CT Imaging of skeleton in small animals. Massimo Marenzana
|
|
- Malcolm Cameron
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CT Imaging of skeleton in small animals Massimo Marenzana
2 Introduction Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to break. It can be defined as a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a concomitant increase in bone fragility and fracture risk. It occurs most frequently in postmenopausal women. To measure bone mass,, DEXA is the most common diagnostic tool. Microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue is best measured by microct and pqct
3 X-ray absorptiometry How it works X-ray generation and detection electrons tungsten material X-rays are high frequency ray type: short wavelength λ ~ 1 nm highly penetrating and ionizing safety: ionizing radiation carcinogenic Unit: - Absorbed Dose [gray[ (Gy)] - Dose Equivalent [Sievert[ (Sv)] (=AD for X-rays) X - Effective Dose [Sievert[ (Sv)] X-rays DEXA absorptiometry (2D) ED = Sv CT absorptiometry (3D) ED = Sv X-ray tube
4 X-ray generation and detection Interaction of X-rays with matter: decay low: I = I 0 exp(-μx) I = intensity of X-rays after passing through a thickness x μ = absorption constant for the material in mm^-1 (function of ρ and Z) CT scanners image the distribution of linear attenuation coefficients in a thin slice of tissue. Log A = ln (I 0 /I) Limits of fan beam image Computer X-ray source object ray bigger object Array of detectors (Linear/Matricial) Semiconductor detectors (CCD) plus scintillators (gadolinium oxysulfide or cesium iodide)
5 DEXA How it works 2D images are provided from an x-ray x beam that sends out 2 rays with different energies. As the rays pass through the patient, some are stopped by the bone mineral or by the other tissues in the body, such as fat, water, or protein. An x ray detector above the patient can tell how much energy got through, and this information is sent to a computer, which analyzes it and forms an image.
6 DEXA Became popular because most bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip, helps to predict whether a person will have a hip fracture. The risk of a fracture will double if the DEXA decreases by approximately 12%.
7 DEXA - Benefits Quantifies fat, muscle and bone mineral content Low radiation exposure Good predictor of bone strength (r = 0.92) (Thomsen, 2002) DEXA - Limitations It cannot differentiate between cancellous and cortical bone. It is insensitive to changes within cancellous bone such as thickening of trabeculae and connectivity Because of it is a 2D measure, the results should be corrected for body size and/or bone size.
8 The 2D problem Trabecular bone consists of a complicated 3D network of plates and rods, arranged in a lattice-like like network. Aging, osteoporosis, and therapeutic agents could influence the number of elements in this network, their dimensions and connectivity, thereby causing dramatic changes in bone strength. HOW DO WE MEASURE THIS?
9 CT Unlike, 2D histomorphometry and DEXA, CT-based measurements allows us to assess 3-D 3 D bone structure and geometry.
10 CT Unlike, 2D histomorphometry and DEXA, CT-based measurements allows us to assess 3-D 3 D bone structure and geometry. Limits of fan beam object plane X-ray source object ray thickness of fan beam => image thickness => voxel size TRADE OFF IN CT : object size resolution [voxel[ size]
11 Some CT catches Resolution Sample size trade off Beam Hardening Partial volume effect
12 CT generation of tomograms and 3D visualization Computer algorithms allow to generate a crosssectional image by mathematically integrating many side-view linear array X-ray absorption images taken at different angles (0-360 degrees) All CT scanner are supplied with computer stations to generate cross-sections, a process also called reconstruction. High resolution CT tomograms can be further elaborated by image processing software to obtain 3D visualization
13 pqct tomograms Proximal Metaphysis (5 mm from tibial plate) Diaphysis (1.5 mm from fibula inters.)
14 pqct High resolution CT for measuring cortical and quasi- histomorphometric trabecular bone parameters in humans. Reduced radiation exposure compared to conventional CT/QCT Limited to measuring small volumes and peripheral sites. Can be used for animal research to monitor bone changes in vivo
15 pqct image showing significantly reduced trabecular bone in patient with spinal cord injury Spinal Cord Injury Able-Bodied Shields R et al, 2006
16 MicroCT In 1994, Feldkamp pioneered the field of micro-computed computed tomography. Micro-CT allows us to assess 3-D 3 D trabecular bone structure and cortical bone strength. Scanning with micro-ct can be achieved at resolutions as low as 1 µm, allowing the determination of porosities and subtle remodeling events of cancellous and cortical bone. object source detector stepwise rotation
17 MicroCT 3D visualization X-ray transmission image and several reconstructed cross sections in different orientations Cross-section plane 3D visualization with virtual opening to show the internal microstructure. Longitudinal plane
18
19
20 MicroCT in Human metabolic bone diseases MicroCT can be use to assess bone microarchitecture in humans by extracting a bone biopsy from the iliac crest. Increased osteoclastic activity in postmenopausal osteoporosis and hypogonadism osteoporosis in males may lead to the complete removal of trabeculae. 3D measurements are highly correlated with 2D obtained by histomorphometry although microct provides slightly increased values for bone volume.
