain/symptoms? Can you point with one finger to location of pain? Is the pain general or localized?
Injury Evaluation History A complete and accurate medical history is one of the most important and useful parts of the clinical examination. A complete history consists of past history and a history of
More informationLow Back Program Exercises
Low Back Program Exercises Exercise 1: Knee to Chest Starting Position: Lie on your back on a table or firm surface. Action: Clasp your hands behind the thigh and pull it towards your chest. Keep the opposite
More informationNASTICS TEAM GAZETTE
NASTICS TEAM GAZETTE Volume 1 Issue 1 Wayne Thoden Flexibility Hello everyone, I am often asked by parents as to what they can do at home to help their daughter with gymnastics. The advice I give most
More informationAnterior Shoulder Instability
Anterior Shoulder Instability Anterior shoulder instability typically results from a dislocation injury to the shoulder joint when the humeral head (ball) of the humerus (upper arm bone) is displaced from
More informationThe Shoulder Complex. Anatomy. Articulations 12/11/2017. Oak Ridge High School Conroe, Texas. Clavicle Collar Bone Scapula Shoulder Blade Humerus
The Shoulder Complex Oak Ridge High School Conroe, Texas Anatomy Clavicle Collar Bone Scapula Shoulder Blade Humerus Articulations Sternoclavicular SC joint. Sternum and Clavicle. Acromioclavicular AC
More informationINJURIES CHEST, ABDOMEN, LIMBS. FN Brno November 2011
INJURIES CHEST, ABDOMEN, LIMBS FN Brno November 2011 Injury Chest Abdomen Limbs Injury to the rib cage Fractured one or more ribs Sharp pain at the site of fracture Pain on taking a deep breath Shallow
More information