The trunk and spinal column. Functions of Spine. Bones 6/5/2017. Chapter 10. Consider the complexity of functions. 33 bones of the spine
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1 The trunk and spinal column Chapter 10 Functions of Spine Consider the complexity of functions provides stability to a cylinder permits movement in all directions supports structures of considerable weight (e.g. head) provides sites for attachment of muscles & ligaments acts as a shock absorber protect vital organ (spinal cord) Bones 33 bones of the spine 7 cervical 24 bones 12 thoracic 5 lumber sacrum (5 fused vertebrae) coccyx (4 fused vertebrae) 1
2 Bones The bones in each region have slightly different sizes and shapes The width of the vertebral bones increases from cervical to lumbar regions The vertebral foramen decreases in diameter from cervical to lumbar regions Spine Structure Atlas - 1st cervical vertebrae Axis - 2nd cervical vertebrae Curvature of spine cervical thoracic lumbar sacral Deviations from normal curvature Lordosis increased lumbar curvature Kyphosis increased thoracic curvature Scoliosis lateral curvatures (in frontal plane) 2
3 Bones in the Thorax region 12 pairs of Ribs 7 pairs are true ribs and attach to the sternum 5 pairs are false ribs 3 pairs attach indirectly to sternum 2 pairs are floating ribs and do not attach to sternum ALL ribs attach to the thoracic veterbrae Joints Atlantooccipital skull and first cervical vertebrae Allows for flexion and extension Atlantoaxial 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae trochoid joint Intervertebral articulations arthrodial joints Movements of Trunk and Spine Spinal flexion Spinal extension Lateral flexion (left or right) left lateral flexion: tilting head to left Reduction returning from lateral flexion to neutral Spinal rotation (left or right) left spinal rotation: left side backwards 3
4 Muscles of Trunk and Spine Movers of the head Splenius capitus (extensor) Sternocleidomastoid (flexor) Movers of the vetebral column erector spinae Splenius cervicus Muscles of the thorax inspiration: sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, ext. intercostals, diaphragm expiration: int intercostals, ext & int obliques, transverse and rectus abdomini Muscles of the abdominal wall rectus abdominus external and internal obliques transverse abdominus quadratus lumborum Splenius (cervicis, captitis) cervicis: 3rd-6th thoracic vertebrae, spinous process capitis: 7th cervical & 1st to 3rd or 4th thoracic vertebrae cervicis: 1st three cervical vetebrae, transverse process capitis: mastoid process & occipital bone extension of head and neck (one side contracting only) Sternocleidomastoid manubrim, medial clavicle Mastoid process flexion of head (both sides contracting) 4
5 Erector Spinae Group of muscles that run from the occipital bone to the sacrum. Multiple sites for origin and insertion. : Extension of spine Rectus abdominis crest of the pubis 5th, 6th, 7th ribs and xiphoid process Note: does NOT cross hip joint External Oblique Abdominal Muscle borders of lower 8 ribs, lateral aspect of trunk illiac crest, anterior half inguinal ligament crest of pubis 5
6 Internal Oblique Abdominal Muscle inguinal ligament illiac crest, anterior 2/3 8th, 9th, 10th ribs and line alba Transverse abdominis muscle outer third of inguinal ligament illiac crest, inner rim lower 6 ribs lumbar fascia crest of pubis, linea alba expiration (forced) Quadratus Lumborum Posterior inner lip of illiac crest 12th rib and upper 4 lumbar vertebrae 6
7 Summary: Trunk and Spine Muscles Movers of the head Splenius capitus (extensor) Sternocleidomastoid (flexor) Movers of the vetebral column erector spinae Splenius cervicus Muscles of the thorax inspiration: sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, ext. intercostals, diaphragm expiration: int intercostals, ext & int obliques, transverse and rectus abdomini Muscles of the abdominal wall rectus abdominus external and internal obliques transverse abdominus quadratus lumborum The Sit-up Exercise Curl technique Joint actions: hip flexion Muscles illiopsoas, rectus femoris abdominal muscles Rigid Trunk Technique Joint actions hip flexion Muscles illiopsoas, rectus femoris Note: The abdominal muscles DO NOT cross the hip joint. 7
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