Anatomy Lab: The skeletal system. Part I: Vertebrae and Thoracic cage
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1 ANA Lab: Bone 1 Anatomy Lab: The skeletal system Part I: Vertebrae and Thoracic cage Spine (Vertebrae) Body Vertebral arch Vertebral canal Pedicle Lamina Spinous process Transverse process Sup. articular facets Inf. articular facets Sup. vertebral notch Inf. vertebral notch Intervertebral foramen Cervical vertebrae: 7 Typical (C3-C6) Transverse foramen C1, Atlas C2, Axis: dens C7 Thoracic vertebrae: 12 Typical (T2-T10) T1 T11, 12 Lumbar vertebrae: 5 Typical (L1-4) Sacrum: 5 Ala Anterior sacral foramina Posterior sacral foramina Sacral canal
2 ANA Lab: Bone 2 Sacral hiatus promontory median sacral crest intermediate crest lateral crest Coccyx Horns Transverse process Thoracic cages Ribs: 12 pairs Typical ribs (R3-R10): Head, 2 facets intermediate crest neck tubercle angle costal cartilage costal groove R1 R2 R11,12 Sternum Manubrium of sternum Clavicular notch for sternoclavicular joint body xiphoid process
3 ANA Lab: Bone 3 Part II: Skull and Facial skeleton Skull Cranial skeleton, Calvaria (neurocranium) Facial skeleton (viscerocranium) Overview: identify the margin of each bone Cranial skeleton 1. Lateral view Frontal Temporal Parietal Occipital 2. Cranial base midline: Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Occipital bilateral: Temporal Viscerocranium 1. Anterior view Ethmoid, Vomer, Mandible Maxilla, Zygoma, Nasal, Lacrimal, Inferior nasal chonae, Palatine 2. Inferior view Palatine, Maxilla, Zygoma Sutures: external view vs. internal view Coronal suture Sagittal suture Lambdoid suture External appearance of skull Posterior view external occipital protuberance (inion) external occipital crest superior nuchal line inferior nuchal line Lateral view Frankfurt plane (anatomical position, OrbitoMeatal line) ext. acoustic meatus
4 ANA Lab: Bone 4 level of orbit floor superior temporal line inferior temporal line external acoustic meatus, mastoid process level of anterior, middle., and posterior cranial fossae (lateral view vs.inner view) Anterior view Frontal bone Frontal bone Superciliary arch Glabella Supraorbital foramen (supra-orbital notch) Zygomatic process (of frontal bone) Zygoma (zygomatic bone) Frontal process (of maxilla) Frontal process (of ygoma) Bones in the nose Zygomatic bone Nasion Frontal process of zygoma and maxilla Piriform aperture Nasal septum (bony part) Inferior nasal conchae Maxilla Zygomatic process Infraorbital foramen Alveolar process Lateral view Lateral portion of the calvaria Coronal suture Lambdoid suture Greater wing of sphenoid bone Pterion
5 ANA Lab: Bone 5 Temporal bone Squamous part Zygomatic process; Zygomatic arch Tympanic part External acoustic meatus Mastoid part Mastoid process Styloid process Petrous part, Posterior view Occipital bone Squamous part of occipital bone External occipital protuberance Superior nuchal lines inion Inferior nuchal lines External occipital crest Temporal bones Mastoid notch Superior view Bregma Lambda Inferior view Anterior part Alveolar process Hard palate Palatine process Horizontal plates Palatine bone Intermaxillary suture Incisive fossa/foramen Incisive canals Greater palatine foramina Lesser palatine foramina
6 ANA Lab: Bone 6 Middle part Anterior half Vomer Sphenoid: Body, Greater wing, Lesser wings Body Pterygoid process Medial plate Lateral plate Pterygoid fossa Pterygoid hamulus Posterior half Occipital bone Basilar part; Lateral parts; Squamous part Foramen magnum Pharyngeal tubercle Temporal bone Carotid canal Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube) [bony part] Mandibular fossa Articular tubercle Posterior part Occipital bone Occipital condyles Hypoglossal canal Jugular foramen Temporal bone Mastoid part Styloid process Stylomastoid foramen Cranial cavity Roof Frontal crest Groove for the superior sagittal sinus
7 ANA Lab: Bone 7 Floor Anterior cranial fossa Ethmoid Crista galli Cribriform plate Orbital part Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone Anterior clinoid process Optic canal Middle cranial fossa Sphenoid bone Sella turcica Hypophyseal fossa Tuberculum sellae Middle clinoid process Dorsum sellae Posterior clinoid process Fissure, Foramen, Groove Superior orbital fissure Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Carotid canal Groove for middle meningeal artery Posterior cranial fossa Clivus Foramen magnum Internal acoustic meatus Hypoglossal canal Squamous part of the occipital bone Individual bones Temporal bone Squamaous part
8 ANA Lab: Bone 8 Zygomatic process [+ temporal process of zygomatic bone] = Zygomatic arch Mandibular fossa + condylar process of the mandible = temporomandibular joint Mastoid portion: Mastoid process Petrous part Internal acoustic meatus. Stylomastoid foramen Carotid canal Jugular foramen Tympanic part External acoustic meatus Styloid process Sphenoid bone Body Sella turcica: Hypophyseal fossa [Sphenoid sinus] Lesser wing: Optic canal Greater wing Superior orbital fissure Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Pterygoid process Lateral pterygoid plate Medial pterygoid plate Ethmoid bone Cribriform plate: Crista galli Perpendicular plate Superior nasal concha Middle nasal concha Facial skeleton Maxilla Body Maxillary sinus Infraorbital groove, Infraorbital canal, Infraorbital foramen Processes Frontal process
