Lever system. Rigid bar. Fulcrum. Force (effort) Resistance (load)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Lever system. Rigid bar. Fulcrum. Force (effort) Resistance (load)"

Transcription

1

2 Lever system lever is any elongated, rigid (bar) object that move or rotates around a fixed point called the fulcrum when force is applied to overcome resistance. Force (effort) Resistance (load) R Rigid bar Fulcrum

3 Force= effort Effort arm: perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the fulcrum. Resistance: load Lever system Resistance arm: perpendicular from the fulcrum to the point of resistance. Resistance (load) R Force (effort) Resistance arm Effort arm Fulcrum

4 Lever system Mechanical advantage (MA): is the way to measure the efficacy of this machine that means the ability of the machine to magnify force or to increase output in relation to the input. Mechanical advantage (MA) of a lever is the ratio of its output force to its input force. MA = Length of the effort arm(ea) Length of the resistance arm (RA)

5 Lever system If MA >1.0, the lever will produce more force, but less speed or distance, than the force exerted on it. If MA < 1.0, the lever will produce more speed or distance, but less force, than the input. If MA = 1.0, the lever function is to change the direction of motion or balance the lever. Resistance (load) Force (effort) R Rigid bar Resistance arm Fulcrum Effort arm

6 Human equivalents Bone rigid bar Joint axis fulcrum Muscles effort Resistance weight of segment + any weight. Effort arm MA of muscle force Resistance arm MA of Gravity line of action

7 Human equivalents: Lever system Biceps brachii R Radius E Fulcrum F

8 Classification of Lever Three classes of levers differ with respect to which component- the fulcrum (F), effort (E) (point of application of muscular force), or resistance (R) (point of application of resistance)- is in the middle.

9 Classification of Lever First-class lever: is one with the fulcrum in the middle. Resistance (load) Force (effort) R Resistance arm Effort arm

10 Classification of Lever Mechanical advantage of the first class: 1 MA 1 According position of fulcrum Resistance (load) Force (effort) Resistance (load) Force (effort) R MA more than 1 R MA less than 1 Resistance arm Effort arm Resistance arm Effort arm Resistance (load) Force (effort) R MA equal 1 Resistance arm Effort arm

11 Classification of Lever Functions of the 1 st class of lever: 1. Magnify force. 2. Gain high speed and ROM. 3. Balance of force. 4. Changing direction of forces.

12 Anatomical example Axial skeleton F Effort: Neck extensors Fulcrum: Atlanto-occipital joint Resistance: Wt. of head R E

13 Upper limb Effort: Elbow extensors (Triceps) Fulcrum: Axis of elbow joint Resistance: Wt. of forearm &hand E F R R

14 Lower limb (Non-weight bearing) Effort: Plantar flexors (calf ms) Fulcrum: Axis of ankle joint Resistance: Wt. of the foot

15 Classification of Lever Second class of lever: is one in which the resistance is in the middle. Force (effort) Resistance (load) Force (effort) Resistance (load) R Fulcrum Fulcrum Fulcrum Resistance Force (effort)

16 Classification of Lever Functions of the 2 nd class of lever: 1. Magnify force. 2. Converse energy: muscle can use less amount of force with minimum energy to produce big work.

17 Anatomical example Axial skeleton Effort: Masseter ms Fulcrum: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Resistance: Food located at the posterior aspect of the mouth F R E

18 Upper limb Effort: Brachioradialis ms Fulcrum: Elbow joint. Resistance: Wt. of forearm &hand F R E

19 Lower limb Weight bearing (stand on toes) Effort: Plantar flexors (calf ms) Fulcrum: Base of toes Resistance: Body wt.

20 Classification of Lever Third class of lever: the effort is applied between the fulcrum and resistance. Force (effort) Resistance (load) R Resistance R Fulcrum Fulcrum Effort

21 Classification of Lever Functions of the 3 rd class of lever: as the effort arm is always less than the resistance arm. So large effort is needed to overcome a moderate resistance: 1. Increase ROM 2. Increase speed.

22 Anatomical example Axial skeleton Effort: Masseter ms Fulcrum: TMJ Resistance: Food located in the front part of the mouth F E R

23 Upper limb Effort: Biceps brachii ms Fulcrum: Elbow Jt Rsistance: Wt. of forearm &hand& any wt

24 Lower limb Effort: Quadriceps ms Fulcrum: Knee Jt Resistance: Wt. of leg & foot F E R

25 Torque or Moment of Force Torque is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis, fulcrum, or pivot. Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist. The moment of force about any point is equal to the magnitude of the force multiplied by the perpendicular distance from the action line of the force to that point: M=(F) X (D)

26 Moment Arm Perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis of rotation. Axis Moment arm Vector of force

27 Clinical application Active Resisted Exercises: applying resistance during exercises, the muscular contraction or effort depends on: 1. The distance from the point of application of the resistance to the fulcrum. The longer the resistance arm the greater will be its effect and the greater will be the effort produced by the muscle. 2. The angle: resistance applied at right angle is efficient than that applied at acute or obtuse angle.

28 Class of Lever in Two-joint Muscles Biarticular muscles: a muscle which pass over two joint at the same time. Biarticular muscles are: 2 nd class of lever over the proximal joint and 3 rd class over the distal joint.

29 Examples Rectus femoris: pass over the hip and knee (act: hip flexion{2 nd class} and knee extension {3 rd class}). Gastrocnemius: pass over the knee and ankle (act: knee flexion {2 nd class} and ankle planter flexion {3 rd class}). Biceps brachii : pass over the shoulder and the elbow (act: shoulder {2 nd class} and elbow flexion {3 rd class}).