21 Human Bone Biopsies from Iliac Crest Young Adult Patient with glucocorticosteroid induced osteoporosis Patient with alcoholic osteoporosis Very thin trabeculae and plates Perforated trabeculae
22 Limitations in human studies Limited to bone biopsies from the iliac crest Can not measure trabecular bone at other sites, such as vertebrae and femoral neck or measure cortical bone strength Size of sample Reasonably good correlation between iliac crest trabecular bone volume from microct and vertebral bone strength (r= 0.6 to 0.7)
23 MicroCT-Animal Models Animal models are a useful for understanding the mechanisms of bone loss. In addition, they can be used to test the efficiency of new therapeutic strategies. The ovariectomized rat is considered by WHO and the FDA as the most suitable model of post menopausal osteoporosis. MicroCT changes in OVX models are very similar to humans with osteoporosis; they show a reduction of trabecular number and a conversion of trabecular plates into rods. In the same way, orchidectomy in the male rat can be use as a model for hypogonadic osteoporosis.
24 Rat Model for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Rat Tibia after 16 weeks Ovariectomized Sham Yang et al 2003
25 Rat Model for Hypogonadic Osteoporosis Tibial metaphysis of a Control Wistar Rat.. Orchidectomised rat 16 weeks after surgery Note the reduction in bone mass and the marked conversion of trabeculae into pilars
26 Effect of propranolol on the Bone Response to sciatectomyinduced Unloading Contra-lateral Neurectomized Contra-lateral Neurectomized Metaphysis BV / TV 15-39%*** - 31%*** Midshaft Cortical width %*** - 11%*** BV / TV (%) 10 5 Contra-lateral Neurectomized Ct.Th (mm) Vehicle Propranolol 0.10 Vehicle Propranolol N=8 N=8 N=8 N=8
27 Cortical Bone Strength Engineering Beam Theory MicroCT The further the material is distributed from a central axis, the stronger the section and the greater its ability to withstand breakage or collapse when subjected to loading. Bending Strength Ix refers denotes bone strength in the anterior-posterior plane Iy denotes the medial-lateral lateral bending strength Torsional Strength J and refer to the sum of two values Ix and Iy
28 microct quantitative parameters 3D and 2D Geometry (volume, size, area, CSMI) 3D Micro-Structure (trabecular thickness, shape, connectivity and distribution and cortical porosity) Volumetric bone mass density (vbmd( vbmd) upon appropriate calibration
29 microct advantages in small animal research True 3D micro-architectural parameters of the intact sample Increased precision over histological techniques Speed up experiments to results time Possibility of in vivo microct for longitudinal studies with last generation devices
30 Implant Research Titanium implant 3mm in diameter inside the bone
31 Next generation pqcts approach in vivo microct performances 3D rendering with front top part virtually removed (CTan+CTvol programs)
32 3D µangiography Vessels infused with contrast agent around a bone segment
33 3D µangiography cortical bone main metaphyseal vein
34 nanoct focal spot size of <400nm object details down to nm. object positioning / rotation with an accuracy of better than 100nm. x-ray detector: intensified CCD with single photon sensitivity. separated trabecula (0.2 x 2mm), 480nm pixel size
35 nanoct
36 Summary DXA measures bone mineral density of the skeleton and is a good predictor of bone strength. However, it does not measure trabecular or cortical bone structure. pqct provides 3D measures of cortical and trabecular bone at limited sites in humans and animals. microct/pqct allows detailed 3D measures of cortical and trabecular bone in animals but has limited use in humans. Combining 3D and 2D measures yields the best results in the diagnosis of osteoporosis.
Bone Densitometry Radiation dose: what you need to know
Bone Densitometry Radiation dose: what you need to know John Damilakis, PhD Associate Professor and Chairman University of Crete, Iraklion, Crete, GREECE Estimation of bone status using X-rays Assessment
More informationThickness Computation Under In-Vivo Trabecular Bone CT Imaging
Thickness Computation Under In-Vivo Trabecular Bone CT Imaging Gokul. S PG Scholar,M.E - II year Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jansons Institute of Technology Coimbatore, Tamilnadu Aarthi.K
More informationThis is a repository copy of Microarchitecture of bone predicts fractures in older women.
