Veterinary Technician s Daily Reference Guide Canine and Feline. Third Edition COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL

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1 Veterinary Technician s Daily Reference Guide Canine and Feline Third Edition COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL

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3 Section One Anatomy

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5 Chapter 1 Anatomy Anatomy 6 Overall 6 Musculature 8 Skeletal 8 Internal Organs 9 Circulatory System 11 Nervous System 13 Urogenital System 14 Eye 16 Ear 16 Veterinary Technician s Daily Reference Guide: Canine and Feline, Third Edition. Edited by Candyce M. Jack and Patricia M. Watson with Consulting Editor Valissitie Heeren John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Companion Website: 5 chapter 1

6 chapter 1 ANATOMY For a veterinary technician to be able to accurately complete many of his or her daily tasks, a clear understanding of the anatomy of the canine and feline body is needed. The following diagrams show the basic layout of the body systems, highlighting the areas of interest that are most commonly accessed in daily medicine practices ranging from the correctly positioned radiograph to a single-stick venipuncture. Overall See Skill Box 2.5, Regional Lymph Node Examination, page 35. See Table 5.7, Directional Terms, page 256. Figure 1.1 Overall anatomy. 6 ANATOMY

7 External sagital crest Zygomatic arch External occipital protuberance Orbital rim Spinous process of axis Nasal bone Incisive bone Nasal cartilage Wing of atlas Edge of mandibular salivary gland Dorsal ends of spinous Infraorbital foramen of maxilla Spinous processes of processes of lumbar vertebrae Trachea Mandibular symphysis and notch thoracic vertebrae Median sacral crest Jugular vein Iliac crest Hyoid arch Thyroid cartilage Distal ends of transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae Cricoid cartilage Dorsal border of scapula Ischiatic tuberosity Cranial border of scapula Greater trochanter of femur Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae Spine of scapula Caudal margin Femoral artery pulse Manubrium of sternum of m. deltoideus Cranial border of thigh Border of m. supraspinatus Greater tuberosity of humerus Lateral ridge of fermoral trochlea Costal arch Lateral condyle of femur Acromion process of scapula Xiphoid process of sternum Lateral condyle of tibia Caudal margin of brachium Head of fibula Costochondral junctions of ribs Head of radius Olecranon process of ulna Tibial tuberosity Lateral styloid process of ulna (point of elbow) Patella Base of fifth metacarpal bone Pouch of stifle joint capsule Patellar ligament Accessory carpal bone Medial malleous of tibia Calcanean tuberosity Lateral malleous of fibula Lateral surface of base of fifth metatarsal bone Medial surface of base of second metatarsal bone 4 Figure 1.2 Palpation landmarks. ANATOMY 7 chapter 1

8 chapter 1 Skeletal See Skill Box 2.7, Orthopedic Examination, page 39. See Figure 13.1, Figure 13.2, Figure 13.3, and Figure 13.4, pages Musculature Deltoids Figure 1.3 Regional lymph nodes. Sternocephalicu s Cleidocervicalis Trapezius Latissimus dorsi External abdominal oblique Middle gluteal Superficial gluteal Biceps femoris Maxilla Orbit Mandible Spine of scapula Scapula Ribs Humerus Zygomatic arch Ulna Radius Carpus Metacarpus Phalanges Atlas Axis Cervical Spinous Thoracic process Lumbar Costal arch Xyphoid Patella Sternum Fibula Ulna Tibia Iliac crest Tarsus Metatarsus Figure 1.5 Skeletal: lateral view. Ilium Ischial tuberosity Greater trochanter Sacrum Ischium Femur Cleidobrachialis Pectoralis major Triceps Deep pectoral Pectoralis minor Sartorius Gracilis Semitendinosus Gastrocnemius Figure 1.4 Musculature: lateral view. 8 ANATOMY