30 Characteristics of Two Joint Muscles 1. Act on more than one joint at the same time so they are more efficient in performing patterns of movement. 2. Active insufficiency: when a two joint muscles shortened over the two joints at the same time, it will lose its tension after a certain limit. It means that muscle cannot produce its complete tension at both joints at the same time. So the muscle loses its tension over one joint to complete the ROM over the other joint.

31 Characteristics of Two Joint Muscles Advantage of active insufficiency: Tendon muscle action (tenodesis): is the movement that occur in one joint due to passive tension of the muscle in the other joint when muscle passes over two joints at the same time. Tenodesis can be used to correct pattern of spasticity in patients with Upper Motor Neuron Lesion {UMNL} (facilitation of the fingers extensors).

32 Rectus femoris: pass over the hip and knee (act: hip flexion and knee extension ). To complete full ROM of hip flexion, the rectus femoris will loose the knee extension firstly.

33 Characteristics of Two Joint Muscles 3. Passive insufficiency: lengthening of the two joint muscle at the same time, it will cause pain after certain limit.

34 Pulley Is a simple machine that performs a mechanical job. It consists of a grooved wheel and a cord or rope running over it.

35 Function of the pulleys: Pulley 1. Change the direction of a force. 2. Balance force as the first class of lever. 3. Modify the effect of force. 4. Magnify forces via increasing the mechanical advantages.

36 Types of Pulleys: Pulley 1. Fixed pulleys: has a fixed axle (the only example of pulleys in the human body). 2. Mobile pulleys: has a free axle (used in exercises). 3. Mixed pulleys: combination between fixed and mobile pulleys. It is used in exercises.

37 Pulley system The pulley is represented in the body as: Wheel : bony component External bone: sesamoid bone as the patella. Bony prominence: condyles, trochanters and tuberosity. Rope: muscles or tendon Patella acts as an external pulley for the tendon of the quadriceps

38 Patella as a Pulley Patella acts as an external pulley for the tendon of the quadriceps?????

39 Function Patella as a Pulley Move the muscle away from the joint axis. Increase the moment arm of the muscle up to 4.9cm. Increase the torque of the quadriceps (F m x d). Increase the angle of pull of the muscle. Increase the magnitude of the vertical or rotatory component of the quadriceps muscle (F sin ɵ). Increase the efficiency of the quadriceps during extension of the knee. Improve mechanical advantage of tibia by improving line of action of the muscle.

40 Pisiform bone as a Pulley Act as a pulley for the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris. It increases the angle of pull of the muscle so increase its efficiency. Insertion: Pisiform, hook of hamate bone & 5 th metacarpal bone

41 Lateral Malleolus as a Pulley Part of the Mortise (lower end of the tibia and fibula with the upper surface of the talus). It acts as a pulley for the tendon of the peroneus longus muscle as it passes behind the lateral Malleolus. If this muscle does not pass behind the lateral Malleolus, its action will be eversion and dorsiflexion. So its force direction is changed and improve its performance.

42 Lateral Malleolus

43 Condyles acting as pulleys Medial femoral condyle: act as pulley for the gracilis muscle Dorsal tubercle of the radius: extensor pollicis longus (improve function of the thumb in extension and aids in extension of the wrist. Condyles of the interphalangeal joint: flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus.

44 Condyles acting as pulleys Gracilis Extensor pollicis longus

What is Kinesiology? Basic Biomechanics. Mechanics

What is Kinesiology? Basic Biomechanics. Mechanics What is Kinesiology? The study of movement, but this definition is too broad Brings together anatomy, physiology, physics, geometry and relates them to human movement Lippert pg 3 Basic Biomechanics the

More information

In which arm muscle are intramuscular injections most often given? (not in text)

In which arm muscle are intramuscular injections most often given? (not in text) AP1 Lab 9 - Muscles of the Arms and Legs Locate the following muscles on the models and on yourself. Recall anatomical position. Directional terms such as anterior, posterior, lateral, etc. all assume

More information

BLUE SKY SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL MASSAGE AND THERAPEUTIC BODYWORK. Musculoskeletal Anatomy & Kinesiology MUSCLES, MOVEMENTS & BIOMECHANICS

BLUE SKY SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL MASSAGE AND THERAPEUTIC BODYWORK. Musculoskeletal Anatomy & Kinesiology MUSCLES, MOVEMENTS & BIOMECHANICS BLUE SKY SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL MASSAGE AND THERAPEUTIC BODYWORK Musculoskeletal Anatomy & Kinesiology MUSCLES, MOVEMENTS & BIOMECHANICS MSAK101-I Session 7 Learning Objectives: 1. List the three types

More information

BLUE SKY SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL MASSAGE AND THERAPEUTIC BODYWORK Musculoskeletal Anatomy & Kinesiology KNEE & ANKLE MUSCLES

BLUE SKY SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL MASSAGE AND THERAPEUTIC BODYWORK Musculoskeletal Anatomy & Kinesiology KNEE & ANKLE MUSCLES BLUE SKY SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL MASSAGE AND THERAPEUTIC BODYWORK Musculoskeletal Anatomy & Kinesiology KNEE & ANKLE MUSCLES MSAK201-I Session 3 1) REVIEW a) THIGH, LEG, ANKLE & FOOT i) Tibia Medial Malleolus

More information

Lab 9: Learn origin and insertion for each of the listed muscles. For Exercise 15, do Activities 1-6 in 9 th edition, Activities 1-4 in 10 th edition

Lab 9: Learn origin and insertion for each of the listed muscles. For Exercise 15, do Activities 1-6 in 9 th edition, Activities 1-4 in 10 th edition The Muscular System Exercises 14, 15, and 16 (begins: page 187 in 9 th and 10 th editions) Exercises 12, 13, and 14 (begins: page 185 in 11 th edition, page 189 in 12 th edition) Lab 8 and 9 Objectives

More information

Figure 11-1: The lever-fulcrum principle is illustrated by flexion of the forearm.