This is a repository copy of Microarchitecture of bone predicts fractures in older women. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/130351/ Version: Accepted Version
More informationBone Mineral Densitometry with Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Bone Mineral Densitometry with Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry R Gilles, Laurentius Ziekenhuis Roermond 1. Introduction Osteoporosis is characterised by low bone mass, disruption of the micro-architecture
More informationAccuracy of DEXA scanning & other methods for determining BMD.
BMD- Measurement Site Accuracy of DEXA scanning & other methods for determining BMD. Ann Larkin In general, densitometry techniques can be performed in either the axial or the appendicular skeleton, depending
More informationBIOLOGY and BIOMECHANICS OF NORMAL & OSTEOPOROTIC BONE
BIOLOGY and BIOMECHANICS OF NORMAL & OSTEOPOROTIC BONE Andreas Panagopoulos, MD, PhD Assistant Professor in Orthopaedics University Hospital of Patras, Orthopaedic Clinic Objectives Bone structure and
More informationMicrostructural changes in the bone tissue and in the bone callus of diabetic rats with and without insulin treatment
Microstructural changes in the bone tissue and in the bone callus of diabetic rats with and without insulin treatment A. Zamarioli 1, M.S. Campos 1, A. Guimarães 1, M. Butezloff 1, G.B. Leoni 2, M.D. Sousa-Neto
More informationNew Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry Machines (idxa) and Vertebral Fracture Assessment
Case 1 New Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry Machines (idxa) and Vertebral Fracture Assessment (VFA) History and Examination Your wealthy friend who is a banker brings his 62-year-old mother to your office
More informationMicro-CT imaging of surgical screw tightening in human trabecular bone
Micro-CT imaging of surgical screw tightening in human trabecular bone E. Perilli 1, M. Ryan 1, R. Ab-Lazid 1, J.J. Costi 1, K.J. Reynolds 1 1 Medical Device Research Institute, School of Computer Science,
More informationPrevalence of Osteoporosis p. 262 Consequences of Osteoporosis p. 263 Risk Factors for Osteoporosis p. 264 Attainment of Peak Bone Density p.
Dedication Preface Acknowledgments Continuing Education An Introduction to Conventions in Densitometry p. 1 Densitometry as a Quantitative Measurement Technique p. 2 Accuracy and Precision p. 2 The Skeleton
More informationLUMBAR IS IT IMPORTANT? S. Tantawy,, M.D.
بسم االله الرحمن الرحيم DEXA LATERAL LUMBAR IS IT IMPORTANT? By S. Tantawy,, M.D. Osteopenia,, bone mineral deficiency in the absence of fracture, is an indicator of the bone structural integrity and compared
More informationInterpreting DEXA Scan and. the New Fracture Risk. Assessment. Algorithm
Interpreting DEXA Scan and the New Fracture Risk Assessment Algorithm Prof. Samir Elbadawy *Osteoporosis affect 30%-40% of women in western countries and almost 15% of men after the age of 50 years. Osteoporosis
More informationOsteoporosis New Insights
Osteoporosis New Insights by JOHN KINNEY Synchrotron radiation is giving us new insights into causes and treatments for osteoporosis. OSTEOPOROSIS IS A DISEASE characterized by fragile bones that results
More informationBone Investigational Toolkit BIT. Biomechanical Bone Integrity Assessment
Bone Investigational Toolkit BIT TM Biomechanical Bone Integrity Assessment The Bone Densitometry Problem Modeling of cortical shell failure with third-party engineering models. Bone densitometry is widely
More informationTrabecular bone analysis with tomosynthesis in diabetic patients: comparison with CT-based finite-element method
Trabecular bone analysis with tomosynthesis in diabetic patients: comparison with CT-based finite-element method Poster No.: C-1789 Congress: ECR 2015 Type: Scientific Exhibit Authors: M. Fujii, T. Aoki,
More informationBryan D. Johnston, BSc
The effect of 17- estradiol therapy on bone mineral density and structure of alveolar bone in the ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis Bryan D. Johnston, BSc Submitted in partial fulfillment
More informationSilvia Capuani*, Giulia Di Pietro*, Guglielmo Manenti, Umberto Tarantino^
Silvia Capuani*, Giulia Di Pietro*, Guglielmo Manenti, Umberto Tarantino^ *CNR ISC, Physics Department Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Molecular
More informationBeyond BMD: Bone Quality and Bone Strength
Beyond BMD: Bone Quality and Bone Strength Consultant / advisor: Amgen, Eli Lilly, Merck Disclosures Mary L. Bouxsein, PhD Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA mbouxsei@bidmc.harvard.edu
More informationMineral Density Of Subchondral Bone May Be Quantitatively Evaluated Using A Clinical Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scanner
Mineral Density Of Subchondral Bone May Be Quantitatively Evaluated Using A Clinical Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scanner Mikael J. Turunen, PhD 1, Juha Töyräs, PhD 1, Harri Kokkonen, PhD 2, Jukka S.