9 Internal Organs Zygomatic arch See Skill Box 2.3, Abdominal Examination, page 34. See Figure 12.2, Endotracheal intubation, page 634. Wing of atlas Atlas Axis Ureter Colon Uterine horn Ovary Right kidney Lungs Anus T1 Scapula Spine of scapula Urinary bladder Greater Liver Heart omentum (covering small intestines) L1 Figure 1.7 Internal organs: left lateral view. For color detail, see color plate section, CP-1. Iliac crest Esophagus Trachea Lungs Spleen Stomach Left kidney Ureter Colon Ilium Greater trochanter of femur Sacru m Ischial tuberosity Figure 1.6 Skeletal: dorsal view. Thymus Liver Heart (cardiac notch) Small intestines Urinary bladder Figure 1.8 Internal organs: right lateral view. For color detail, see color plate section, CP-1. ANATOMY 9 chapter 1

10 chapter 1 Esophagus Trachea Lung Heart Liver Diaphragm Gallbladder Common bile duct Liver Duodenum Pancreas Transverse colon Ascending colon Cecum Liver Lesser omentum Stomac h Greater omentum (cut) Spleen Jejunum Ileum Rectum Descending colon Mesentery Figure 1.10 Internal organs: liver and kidney. Anal gland Figure 1.9 Internal organs: ventral view. For color detail, see color plate section, CP ANATOMY

11 Circulatory System See Skill Box 2.1, Cardiac Examination, page 31. Left subclavian artery Aortic arch Left atrium Left auricle Superior vena cava Pulmonary arteries Pulmonar y ve ins Right atrium Pulmonary veins Left ventricle Coronary artery Apex Inferior vena cava Right ventricle Figure 1.11 Circulatory: dorsal view of the heart. For color detail, see color plate section, CP-2. ANATOMY 11 chapter 1

12 chapter 1 Left subclavian artery Aorta Superior vena cava Right atrium Right aur icle Semilunar valves of aorta Left atrium Bicuspid valve Tricuspid valve Apex Right ventricle Left ventricle Ventral papillary muscle Chordae tendineae Figure 1.12 Circulatory: internal view of the heart. For color detail, see color plate section, CP ANATOMY

13 Figure 1.14 Circulatory: lateral view. For color detail, see color plate section, CP-3. Nervous System Epithalamus Corpus collosum Cerebellum Figure 1.13 Circulatory: heart valves. Olfactory O bulb u Optic chiasm Spinal cord Figure 1.15 Thalamus Medulla oblongata Hypotthalamus Pituitary Nervous system: lateral view of the brain. ANATOMY chapter 1 13

14 chapter 1 Vagosympatheti c trunk Brachial plexus Vagus Lumbosacral plexus Sciatic Urogenital System See Skill Box 2.3, Abdominal Examination, page 34. See Skill Box 11.11, Urogenital Procedures: Urinary Catheterization, page 611. Femoral Tibial Diaphragm Esophagus Radial Median Ulnar Kidney Adrenal gland Figure 1.16 Nervous system: lateral view. For color detail, see color plate section, CP-3. Uterine tube Ovary Ovarian ligament Colon Broad ligament Ureter Round ligament Urinary bladder Uterus: Horn Body Urethra Rectum Vagina Anal gland Figure 1.17 Urogenital: ventral view, female. 14 ANATOMY

15 Diaphragm Esophagus Adrenal gland Prostate gland Colon Kidneys Kidney Urethra Ureter Urinary bladder Spermatic cord Colon Ureter Prepuce Urinary bladder Spermatic cord Urethra Rectum Ductus deferens Epididymis Bulbourethral gland Penis Prepuce Glans penis Prostate gland Ductus deferens Epididymis Testis Os penis Figure 1.19 Urogenital: lateral view, male. Glans penis Anal gland Testis Figure 1.18 Urogenital: ventral view, male. ANATOMY 15 chapter 1

16 chapter 1 Eye Ear See Skill Box 2.4, Otoscopic Examination, page 34. See Skill Box 2.13, Ear Cleaning and Flushing, page 62. Bulbar conjunctiva Sl Sclera Posterior chamber Choroid Retina Pinna Iris Cornea Anterior chamber Lens Vitreous humor Optic disk Third eyelid Suspensory ligament Optic nerve Palpebral conjunctiv a Figure 1.20 Eye. Vertical auditory canal Semicircular canals Vestibule Oval window Cochlea Auditory nerve Horizontal auditory canal Round window Tympanic membrane Middle ear cavity Eustachian tube (auditory) Figure 1.21 Ear. 16 ANATOMY