Figure 11-1: The lever-fulcrum principle is illustrated by flexion of the forearm. Chapter 11: The Muscular System Read pages 325 to 399 NAME Topic Outline And Objectives: A. How skeletal muscles produce movement, and naming muscles 1. Describe the relationship between bones and skeletal

More information

Introduction to Biomechanical Analysis

Introduction to Biomechanical Analysis Introduction to Biomechanical Analysis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of this laboratory exercise the student will be able to: Identify forces used during activities Identify moments used during activities

More information

Practical 1 Worksheet

Practical 1 Worksheet Practical 1 Worksheet ANATOMICAL TERMS 1. Use the word bank to fill in the missing words. reference side stand body arms palms anatomical forward All anatomical terms have a(n) point which is called the

More information

Lab Activity 11: Group II

Lab Activity 11: Group II Lab Activity 11: Group II Muscles Martini Chapter 11 Portland Community College BI 231 Origin and Insertion Origin: The place where the fixed end attaches to a bone, cartilage, or connective tissue. Insertion:

More information

Overview of the Human Arm Anatomy

Overview of the Human Arm Anatomy Senior MESA Day Overview of the Human Arm Anatomy Bones, Joints, Muscles Review Arm Motion Kinematics: types of motion, location of motion, direction of motion, magnitude of motion, and degrees of freedom

More information

Anatomy & Physiology. Muscles of the Lower Limbs.

Anatomy & Physiology. Muscles of the Lower Limbs. Anatomy & Physiology Muscles of the Lower Limbs http://www.ishapeup.com/musclecharts.html Muscles of the Lower Limbs Among the strongest muscles in the body. Because pelvic girdle is composed of heavy,

More information

Basics of kinetics. Kinesiology RHS 341 Lecture 7 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa

Basics of kinetics. Kinesiology RHS 341 Lecture 7 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa Basics of kinetics Kinesiology RHS 341 Lecture 7 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa Mass The amount of matter in an object Weight A force, which depends on the mass and acceleration Free-body analysis A technique of looking

More information

Muscles of the Hip 1. Tensor Fasciae Latae O: iliac crest I: lateral femoral condyle Action: abducts the thigh Nerve: gluteal nerve

Muscles of the Hip 1. Tensor Fasciae Latae O: iliac crest I: lateral femoral condyle Action: abducts the thigh Nerve: gluteal nerve Muscles of the Hip 1. Tensor Fasciae Latae O: iliac crest I: lateral femoral condyle Action: abducts the thigh Nerve: gluteal nerve 2. Gluteus Maximus O: ilium I: femur Action: abduct the thigh Nerve:

More information

*Agonists are the main muscles responsible for the action. *Antagonists oppose the agonists and can help neutralize actions. Since many muscles have

*Agonists are the main muscles responsible for the action. *Antagonists oppose the agonists and can help neutralize actions. Since many muscles have 1 *Agonists are the main muscles responsible for the action. *Antagonists oppose the agonists and can help neutralize actions. Since many muscles have more than 1 action sometimes a muscle has to neutralize

More information

Human Anatomy Lab #7: Muscles of the Cadaver

Human Anatomy Lab #7: Muscles of the Cadaver Human Anatomy Lab #7: Muscles of the Cadaver Table of Contents: Expected Learning Outcomes.... 1 Introduction...... 1 Identifying Muscles on Yourself.... 2 Muscles of the Anterior Trunk and Arm.. 2 Muscles

More information

CHAPTER 8: THE BIOMECHANICS OF THE HUMAN LOWER EXTREMITY

CHAPTER 8: THE BIOMECHANICS OF THE HUMAN LOWER EXTREMITY CHAPTER 8: THE BIOMECHANICS OF THE HUMAN LOWER EXTREMITY _ 1. The hip joint is the articulation between the and the. A. femur, acetabulum B. femur, spine C. femur, tibia _ 2. Which of the following is

More information

Maximal isokinetic and isometric muscle strength of major muscle groups related to age, body weight, height, and sex in 178 healthy subjects

Maximal isokinetic and isometric muscle strength of major muscle groups related to age, body weight, height, and sex in 178 healthy subjects Maximal isokinetic and isometric muscle strength of major muscle groups related to age, body weight, height, and sex in 178 healthy subjects Test protocol Muscle test procedures. Prior to each test participants

More information

The Lower Limb VI: The Leg. Anatomy RHS 241 Lecture 6 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa

The Lower Limb VI: The Leg. Anatomy RHS 241 Lecture 6 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa The Lower Limb VI: The Leg Anatomy RHS 241 Lecture 6 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa Muscles of the leg Posterior compartment (superficial & deep): primary plantar flexors of the foot flexors of the toes Anterior compartment:

More information

Anatomy. Anatomy deals with the structure of the human body, and includes a precise language on body positions and relationships between body parts.

Anatomy. Anatomy deals with the structure of the human body, and includes a precise language on body positions and relationships between body parts. Anatomy deals with the structure of the human body, and includes a precise language on body positions and relationships between body parts. Proper instruction on safe and efficient exercise technique requires

More information

2/4/2018. Identify the two reasons why muscle cells may go through muscle fatigue. Ch.7 Review. Sternocleidomastoid.