More informationSTRUCTURED EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS IMPLEMENTATION DATE: JULY 1, 2017
STRUCTURED EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS Bone Densitometry The purpose of structured education is to provide the opportunity for individuals to develop mastery of discipline-specific knowledge that, when coupled
More informationQuantitative Computed Tomography 4 Introduction
Quantitative Computed Tomography 4 Introduction Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) is a well recognised technique for the measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine1 and forearm2.
More informationL.W. Sun 1,2, G. Beller 1, D. Felsenberg 1. Introduction. Original Article. Abstract
J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2009; 9(1):18-24 Original Article Hylonome Quantification of bone mineral density precision according to repositioning errors in peripheral quantitative computed tomography
More information*Department of Animal and Poultry Science and Department of Land Resource Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
Use of Axial X-Ray Microcomputed Tomography to Assess Three-Dimensional Trabecular Microarchitecture and Bone Mineral Density in Single Comb White Leghorn Hens M. A. Martínez-Cummer,* R. Heck, and S. Leeson*
More information2013 ISCD Official Positions Adult
2013 ISCD Official Positions Adult These are the Official Positions of the ISCD as updated in 2013. The Official Positions that are new or revised since 2007 are in bold type. Indications for Bone Mineral
More informationpqct Measurement of Bone Parameters in Young Children
Journal of Clinical Densitometry, vol. 3, no. 1, 9 14, Spring 2000 Copyright 2000 by Humana Press Inc. All rights of any nature whatsoever reserved. 0169-4194/00/3:9 14/$11.50 Original Article pqct Measurement
More informationIntroducing the future of DXA. Powerful images. Clear answers. Horizon DXA System
Introducing the future of DXA Powerful images. Clear answers. Horizon DXA System Hologic turns ideas into innovation. Again. Hologic cares about you and your patients about keeping their bones healthy,
More information*smith&nephew SL-PLUS Cementless Femoral Hip System. Product Information
Product Information *smith&nephew SL-PLUS Cementless Femoral Hip System First Came the Philosophy to develop a universal hip system that could be used in almost every indication, immaterial to the patient
More informationEXAMINATION CONTENT SPECIFICATIONS ARRT BOARD APPROVED: JANUARY 2017 IMPLEMENTATION DATE: JULY 1, 2017
EXAMINATION CONTENT SPECIFICATIONS Bone Densitometry The purpose of the bone densitometry examination is to assess the knowledge and cognitive skills underlying the intelligent performance of the tasks
More informationOmnisense: At Least As Good As DXA
Omnisense: At Least As Good As DXA The following document summarizes a series of clinical studies that have been conducted to compare between different qualities of the Sunlight support the claim that
More informationCIC Edizioni Internazionali. Bone quality and bone strength: benefits of the bone-forming approach. Mini-review
Bone quality and bone strength: benefits of the bone-forming approach Giovanni Iolascon Laura Frizzi Gioconda Di Pietro Annarita Capaldo Fabrizio Luciano Francesca Gimigliano Department of Medical and
More informationNorland Densitometry A Tradition of Excellence
Norland Densitometry A Tradition of Excellence Norland DXA Bone Density Measurement Osteoporosis is a disease marked by reduced bone strength leading to an increased risk of fractures. About 54 million
More informationThe Bone Densitometry Examination
The Bone Densitometry Examination The purpose of The American Registry of Radiologic Technologist (ARRT ) Bone Densitometry Examination is to assess the knowledge and cognitive skills underlying the intelligent
More informationSection 4. Scans and tests. How do I know if I have osteoporosis? Investigations for spinal fractures. Investigations after you break a bone
Section 4 Scans and tests How do I know if I have osteoporosis? Investigations for spinal fractures Investigations after you break a bone Investigations if you have risk factors Investigations for children
More informationBone Densitometry. Total 30 Maximum CE 14. DXA Scanning (10) 7
STRUCTURED SELF ASSESSMENT CONTENT SPECIFICATIONS SSA LAUNCH DATE: JANUARY 1, 2018 Bone Densitometry The purpose of continuing qualifications requirements (CQR) is to assist registered technologists in
More informationBeyond BMD: Bone Quality and Bone Strength
Beyond BMD: Bone Quality and Bone Strength Mary L. Bouxsein, PhD Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School MIT-Harvard Health Sciences and Technology
More informationBeyond BMD: Bone Quality and Bone Strength
Beyond BMD: Bone Quality and Bone Strength Consultant / advisor: Amgen, Eli Lilly, Merck Disclosures Mary L. Bouxsein, PhD Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA mbouxsei@bidmc.harvard.edu
More informationAnabolic Therapy With Teriparatide Indications Beyond Osteoporosis
