The Skeletal System. Support Systems Unit 2

Transcription

1 The Skeletal System Support Systems Unit 2

2 The Basic Functions of the Skeletal System Hematopoiesis Structure Support Muscle Attachment and Movement Mineral Storage

3 Axial vs. Appendicular The Axial Skeleton Contains the bones that are along the long axis of the body, or the bones of the head and trunk The Appendicular Skeleton Contains the bones of the extremities (or appendages) Includes the pectoral girdles, pelvic girdles, and the bones of the arms and legs

4 Bones of the Cranium Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Maxillae Mandible

5 Frontal Bone Forms the forehead Forms the roof of the eye sockets

6 Parietal Bones Consists of two bones Forms the sides and roof of the cranial cavity

7 Temporal Bones Consists of two bones Forms the lower sides of the cranium and part of the cranial floor

8 Occipital Bone The base of the cranial cavity Prominent posterior portion

9 Maxillae The upper jaw

10 Mandible Lower jaw bone

11 The Vertebral Column Composed of 33 bones Encloses and protects the spinal cord Supports the head

12 Bones of the Vertebral Column Cervical Vertebrae 7 bones located in the neck Thoracic Vertebrae 12 bones connected to the ribs Lumbar Vertebrae 5 bones in the lower back Sacral Vertebrae 5 pelvic bones Coccygeal Vertebrae 4 tailbones

13 Vertebral Curvatures

14 Bones of the Thoracic Cavity Sternum Xiphoid Process Ribs

15 Bones of the Upper Extremities Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges

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17 Bones of the Pelvis Ilium Ischium Pubis Together these three bones are fused and are called the os coxae The fused os coxae articulate with the sacrum

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19 Bones of the Lower Extremities Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges

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21 Joints Where two bones articulate The points of contact between bones Hinge Joints Gliding Joints Ball and Socket Joints

22 Hinge Joints Allows for extension and flexion

23 Gliding Joints Bones slide past each other

24 Ball and Socket Joints Allows for rotational movement in almost any direction

25 Disease and Disorders Fractures Scoliosis Kyphosis Lordosis Osteoarthritis

26 Fractures Types of fractures Closed or simple fracture The bone is broken and the skin is intact Open or compound fracture The bone is broken and the skin is cut by the bone

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28 Scoliosis Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

29 Kyphosis and Lordosis Kyphosis- abnormally enlarged thoracic curve (humpback) Lordosis- abnormally enlarged lumbar curve (swayback)

30 Osteoarthritis Arthritis that is caused by the breakdown and loss of cartilage in the joints

31 Careers Radiologist Radiology Technician Chiropractor Physical Therapist Physical Therapy Assistant Physical Therapy Aide

32 Radiologist Medical doctors who have specialized in radiology during their internship and residency. College (4 years), Med school (3 or 4 years), and then internship/residency (3-5 years). So that's 10 to 13 years after high school Directs medical imaging technologist to diagnose and treat diseases and disorders Reads x-rays, MRI, CT scans Average : $300, 000 Radiologist video

33 Radiology Technician Specialize in diagnostic imaging Take x-rays, MRI, CT, Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasonography Associate degree for x-ray certification Bachelors degree for further specialization MRI, CT, Nuclear Med and Ultrasound Average salary: $30-35,000 A Day in the Life - Radiological Technician - YouTube

34 Chiropractor Diagnoses and treats mechanical disorders of the spine and musculoskeletal system Provide natural, drug less, non surgical treatments like adjustments and joint alignments Earn Doctorate of Chiropractic = 8 years Average Salary- $65, ,000 youniversity chiropractor

35 Physical Therapist Help restore function, improve mobility, relieve pain and prevent or limit permanent physical disabilities of patients suffering from injuries or diseases Masters degree (6years) Salary : $60-85,000 Physical Therapy (long but good)

36 Physical Therapy Assistant Works under direction and supervision of a physical therapist Perform exercises, massages, electric stimulation, hot and cold packs, traction and ultrasound to patients Complete Physical Therapy Assistant Program= 2 years- Associates degree Salary- $35-55,000

37 Physical Therapy Aide Under close supervision of a physical therapist or physical therapy assistant Perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include preparing the patient and the treatment area. On the job training Salary- $8-15 per hour

38 Vocabulary- Word Parts Costo- Chondro- Cranio- Thoraco- Hemato- Cephal- Cervico- Arthro- Osteo- Vertebro- rib cartilage skull or cranium chest or chest wall blood cranial or head neck, neck of an organ joint bone vertebra

39 Vocabulary- word parts Inter- between intercostal (between the ribs) Sub- under, beneath, less than Sublingual (under the tongue) -poiesis formation or production of Hematopoiesis (production of blood) -malacia -al softening of tissue Osteomalacic (softening of bone) relating to Vertebral (relating to the vertebrae)

40 Vocabulary- word parts -genesis generation, reproduction Osteogenesis (generation of bone cells) -tomy cutting into, incision Craniotomy (cutting into the skull) -ectomy excision, removal of -ic Appendectomy (removal of the appendix) characteristic of, relating to Thoracic (relating to the chest)

41 Vocabulary Thoracic Cranium Extremities X-ray Hematopoieses Vertebrae pertaining to the chest or thorax the portion of the skull that encloses the brain the arms and legs type of diagnostic imaging production of blood cells any of the 33 bones of the spinal column