2/4/2018. Identify the two reasons why muscle cells may go through muscle fatigue. Ch.7 Review. Sternocleidomastoid. Ch.7 Review Identify the two reasons why muscle cells may go through muscle fatigue Temporalis Depressor anguli oris Sternocleidomastoid Tibialis anterior 1 Gluteus medius Deltoid Adducts & rotates scapula

More information

Year 2004 Paper one: Questions supplied by Megan

Year 2004 Paper one: Questions supplied by Megan QUESTION 47 A 58yo man is noted to have a right foot drop three days following a right total hip replacement. On examination there is weakness of right ankle dorsiflexion and toe extension (grade 4/5).

More information

Muscular Nomenclature and Kinesiology - One

Muscular Nomenclature and Kinesiology - One Chapter 16 Muscular Nomenclature and Kinesiology - One Lessons 1-3 (with lesson 4) 1 Introduction 122 major muscles covered in this chapter Chapter divided into nine lessons Kinesiology study of human

More information

Location Terms. Anterior and posterior. Proximal and Distal The term proximal (Latin proximus; nearest) describes where the appendage joins the body.

Location Terms. Anterior and posterior. Proximal and Distal The term proximal (Latin proximus; nearest) describes where the appendage joins the body. HUMAN ANAT OMY Location Terms Anterior and posterior In human anatomical usage, anterior refers to the front of the individual. Similarly, posterior refers to the back of the subject. In standard anatomical

More information

Muscle Testing of Knee Extensors. Yasser Moh. Aneis, PhD, MSc., PT. Lecturer of Physical Therapy Basic Sciences Department

Muscle Testing of Knee Extensors. Yasser Moh. Aneis, PhD, MSc., PT. Lecturer of Physical Therapy Basic Sciences Department Muscle Testing of Knee Extensors Yasser Moh. Aneis, PhD, MSc., PT. Lecturer of Physical Therapy Basic Sciences Department Muscle Testing of Knee Extensors othe Primary muscle Quadriceps Femoris -Rectus

More information

Musculoskeletal System. Terms. Origin (Proximal Attachment) Insertion (Distal Attachment)

Musculoskeletal System. Terms. Origin (Proximal Attachment) Insertion (Distal Attachment) Musculoskeletal System Terms Origin (Proximal Attachment) Insertion (Distal Attachment) Agonist- prime mover Antagonist- provides a braking force Synergist- assists indirectly in the movement Musculoskeletal

More information

BIO130 Lab Practice Exam 2 Questions

BIO130 Lab Practice Exam 2 Questions BIO130 Lab Practice Exam 2 Questions 1. Refer to Figure 1 and answer the following: Name the covering labeled Name the tubular portion labeled Name the hollow part labeled Name the material labeled Name

More information

Muscles to know. Lab 21. Muscles of the Pelvis and Lower Limbs. Muscles that Position the Lower Limbs. Generally. Muscles that Move the Thigh

Muscles to know. Lab 21. Muscles of the Pelvis and Lower Limbs. Muscles that Position the Lower Limbs. Generally. Muscles that Move the Thigh Muscles to know Lab 21 Muscles of the Pelvis, Leg and Foot psoas major iliacus gluteus maximus gluteus medius sartorius quadriceps femoris (4) gracilus adductor longus biceps femoris semitendinosis semimembranosus

More information

The Human Muscular System Required reading before beginning this lab: Saladin, KS: Human Anatomy 5th ed (2017) Chapters 10, 11, 12 INTRODUCTION

The Human Muscular System Required reading before beginning this lab: Saladin, KS: Human Anatomy 5th ed (2017) Chapters 10, 11, 12 INTRODUCTION Biology 322: Human Anatomy The Human Muscular System Required reading before beginning this lab: Saladin, KS: Human Anatomy 5 th ed (2017) Chapters 10, 11, 12 INTRODUCTION We will use a number of lab periods

More information

Human Anatomy, First Edition McKinley & O'Loughlin

Human Anatomy, First Edition McKinley & O'Loughlin Human Anatomy, First Edition McKinley & O'Loughlin Chapter 8 : Appendicular Skeleton 8-1 Appendicular Skeleton Includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs. The girdles of bones that attach the upper

More information

CHAPTER 1: 1.1 Muscular skeletal system. Question - text book page 16. Question - text book page 20 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. Answers

CHAPTER 1: 1.1 Muscular skeletal system. Question - text book page 16. Question - text book page 20 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. Answers QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS CHAPTER 1: 1.1 Muscular skeletal system Question - text book page 16 Using the information on pages 12 to 14 above, complete the table below. joint joint type articulating bones associated

More information

SKELETAL MUSCLE ANATOMY

SKELETAL MUSCLE ANATOMY SKELETAL MUSCLE ANATOMY OUTLINE I. Anatomical Terms of Motion II. Head, Face & Neck Muscles III. Anterior Torso Muscles IV. Posterior Torso Muscles V. Arm & Shoulder Muscles VI. Leg & Hip Muscles 2 ANATOMICAL

More information

Understanding Leg Anatomy and Function THE UPPER LEG

Understanding Leg Anatomy and Function THE UPPER LEG Understanding Leg Anatomy and Function THE UPPER LEG The long thigh bone is the femur. It connects to the pelvis to form the hip joint and then extends down to meet the tibia (shin bone) at the knee joint.