Anabolic Therapy With Teriparatide Indications Beyond Osteoporosis Andreas Panagopoulos MD, PhD Upper Limb & Sports Medicine Orthopaedic Surgeon Assistant Professor, University of Patras Outline Teriparatide
More information2013 ISCD Combined Official Positions
2013 ISCD Combined Oicial Positions Oicial Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry The International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) is a not-for-profit multidisciplinary
More informationPhysic of the skeleton
Physic of the skeleton dr.muhannad sami Function of the bones in the body 1) Support: - It s obvious in the leg, muscles are attached to the bone by tendons and ligament and the system of bones plus muscle
More informationWe are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists. International authors and editors
We are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 4,000 116,000 120M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our
More informationPeripheral Quantitative CT (pqct) Using a Dedicated Extremity Cone-Beam CT Scanner
SPIE Medical Imaging 23 Peripheral Quantitative CT (pqct) Using a Dedicated Extremity Cone-Beam CT Scanner A. A. Muhit, a S. Arora, a M. Ogawa, a Y. Ding, a W. Zbijewski, a J. W. Stayman, a G. Thawait,
More informationBONE MINERAL DENSITY OF BANGLADESHI PEOPLE
6 DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE BANU: BONE AND MINERAL TECHNOLOGY, DENSITY VOLUME OF BANGLADESHI 4, ISSUE 2, JULY PEOPLE 2009 BONE MINERAL DENSITY OF BANGLADESHI PEOPLE Dilruba Akhter
More informationNutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis Care and Treatment Cynthia Smith, FNP-BC, RN, MSN, CCD Pars Osteoporosis Clinic, Belpre, Ohio
Osteoporosis 1 Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis Care and Treatment Cynthia Smith, FNP-BC, RN, MSN, CCD Pars Osteoporosis Clinic, Belpre, Ohio 1) Objectives: a) To understand bone growth and development
More informationBuilding Bone Density-Research Issues
Building Bone Density-Research Issues Helping to Regain Bone Density QUESTION 1 What are the symptoms of Osteoporosis? Who is at risk? Symptoms Bone Fractures Osteoporosis 1,500,000 fractures a year Kyphosis
More informationSkeletal Considerations for Movement. Kinesiology RHS 341 Lecture 2 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa
Skeletal Considerations for Movement Kinesiology RHS 341 Lecture 2 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa The Skeletal System Bones, cartilage, ligaments, & joints Consists of approximately 20% of total body weight Bone constitutes
More informationBiomechanical Analysis of Hip Joint Arthroplasties using CT-Image Based Finite Element Method
Research Article Biomechanical Analysis of Hip Joint Arthroplasties using CT-Image Based Finite Element Method Mitsugu Todo * Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan
More informationAge changes in the human femoral neck and progression to failure. Functional Adaptation in the Femoral Neck
Age changes in the human femoral neck and progression to failure Functional Adaptation in the Femoral Neck Changes with Ageing Processes Associated with Structural Failure From the macroscopic to the microscopic
More informationOsteoporosis. Treatment of a Silently Developing Disease
Osteoporosis Treatment of a Silently Developing Disease Marc K. Drezner, MD Senior Associate Dean Emeritus Professor of Medicine Emeritus University of Wisconsin-Madison Auditorium The Forest at Duke October
More informationImaging to Assess Bone Strength and its Determinants
Imaging to Assess Bone Strength and its Determinants Mary L. Bouxsein, PhD Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA UCSF Osteoporosis Course 26 July 212 Consultant / advisor: Amgen, Eli Lilly, Merck Research
More informationTypes of Plates 1. New Dynamic Compression Plate: Diaphyseal fracture: Radius, Ulna, Humerus, Rarely tibia
Types of Plates 1. New Dynamic Compression Plate: DCP Diaphyseal fracture: Radius, Ulna, Humerus, Rarely tibia 1. Undercut adjacent to the holes low contact: less stress shield 2. Undercut at the undersurface
More informationObjectives. Discuss bone health and the consequences of osteoporosis on patients medical and disability status.
Objectives Discuss bone health and the consequences of osteoporosis on patients medical and disability status. Discuss the pathophysiology of osteoporosis and major risk factors. Assess the major diagnostic
More informationThe Skeletal Response to Aging: There s No Bones About It!
The Skeletal Response to Aging: There s No Bones About It! April 7, 2001 Joseph E. Zerwekh, Ph.D. Interrelationship of Intestinal, Skeletal, and Renal Systems to the Overall Maintenance of Normal Calcium
More informationMeasurement of organ dose in abdomen-pelvis CT exam as a function of ma, KV and scanner type by Monte Carlo method
Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2004; 1(4): 187-194 Measurement of organ dose in abdomen-pelvis CT exam as a function of ma, KV and scanner type by Monte Carlo method M.R. Ay 1, M. Shahriari 2, S. Sarkar 3, P.