9 ANA Lab: Bone 9 Zygomatic process Palatine process (anterior ¾ hard palate) Alveolar process Inferior nasal conchae Zygomatic bone (Zygoma) Maxillary process Frontal process Temporal process Palatine bone Horizontal plate (hard plate) Vomer: nasal septum Nasal bone Lacrimal bone Mandible Body Ramus Angle Alveolar process Oblique line Condylar process Coronoid process Mandibular foramen, Mandibular canal, Mental foramen Lingula Mylohyoid groove, Mylohyoid line
10 ANA Lab: Bone 10 Part III: Bones of Upper limb Shoulder girdle: clavicle, humerus, scapula Clavicle Conoid tubercle Trapezoid line Scapula Angle: lateral, superior, inferior Border: superior, lateral, media Surface: costal, posterior Process: acromion, spine, coronoid process Glenoid cavity Infraglenoid tubercle Supraglenoid tubercle Spine Supraspinous fossa Infraspinous fossa Acromion Greater scapular notch (spinoglenoid notch) Costal surface Subscapular fossa Coracoid process Suprascapular notch Humerus Head Anatomical neck vs. Surgical neck Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) Deltoid tuberosity Shaft Anterior border, Lateral border, Medial border [Anterolateral, Anteromedial, Posterior surfaces] Deltoid tuberosity Radial groove Lateral supraepicondylar ridge (lateral supracondylar ridge)
11 ANA Lab: Bone 11 Medial supraepicondylar ridge (medial supracondylar ridge) Condyle Capitulum Trochlea Epicondyle Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Fossa Radial fossa Coronoid fossa Olecranon fossa Radius Head Neck Radial tuberosity Shaft [Anterior border; Posterior border; Interosseous border] [Posterior surface; Dorsal tubercle; Lateral surface] Radial styloid process Ulnar notch Ulna Olecranon Coronoid process Trochlear notch Radial notch Supinator crest Tuberosity of ulna Shaft [Anterior border; Posterior border; Interosseous border] [Anterior surface; Medial surface; Posterior surface] Ulnar styloid process Bones of hand Carpal bones Metacarpals (1 to 5) Phalanges
12 ANA Lab: Bone 12 Carpal bones Proximal row Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Distal row Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate, Hook of hamate Carpal arch Metacarpals Base Shaft (body) Head Phalanges Proximal, middle, distal phalanx Base Shaft (body) Head
13 ANA Lab: Bone 13 Part IV: Bones of Lower limb Hip bones ilium pubis ischium Ilium Arcuate line Iliac fossa Anterior superior iliac spine Posterior superior iliac spine Iliac tuberosity Anterior inferior iliac spine posterior inferior iliac spine Iliac crest Tubercle of the crest Iliopubic eminence Inferior gluteal line Anterior gluteal line Posterior gluteal line Pubis Body Pubic symphysis Pubic tubercle Superior pubic ramus Pectineal line (pectin pubis) Pubic crest Inferior pubic ramus Ischium Ischial spine Ischial tuberosity Pelvis Actabulum Obturator foramen, Obturator membrane, Obturator canal Greater sciatic notch
14 ANA Lab: Bone 14 Lesser sciatic notch Acetabular notch Acetabular fossa Femur Head: Fovea Neck Shaft Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter Trochanteric fossa Intertrochaneric line Pectineal line Linea aspera Intertrochanteric crest Quadrate tubercle Medial and lateral supracondylar lines Adductor tubercle Medial condyle Condyle fossa Lateral condyle Medial epicondyle Patella Tibia Medial condyle Lateral condyle Tibial condyles and intercondylar areas Medial intercondylar tubercle Lateral intercondylar tubercle Intercondylar eminence Tibial tuberosity Shaft [Anterior border; Interosseous border; Posterior border] [Medial surface; Posterior surface; Lateral surface] Soleal line Medial malleolus Fibular notch
15 ANA Lab: Bone 15 Fibula Head Neck Shaft [Anterior border; Posterior border; Interosseous border] [Medial surface; Lateral surface; Posterior surface] Lateral malleolus Malleolar fossa Bones of the foot Tarsal bones Proximal group Talus Calcaneus Intermediate tarsal bone Navicular Distal group Cuboid Cuneiforms-lateral, intermediate, medial Metatarsals (1 to 5) Phalanges Talus Head Neck Sulcus tali (Posterior calcaneal articular facet) Calcaneus Calcaneal tuberosity Fibular trochlea Sustentaculum tali Calcaneal sulcus Metatarsals Head Shaft
16 ANA Lab: Bone 16 Base Tuberosity Phalanges Phalanx: Proximal, Middle, Distal Base Shaft Head
17 ANA Lab: Bone 17 Reference videos from youtube Bones Tutorials from TheAnatomyZone (animation) Spine tutorial (1) - Vertebral Column Skull tutorial (1) - Bones of the Calvaria Scapula and Clavicle - Shoulder Girdle Bones of the Pelvis - Hip Bones Osteology of the Skull 9 Sphenoid Bone
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