More information

BIOH111. o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Skeletal system o Integumentary system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system

BIOH111. o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Skeletal system o Integumentary system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system BIOH111 o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Skeletal system o Integumentary system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system TEXTBOOK AND REQUIRED/RECOMMENDED READINGS o Principles of anatomy and

More information

Chapter 6 part 2. Skeletal Muscles of the Body

Chapter 6 part 2. Skeletal Muscles of the Body Chapter 6 part 2 Skeletal Muscles of the Body Basic Principles 600 + muscles in the human body (you are required to learn 45, lucky kids)! Skeletal Muscles pull on bones Origin of a muscle = point of attachment

More information

ARM Brachium Musculature

ARM Brachium Musculature ARM Brachium Musculature Coracobrachialis coracoid process of the scapula medial shaft of the humerus at about its middle 1. flexes the humerus 2. assists to adduct the humerus Blood: muscular branches

More information

When a muscle contracts, it knows no direction; it simply shortens. Lippert

When a muscle contracts, it knows no direction; it simply shortens. Lippert When a muscle contracts, it knows no direction; it simply shortens. Lippert Muscle is the sole producer of active force in the body which makes it responsible for all active motions. Muscles also control

More information

MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LIMBS

MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LIMBS MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LIMBS Naming, location and general function Dr. Nabil khouri ROLES THAT SHOULD NOT BE FORGOTTEN Most anterior compartment muscles of the hip and thigh Flexor of the femur at the hip

More information

Chapter 8 The Skeletal System: The Appendicular Skeleton. Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Chapter 8 The Skeletal System: The Appendicular Skeleton. Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 8 The Skeletal System: The Appendicular Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton It includes bones of the upper and lower limbs Girdles attach the limbs to the axial skeleton The pectoral girdle consists

More information

Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle

Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle Chapter 8 Skeletal System: Appendicular Skeleton Pectoral girdle Pelvic girdle Upper limbs Lower limbs 8-1 Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle Consists of scapula and clavicle Clavicle articulates with sternum

More information

Muscles of the Upper Limb

Muscles of the Upper Limb Muscles of the Upper Limb anterior surface of ribs 3 5 coracoid process Pectoralis minor pectoral nerves protracts / depresses scapula Serratus anterior Subclavius ribs 1-8 long thoracic nerve rib 1 ----------------

More information

The Muscular System PART C. PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College

The Muscular System PART C. PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College The Muscular System 6 PART C Five Golden Rules of Skeletal Muscle Activity Table 6.2 Muscles and Body

More information

Lecture 2. Statics & Dynamics of Rigid Bodies: Human body 30 August 2018

Lecture 2. Statics & Dynamics of Rigid Bodies: Human body 30 August 2018 Lecture 2. Statics & Dynamics of Rigid Bodies: Human body 30 August 2018 Wannapong Triampo, Ph.D. Static forces of Human Body Equilibrium and Stability Stability of bodies. Equilibrium and Stability Fulcrum

More information

The Lower Limb II. Anatomy RHS 241 Lecture 3 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa

The Lower Limb II. Anatomy RHS 241 Lecture 3 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa The Lower Limb II Anatomy RHS 241 Lecture 3 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa Tibia The larger & medial bone of the leg Functions: Attachment of muscles Transfer of weight from femur to skeleton of the foot Articulations

More information

2º ESO - PE Workbook - IES Joan Miró Physical Education Department THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

2º ESO - PE Workbook - IES Joan Miró Physical Education Department THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM The muscular system is one of 10 organ systems in the human body. The human body has more than 650 muscles, which make up half of a person's body weight. Without muscles, we would not

More information

i;l Contents PART I INTRODUCTIOM TO GONIOMETRY, I ~haoter '1 Basic Conceots. 3 Chapter 2 Procedures, 19 Chapter 3 Validity and Reliability, 39

i;l Contents PART I INTRODUCTIOM TO GONIOMETRY, I ~haoter '1 Basic Conceots. 3 Chapter 2 Procedures, 19 Chapter 3 Validity and Reliability, 39 w Contents i;l PART I INTRODUCTIOM TO GONIOMETRY, I ~haoter '1 Basic Conceots. 3 Goniometry, 3 Joint Motion, 4 Arthrokinematics, 4 Osteokinematics, 5 Planes and Axes, 5 Range of Motion, 6 Active Range

More information

Due in Lab weeks because of Thanksgiving Prelab #10. Homework #8. Both sides! Both sides!

Due in Lab weeks because of Thanksgiving Prelab #10. Homework #8. Both sides! Both sides! Lab 8 MUSCLES Due in Lab 10 2 weeks because of Thanksgiving Prelab #10 Both sides! Homework #8 Both sides! Refer to Muscles 22-23 Naming of muscles Origin Site of muscle attachment that doesn t move during

More information

5.1 Identify, describe the attachments of and deduce the actions of the muscles of the thigh:

5.1 Identify, describe the attachments of and deduce the actions of the muscles of the thigh: 5.1 Identify, describe the attachments of and deduce the actions of the muscles of the thigh: Anterior group Proximal attachment Distal attachment Sartorius ASIS» Upper part of shaft tibia (middle surface)»

More information

Evidence-Based Examination of the Foot Presented by Alexis Wright, PT, PhD, DPT, FAAOMPT Practice Sessions/Skill Check-offs

Evidence-Based Examination of the Foot Presented by Alexis Wright, PT, PhD, DPT, FAAOMPT Practice Sessions/Skill Check-offs Evidence-Based Examination of the Foot Presented by Alexis Wright, PT, PhD, DPT, FAAOMPT Practice Sessions/Skill Check-offs Module Five: Movement Assessment of the Foot/Ankle (1 hour CEU Time) Skilled