More informationDisclosures. Beyond BMD: Bone Quality & Bone Strength. Design of a Structure. Fractures = structural failure of the skeleton
Disclosures Beyond BMD: Bone Quality & Bone Strength Mary L. Bouxsein, PhD Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, BIDMC Department of Orthopedic Surgery, HMS MIT-Harvard Health Sciences and Technology
More informationSkyscan 1076 in vivo scanning: X-ray dosimetry
Skyscan 1076 in vivo scanning: X-ray dosimetry DOSIMETRY OF HIGH RESOLUTION IN VIVO RODENT MICRO-CT IMAGING WITH THE SKYSCAN 1076 An important distinction is drawn between local tissue absorbed dose in
More informationSection 1. What is osteoporosis? Your bones. Bones and osteoporosis. Who is affected by osteoporosis? Consequences of osteoporosis
4 Section 1 What is osteoporosis? Your bones Bones and osteoporosis Who is affected by osteoporosis? Consequences of osteoporosis Less common types of osteoporosis Other bone conditions 5 Osteoporosis
More informationX-Ray & CT Physics / Clinical CT
Computed Tomography-Basic Principles and Good Practice X-Ray & CT Physics / Clinical CT INSTRUCTORS: Dane Franklin, MBA, RT (R) (CT) Office hours will be Tuesdays from 5pm to 6pm CLASSROOM: TIME: REQUIRED
More informationEffects of PTH treatment on tibial bone of ovariectomized rats assessed by in vivo micro-ct
Osteoporos Int (2009) 20:1823 1835 DOI 10.1007/s00198-009-0882-5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Effects of PTH treatment on tibial bone of ovariectomized rats assessed by in vivo micro-ct J. E. M. Brouwers & B. van
More informationProduct: Denosumab (AMG 162) Clinical Study Report: month Primary Analysis Date: 21 November 2016 Page 1
Date: 21 November 2016 Page 1 2. SYNOPSIS Name of Sponsor: Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA Name of Finished Product: Prolia Name of Active Ingredient: denosumab Title of Study: Randomized, Double-blind,
More informationFunctions of the Skeletal System. Chapter 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure. Classification of Bones. Bone Shapes
Chapter 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure Functions of the Skeletal System 1. Support 2. Storage of minerals (calcium) 3. Storage of lipids (yellow marrow) 4. Blood cell production (red marrow) 5. Protection
More informationCreation of Patient-Specific Bone Densitometry Models from 3D Imaging Data
Proceedings Of The National Conferences On Undergraduate Research (NCUR) 2013 University of Wisconsin, La Crosse April 11-13, 2013 Creation of Patient-Specific Bone Densitometry Models from 3D Imaging
More informationTHE EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE UNLOADING EXPOSURES ON BONE PROPERTIES IN THE FEMUR OF ADULT MALE RATS. A Thesis DERRICK SCOTT MORGAN
THE EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE UNLOADING EXPOSURES ON BONE PROPERTIES IN THE FEMUR OF ADULT MALE RATS A Thesis by DERRICK SCOTT MORGAN Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial
More informationS. N. Khan 1, R. M. Warkhedkar 2, A. Shyam 3, B. R. Patil 4
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ISSN(e) : 2278-1684, ISSN(p) : 2320 334X, PP : 40-44 www.iosrjournals.org Correlation between BMD and Radio intensity of Human Bones for Strength
More informationCONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA 02129
AD Award Number: W81XWH-10-1-1043 TITLE: FES-Rowing versus Zoledronic Acid to Improve Bone Health in SCI PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Leslie R. Morse, DO CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital,
More informationCustom-Made Products / Scientific Research Instruments
Synchrotron Radiation Instruments Double Crystal Monochromator A double crystal monochromator is an instrument that extracts light of a specific wavelength using crystal diffraction. Light of various wavelengths
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A SINGLE CANCELLOUS BONE TRABECULAE TAKEN FROM BOVINE FEMUR
Advanced Materials Development and Performance (AMDP2011) International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series Vol. 6 (2012) 349-354 World Scientific Publishing Company DOI: 10.1142/S201019451200342X
More informationOsteoporosis International. Original Article. Bone Mineral Density and Vertebral Fractures in Men
Osteoporos Int (1999) 10:265 270 ß 1999 International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation Osteoporosis International Original Article Bone Mineral Density and Vertebral Fractures
More informationWhat is bone? Specialized form of connective tissue: mineralized collagen matrix, therefore very rigid and strong while still retaining some degree of
Bone What is bone? Specialized form of connective tissue: mineralized collagen matrix, therefore very rigid and strong while still retaining some degree of flexibility Other types of connective tissue:
More informationClinical Study Comparison of QCT and DXA: Osteoporosis Detection Rates in Postmenopausal Women
International Endocrinology Volume 3, Article ID 895474, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/.55/3/895474 Clinical Study Comparison of QCT and DXA: Osteoporosis Detection Rates in Postmenopausal Women Na Li, Xin-min
More informationCertified Clinical Densitometrist (CCD ) DXA Resource Materials
Certified Clinical Densitometrist (CCD ) DXA Resource Materials International Society for Densitometry DXA Resource Materials Editors Steven Petak, MD, JD, CCD Neil Binkley, MD, CCD Sue Broy, MD, CCD
More informationSurgical Technique. Cannulated Angled Blade Plate 3.5 and 4.5, 90
Surgical Technique Cannulated Angled Blade Plate 3.5 and 4.5, 90 Cannulated Angled Blade Plate 3.5 and 4.5, 90 Table of contents Indications/Contraindications 2 Implants 3 Surgical technique 5 Implant
More informationChapter 2 Cancellous Bone
Chapter 2 Cancellous Bone The metabolism of the cancellous bone is more active than cortical bone due to the dependence of bone turnover on the surface area. This led to bone loss, as usually found in
More informationMeasuring Bone Mineral Density
Measuring Bone Mineral Density Osteoporosis Screening by Pharmacists 9/20/06 Don Downing Institute for Innovative Pharmacy Practice Today s Topics What is osteoporosis? What causes osteoporosis? Screening
More informationBONE REMODELLING. Tim Arnett. University College London. Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology
BONE REMODELLING Tim Arnett Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology University College London The skeleton, out of sight and often out of mind, is a formidable mass of tissue occupying about 9%
More informationUnderstanding Osteoporosis
Understanding Osteoporosis Professor Juliet E. Compston Published by Family Doctor Publications Limited in association with the British Medical Association IMPORTANT NOTICE This book is intended not as
More informationDXA When to order? How to interpret? Dr Nikhil Tandon Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi
DXA When to order? How to interpret? Dr Nikhil Tandon Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi Clinical Utility of Bone Densitometry Diagnosis (DXA)
More informationBone density and size in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy
DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY ORIGINAL ARTICLE Bone density and size in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy TISHYA AL WREN 1 DAVID C LEE 1 ROBERT M KAY 1 FREDERICK J DOREY 2 VICENTE GILSANZ
More informationCone-Beam CT for MSK Extremities
8/6/0 Diagnostic Image Quality Evaluation of an Extremity Cone-Beam CT Scanner: Pre-Clinical and First Clinical Results Abdullah Muhit Wojciech Zbijewski, J Webster Stayman John Yorkston, Nathan Packard,
More informationAssociation between bone mineral density and hearing loss in Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Association between bone mineral density and hearing loss in Osteogenesis Imperfecta F Swinnen 1 E De Leenheer 1 S Goemaere 2 P Coucke 3 C Cremers 4 I Dhooge 1 (1) Departement of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent
More informationIntroduction. Modalities used in imaging guidance. Flat panel detector. X-ray Imaging Dose to Patients in the Era of Image-Guided Radiation Therapy
X-ray Imaging Dose to Patients in the Era of Image-Guided Radiation Therapy George Ding, Ron Price, Charles Coffey Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN Introduction
More informationBone Cell Biology. David W. Dempster, PhD. Professor of Clinical Pathology Columbia University. Bone Remodeling
Bone Cell Biology David W. Dempster, PhD Professor of Clinical Pathology Columbia University Bone Remodeling The skeleton, out of site and often out of mind, is a formidable mass of tissue occupying about
More informationBone Cell Biology. The Remodeling Cycle. Bone Remodeling. Remodeling Maintains Mechanical Strength. David W. Dempster, PhD
Bone Remodeling Bone Cell Biology David W. Dempster, PhD Professor of Clinical Pathology Columbia University The skeleton, out of site and often out of mind, is a formidable mass of tissue occupying about
More informationR/F. Clinical Experience Using the SONIALVISION safire II Utility of Tomosynthesis in Orthopedic Surgery
R/F Clinical Experience Using the SONIALVISION safire II Utility of Tomosynthesis in Orthopedic Surgery Iwate Medical University Hospital, Central Department of Radiology Shouta Miura Mr. Shouta Miura
More informationVertebral Augmentation for Compression Fractures. Scott Magnuson, MD Pain Management of North Idaho, PLLC
Vertebral Augmentation for Compression Fractures Scott Magnuson, MD Pain Management of North Idaho, PLLC OVCFs are most common type of fragility fracture 20-25% Caucasian women and men over 50 yrs have