More information

Dr Nabil khouri MD. MSc. Ph.D

Dr Nabil khouri MD. MSc. Ph.D Dr Nabil khouri MD. MSc. Ph.D Foot Anatomy The foot consists of 26 bones: 14 phalangeal, 5 metatarsal, and 7 tarsal. Toes are used to balance the body. Metatarsal Bones gives elasticity to the foot in

More information

Neuro Exam Workshop. AAO Convocation, 2018 Drew Lewis, DO, FAAO, FAOCPMR Associate Professor, OMM Department Des Moines University

Neuro Exam Workshop. AAO Convocation, 2018 Drew Lewis, DO, FAAO, FAOCPMR Associate Professor, OMM Department Des Moines University Neuro Exam Workshop AAO Convocation, 2018 Drew Lewis, DO, FAAO, FAOCPMR Associate Professor, OMM Department Des Moines University Table of Contents I. Neuro Exam Screen... 2 A. Inspection... 2 B. Reflexes...

More information

Human Anatomy and Physiology I Laboratory

Human Anatomy and Physiology I Laboratory Human Anatomy and Physiology I Laboratory Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System (Two weeks) 1 This lab involves study of the laboratory exercise Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System. Complete the Review

More information

MCQWeek2. All arise from the common flexor origin. The posterior aspect of the medial epicondyle is the common flexor origin.

MCQWeek2. All arise from the common flexor origin. The posterior aspect of the medial epicondyle is the common flexor origin. MCQWeek2. 1. Regarding superficial muscles of anterior compartment of the forearm: All arise from the common flexor origin. The posterior aspect of the medial epicondyle is the common flexor origin. Flexor

More information

Origins and Insertions Worksheet

Origins and Insertions Worksheet Origins and Insertions Worksheet First, understanding various boney markings and joint structure will help in determining movements that associated with each muscle. For example, if we are analyzing the

More information

Copyright 2004, Yoshiyuki Shiratori. All right reserved.

Copyright 2004, Yoshiyuki Shiratori. All right reserved. Ankle and Leg Evaluation 1. History Chief Complaint: A. What happened? B. Is it a sharp or dull pain? C. How long have you had the pain? D. Can you pinpoint the pain? E. Do you have any numbness or tingling?

More information

A&P 1 Muscle In-Lab Guide

A&P 1 Muscle In-Lab Guide A&P 1 Muscle In-Lab Guide This lab guide includes a table with all the muscles you need to ID, along with their origins, insertions and actions Dashed lines means ignore. If several actions are listed,

More information

Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscle and the Musculoskeletal System

Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscle and the Musculoskeletal System Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscle and the Musculoskeletal System Hamill & Knutzen (Ch 3) Nordin & Frankel (Ch 5), or Hall (Ch. 6) Muscle Properties Ø Irritability Ø Muscle has the capability of receiving

More information

Anatomy and Physiology 141 Exam II November 6, Name Student Number

Anatomy and Physiology 141 Exam II November 6, Name Student Number Anatomy and Physiology 141 Exam II November 6, 2014 Name Student Number 1. In regards to the gross anatomy of muscle, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. Perimysium is more superficial than the epimysium

More information

Anatomy and Physiology II. Review Shoulder Girdle New Material Upper Extremities - Bones

Anatomy and Physiology II. Review Shoulder Girdle New Material Upper Extremities - Bones Anatomy and Physiology II Review Shoulder Girdle New Material Upper Extremities - Bones Anatomy and Physiology II Shoulder Girdle Review Questions From Last Lecture Can you identify the following muscles?

More information

The Muscular System. Chapter 10 Part C. PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Karen Dunbar Kareiva Ivy Tech Community College

The Muscular System. Chapter 10 Part C. PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Karen Dunbar Kareiva Ivy Tech Community College Chapter 10 Part C The Muscular System Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Karen Dunbar Kareiva Ivy Tech Community College Table 10.9: Muscles Crossing the Shoulder

More information

Forearm and Wrist Regions Neumann Chapter 7

Forearm and Wrist Regions Neumann Chapter 7 Forearm and Wrist Regions Neumann Chapter 7 REVIEW AND HIGHLIGHTS OF OSTEOLOGY & ARTHROLOGY Radius dorsal radial tubercle radial styloid process Ulna ulnar styloid process ulnar head Carpals Proximal Row

More information

Leg. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology

Leg. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology Leg Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology Skin of the Leg Cutaneous Nerves Medially: The saphenous nerve, a branch of the femoral nerve supplies the skin on the medial surface

More information

The Human Machine: Biomechanics in Daily Life.

The Human Machine: Biomechanics in Daily Life. The Human Machine: Biomechanics in Daily Life www.fisiokinesiterapia.biz Biomechanics The study or application of mechanics to biological systems. The study of the forces that act on the body and their

More information

Multi-joint Mechanics Dr. Ted Milner (KIN 416)

Multi-joint Mechanics Dr. Ted Milner (KIN 416) Multi-joint Mechanics Dr. Ted Milner (KIN 416) Muscle Function and Activation It is not a straightforward matter to predict the activation pattern of a set of muscles when these muscles act on multiple

More information

Human Anatomy Biology 351

Human Anatomy Biology 351 1 Human Anatomy Biology 351 Upper Limb Exam Please place your name on the back of the last page of this exam. You must answer all questions on this exam. Because statistics demonstrate that, on average,

More information

The Role of Muscles in Movement

The Role of Muscles in Movement The Role of Muscles in Movement Muscles can t push, they can only pull as they contract, so most often body movements are the result of the activity of pairs or teams of muscles acting together or against

More information

Pilates for Brachialis Tendonitis (Tennis Elbow)

Pilates for Brachialis Tendonitis (Tennis Elbow) Pilates for Brachialis Tendonitis (Tennis Elbow) Sally Dunford September 2017 Wimbledon, UK Abstract Tennis Elbow is a term used to describe a painful condition in which the tendons of the elbow are overloaded

More information

Lab Exercise #5 The Muscular System Student Performance Objectives

Lab Exercise #5 The Muscular System Student Performance Objectives Student Performance Objectives The material that you are required to learn in this exercise can be found in either the lecture text or the supplemental materials provided in lab. Prior to coming to class,

More information

Sensory nerve conduction studies

Sensory nerve conduction studies Genomläst 2007-01-31/meg Sensory nerve conduction studies Department of clinical neurophysiology University hospital Uppsala, Sweden 1997-12-16 Björn Falck, Erik Stålberg and Lena Eriksson Department of

More information

WTC II Term 3 Notes & Assessments

WTC II Term 3 Notes & Assessments Term 3 Notes & Assessments Planes of Motion/Axes The body moves in a number of various ways and directions. In the past you have learned about the terminology for movements at specific joints, for example,

More information

Muscles of the Gluteal Region

Muscles of the Gluteal Region Muscles of the Gluteal Region 1 Some of the most powerful in the body Extend the thigh during forceful extension Stabilize the iliotibial band and thoracolumbar fascia Related to shoulders and arms because

More information

The Appendicular Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton 8 The Appendicular Skeleton PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College North Harris 8-1 The Pectoral Girdle The Pectoral Girdle Also called shoulder girdle Connects the

More information

Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems

Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems Bởi: OpenStaxCollege To move the skeleton, the tension created by the contraction of the fibers in most skeletal muscles

More information

Exercise 11. The Appendicular Skeleton

Exercise 11. The Appendicular Skeleton Exercise 11 The Appendicular Skeleton The Appendicular Skeleton The appendicular skeleton contains 126 bones. Consists of the upper and lower limbs, the pectoral girdles, and the pelvic girdles. The pectoral

More information

When a muscle contracts, it knows no direction it simply shortens. Lippert

When a muscle contracts, it knows no direction it simply shortens. Lippert When a muscle contracts, it knows no direction it simply shortens. Lippert Muscles are attached to bones and to describe the relative points of attachment, we use the terms origin and insertion. Lippert,

More information

ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXION

ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXION ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXION Evaluation and Measurements By Isabelle Devreux 1 Ankle Plantar Flexion: Gastrocnemius and Soleus ROM: 0 to 40-45 A. Soleus: Origin: Posterior of head of fibula and proximal1/3 of

More information

Terms of Movements by Prof. Dr. Muhammad Imran Qureshi

Terms of Movements by Prof. Dr. Muhammad Imran Qureshi Terms of Movements by Prof. Dr. Muhammad Imran Qureshi Three systems of the body work in coordination to perform various movements of the body. These are: A System of Bones (Osteology), A System of Muscles

More information

ANYTHING THAT IT IS CARRYING)

ANYTHING THAT IT IS CARRYING) 1) A rigid structure (BONE) Levers in our body are formed from Bones, Joints and Muscles. A lever consists of 2) A force acting upon it (MUSCLE) to produce a turning movement (ANGULAR MOTION) 3) A fulcrum

More information

10/12/2010. Upper Extremity. Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle. Clavicle (collarbone) Skeletal System: Appendicular Skeleton

10/12/2010. Upper Extremity. Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle. Clavicle (collarbone) Skeletal System: Appendicular Skeleton Skeletal System: Appendicular Skeleton Pectoral girdle Pelvic girdle Upper limbs Lower limbs 8-1 Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle Consists of scapula and clavicle Clavicle articulates with sternum (Sternoclavicular

More information

OTM Lecture Gait and Somatic Dysfunction of the Lower Extremity

OTM Lecture Gait and Somatic Dysfunction of the Lower Extremity OTM Lecture Gait and Somatic Dysfunction of the Lower Extremity Somatic Dysfunction Tenderness Asymmetry Range of Motion Tissue Texture Changes Any one of which must be present to diagnosis somatic dysfunction.

More information

MLT Muscle(s) Patient Position Therapist position Stabilization Limb Position Picture Put biceps on slack by bending elbow.

MLT Muscle(s) Patient Position Therapist position Stabilization Limb Position Picture Put biceps on slack by bending elbow. MLT Muscle(s) Patient Position Therapist position Stabilization Limb Position Picture Put biceps on slack by bending elbow. Pectoralis Minor Supine, arm at side, elbows extended, supinated Head of Table

More information

Epicranius (frontal belly) Zygomaticus minor. Zygomaticus major Buccinator

Epicranius (frontal belly) Zygomaticus minor. Zygomaticus major Buccinator Epicranius (frontal belly) Zygomaticus minor Zygomaticus major Buccinator Masseter Digastric (posterior belly) Stylohyoid Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Scalenus Omohyoid (inferior belly) Orbicularis oris

More information

or Everything you ever wanted to know about Muscles, but were afraid to ask!!!

or Everything you ever wanted to know about Muscles, but were afraid to ask!!! The Muscular System or Everything you ever wanted to know about Muscles, but were afraid to ask!!! Did you know that? - more than 50% of body weight is muscle! - And muscle is made up of proteins and water

More information

BIOH111. o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Skeletal system o Integumentary system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system

BIOH111. o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Skeletal system o Integumentary system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system BIOH111 o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Skeletal system o Integumentary system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system TEXTBOOK AND REQUIRED/RECOMMENDED READINGS o Principles of anatomy and