More informationA DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY. Julie Marie Cousins
The Effects of Physical Activity, Body Composition, Muscle Cross-Sectional Area and Sex Steroids on Bone Volumetric Density, Strength and Geometry in Older Men A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF
More informationMorphometric Measurements in Radiographic Image Processing in the Assessment of Post Menopausal Osteoporosis
Morphometric Measurements in Radiographic Image Processing in the Assessment of Post Menopausal Osteoporosis Shankar N 1, Dr V Rajmohan 2, Sankar K 3 1,3 Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering,
More informationTHE TUFFEST STUFF CT REGISTRY REVIEW Live Lecture Seminar SATURDAY CURRICULUM
1. The CT Imaging Chain-10 major components & their functions a. The x-ray tube b. Generator c. Filter d. Pre-patient collimator e. Pre-detector collimator f. Detector system g. Analog to digital converter
More informationEXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF THE PULLOUT STRENGTH OF SELF-TAPPING BONE SCREWS IN NORMAL AND OSTEOPOROTIC BONE.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF THE PULLOUT STRENGTH OF SELF-TAPPING BONE SCREWS IN NORMAL AND OSTEOPOROTIC BONE A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty of the University of Akron In
More informationRadiologic Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Radiologic Imaging X-ray has always been the golden rule in diagnosing and treating podiatric patients. Unfortunately, for some patients the diagnosis is not as evident. That is when we need to utilize
More informationBone Densitometry. What is a Bone Density Scan (DXA)? What are some common uses of the procedure?
Scan for mobile link. Bone Densitometry What is a Bone Density Scan (DXA)? Bone density scanning, also called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or bone densitometry, is an enhanced form of x-ray technology
More informationObservations on the Geometric Distribution of Micro-structural Features in Cortical Bone
Observations on the Geometric Distribution of Micro-structural Features in Cortical Bone I. S. Hage, R. F. Hamade Abstract This paper reports on observations of the distribution of micro-structural features
More informationRegional Distribution of Stress on the Distal Femur in Advanced Osteoarthritis
J Bone Metab 2018;25(3):175-180 https://doi.org/10.11005/jbm.2018.25.3.175 pissn 2287-6375 eissn 2287-7029 Original Article Regional Distribution of Stress on the Distal Femur in Advanced Osteoarthritis
More informationMetal Artefact Reduction in CT
Metal Artefact Reduction in CT DANIEL MARRINER Metal Artefact Reduction in CT Metal Artefact Clinical Indications for MAR SEMAR and How It Works Technical Considerations Case Studies utilising SEMAR Metal
More informationAdina Alazraki, MD, FAAP Assistant Professor, Radiology and Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Children s Healthcare of Atlanta
Adina Alazraki, MD, FAAP Assistant Professor, Radiology and Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Technical: Patient positioning Performance of the scan Analysis of the data Theoretical: Identification
More informationTeriparatide for osteoporosis: importance of the full course
Osteoporos Int (2016) 27:2395 2410 DOI 10.1007/s00198-016-3534-6 REVIEW Teriparatide for osteoporosis: importance of the full course R. Lindsay 1 & J. H. Krege 2 & F. Marin 3 & L. Jin 2 & J. J. Stepan
More information4/28/2010. Fractures. Normal Bone and Normal Ossification Bone Terms. Epiphysis Epiphyseal Plate (physis) Metaphysis
Fractures Normal Bone and Normal Ossification Bone Terms Epiphysis Epiphyseal Plate (physis) Metaphysis Diaphysis 1 Fracture Classifications A. Longitudinal B. Transverse C. Oblique D. Spiral E. Incomplete
More informationTo understand bone growth and development across the lifespan. To develop a better understanding of osteoporosis.
Nutrition Aspects of Osteoporosis Care and Treatment t Cynthia Smith, FNP-BC, RN, MSN, CCD Pars Osteoporosis Clinic, Belpre, OH. Objectives To understand bone growth and development across the lifespan.
More informationChapter 39: Exercise prescription in those with osteoporosis
Chapter 39: Exercise prescription in those with osteoporosis American College of Sports Medicine. (2010). ACSM's resource manual for guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (6th ed.). New York:
More informationUpcoming Agents for Osteoporosis
Upcoming Agents for Osteoporosis May 5, 2017 Michael R. McClung, MD, FACP Director, Oregon Osteoporosis Center Portland, Oregon, USA Professorial Fellow, Institute of Health and Ageing Australian Catholic
More informationMusculoskeletal Research
Musculoskeletal Research Kuopio Musculoskeletal Research Unit (KMRU), University of Eastern Finland & Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital Prof. Heikki
More information