More information

Module 7 - The Muscular System Muscles of the Arm and Trunk

Module 7 - The Muscular System Muscles of the Arm and Trunk Module 7 - The Muscular System Muscles of the Arm and Trunk This Module will cover the muscle anatomy of the arms and trunk. We have already seen the muscles that move the humerus, so this module will

More information

Chapter 11 The Muscular System. Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Chapter 11 The Muscular System. Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 11 The Muscular System Muscle Attachment Sites Skeletal muscles cause movements by exerting force on tendons, which pulls on bones or other structures. the attachment of a tendon to the stationary

More information

Types of Body Movements

Types of Body Movements Types of Body Movements Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Synovial joints allow the body a tremendous range of movements. Each movement at a synovial joint results from the contraction or relaxation of the muscles

More information

Certified Personal Trainer Re-Certification Manual

Certified Personal Trainer Re-Certification Manual Certified Personal Trainer Re-Certification Manual Section II 1 Anatomy & Physiology Terms Anatomy and physiology are closely related fields of study: anatomy is the study of form, and physiology is the

More information

Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscle and the Musculoskeletal System

Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscle and the Musculoskeletal System Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscle and the Musculoskeletal System Hamill & Knutzen (Ch 3) Nordin & Frankel (Ch 5), or Hall (Ch. 6) Muscle Properties 1 Muscle Properties (cont.) Functions of Muscle Produce

More information

Body Mechanics and Range of Motion II

Body Mechanics and Range of Motion II Body Mechanics and Range of Motion II Course Health Science Unit V Safety and Governmental Regulations Essential Question How does proper body movement protect both the Health Care Worker and the patient?

More information

Muscular Analysis of Upper Extremity Exercises McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 8-1

Muscular Analysis of Upper Extremity Exercises McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 8-1 Muscular Analysis of Upper Extremity Exercises 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 8-1 Muscular Analysis of Upper Extremity Exercises Upper extremity - often one of body's weakest areas

More information

Anatomy and Physiology 2016

Anatomy and Physiology 2016 Anatomy and Physiology 2016 O = Temporal line I = coronoid process (Mandible) A = elevates mandible (chewing) O = galea aponeurotica (layer of dense fibrous tissue which covers the upper part of the cranium)

More information

The Massage Routine. Start with your client lying face down - Prone Position. Clean YOUR HANDS and CLIENTS FEET using antibacterial wipes

The Massage Routine. Start with your client lying face down - Prone Position. Clean YOUR HANDS and CLIENTS FEET using antibacterial wipes The Massage Routine Start with your client lying face down - Prone Position Clean YOUR HANDS and CLIENTS FEET using antibacterial wipes!!!! GROUNDING FOR 3 BREATHS TUNE YOUR BREATHING WITH THE CLIENTS!!!

More information

The Muscular System. Chapter 10 Part D. PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Karen Dunbar Kareiva Ivy Tech Community College

The Muscular System. Chapter 10 Part D. PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Karen Dunbar Kareiva Ivy Tech Community College Chapter 10 Part D The Muscular System Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Karen Dunbar Kareiva Ivy Tech Community College Table 10.14: Muscles Crossing the Hip and

More information

Contents of the Posterior Fascial Compartment of the Thigh

Contents of the Posterior Fascial Compartment of the Thigh Contents of the Posterior Fascial Compartment of the Thigh 1-Muscles: B i c e p s f e m o r i s S e m i t e n d i n o s u s S e m i m e m b r a n o s u s a small part of the adductor magnus (h a m s t

More information

Balanced Body Movement Principles

Balanced Body Movement Principles Balanced Body Movement Principles How the Body Works and How to Train it. Module 3: Lower Body Strength and Power Developing Strength, Endurance and Power The lower body is our primary source of strength,

More information

Main Menu. Wrist and Hand Joints click here. The Power is in Your Hands

Main Menu. Wrist and Hand Joints click here. The Power is in Your Hands 1 The Wrist and Hand Joints click here Main Menu K.5 http://www.handsonlineeducation.com/classes/k5/k5entry.htm[3/23/18, 1:40:40 PM] Bones 29 bones, including radius and ulna 8 carpal bones in 2 rows of

More information

Muscle Energy Technique

Muscle Energy Technique PRACTICE SESSION: Muscle Energy Technique BE AN ARTIST and work out the best way for you to use the Muscle Energy Technique (MET). This technique works best when muscles are shortened. If you try MET on

More information

Where should you palpate the pulse of different arteries in the lower limb?

Where should you palpate the pulse of different arteries in the lower limb? Where should you palpate the pulse of different arteries in the lower limb? The femoral artery In the femoral triangle, its pulse is easily felt just inferior to the inguinal ligament midway between the

More information

CHAPTER 13: THE CONDITIONS OF ROTARY MOTION

CHAPTER 13: THE CONDITIONS OF ROTARY MOTION CHAPTER 13: THE CONDITIONS OF ROTARY MOTION KINESIOLOGY Scientific Basis of Human Motion, 12 th edition Hamilton, Weimar & Luttgens Presentation Created by TK Koesterer, Ph.D., ATC Humboldt State University

More information

GENERAL DESCRIPTION. This paper will analyze the holistic dynamic body movement of a professional

GENERAL DESCRIPTION. This paper will analyze the holistic dynamic body movement of a professional THROWING A CROSS PUNCH body movement analysis GENERAL DESCRIPTION This paper will analyze the holistic dynamic body movement of a professional boxer s cross punch. I mentioned professional boxer because

More information