Spinal Column. Anatomy Of The Spine
|
|
- Caitlin Elliott
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Anatomy Of The Spine The spine is a flexible column, composed of a stack of individual bones. Each bone is called a vertebra. There are seven vertebrae in the neck (cervical vertebrae) twelve in the thoracic region (thoracic vertebrae) and five in the lumbar region (lumbar vertebrae). At the top, the skull rests on the atlas vertebra (the first cervical vertebra). This is called the occipito-cervical junction. At the bottom, the fifth lumbar vertebra rests on the sacrum (a large triangular bone) which consists of five fused vertebral elements. The sacrum forms part of the pelvis. Below the sacrum, there is a small string of bones, the residual tail, called the coccyx. This is composed of up to six or seven segments. The vertebrae are separated from each other by joints. At the front, there is a large fibro-cartilaginous joint, called a disc. At the back, there are facet joints. The bones are bound 1 / 6
2 together by ligaments. The most important of these are the anterior longitudinal ligament, the posterior longitudinal ligament and the ligamentum flavum (see diagrams). Down the centre of the spine there is a canal the vertebral or spinal canal. In this canal, we find the spinal cord and spinal nerves. The Spinal Canal From the outside in, there are a number of layers. First, there is a layer of fat and large veins, found in the epidural space (epi means around hence epidural means around the dura). The next layer is the dura mater. As its name implies, it is a very tough fibrous layer, which is resistant to penetration and ensheaths the nerves as they leave the spinal column. Just inside the dura, there is a layer of a thin silvery membrane, that looks a bit like a spider s web. This is called the arachnoid. Inside the arachnoid layer, we find cerebro-spinal fluid, which is continuous with the cerebro-spinal fluid that bathes and supports the brain. Closely applied to the spinal cord and nerves is the pia mater, which in the spine, serves as a membrane that binds the spinal cord and the nerves into anatomical entities. The spinal nerves leave the spinal canal to the sides, via gaps between the bones known as foramina. The spinal nerves then go out into the neck, arm, trunk and limbs, bundled together as peripheral nerves. Each spinal nerve contains motor fibres, which innervate the muscles (and signal to them that the need to move). There are sensory nerves, which transmit sensation from the skin, joints and deeper organs back to the spinal cord. Then, there are sympathetic nerve fibres that run along with the peripheral nerves, which control a large number of peripheral functions, particularly sweating and the diameter of the blood vessels of the skin. Finally, in the sacral region there are para-sympathetic nerves, which innervate the lower part of the gut (the hind gut) and the visceral structures of the pelvis, including the bladder, the rectum, 2 / 6
3 the internal anal sphincter and provide erectile function. {japopup type="youtube" content=" width="640" height="380" title="cervical Spine and Disc Anatomy"} {/japopup} The spinal nerve roots are numbered very precisely. The first cervical spinal nerve root emerges between the occiput and the back of the C1 vertebra. This is a very small sensory nerve, which does not appear to have much in the way of representation on the skin surface. The next nerve root is much larger and emerges between the lamina of the C1 vertebra and C2. This is the C2 nerve root, which goes on to become the major constituent of the occipital nerves. Emerging through the C2/C3 foramen, we have the first of the neck cervical spinal nerves C3. Because there are 7 cervical vertebrae, but 8 cervical nerves, the nerve that emerges between the 7 cervical vertebra and the first thoracic vertebra and known as C8. The first thoracic nerve emerges between the first thoracic vertebra and the second (known as the T1 root). The next twelve roots emerge serially, so that the nerve that emerges between the T12 vertebra and the L1 vertebra is the T12 nerve root. The nerve that emerges between the first and second lumbar vertebrae is known at the L1 nerve root. The nerve roots are then numbered serially until we get to the nerve that emerges between the fifth lumbar vertebra and the sacrum this is the L5 nerve root. The first sacral nerve root emerges through the first sacral foramen and so on until we get to S5. The different body structures innervated by the spinal nerve roots may be summarised as follows. The first four cervical nerve roots innervate the strap muscles of the neck and C3, 4 and 5 give off a very important nerve the phrenic nerve which innervates the diaphragm. From C5 downwards (with some contribution from C4) to T1, the spinal nerves unite to form divisions, trunks and then cords creating a structure known as the brachial plexus. This brachial plexus is a structure much beloved of anatomy examiners and testing the knowledge of this structure has been used to torture medical students for centuries. In essence, the brachial plexus is responsible for the innervation of the upper limb. This innervation is roughly serial so that the more proximal muscles (around the shoulder joint) are innervated by the upper parts of the brachial plexus, whereas the intrinsic hand muscles (the little muscles within the palm) are innervated by the first thoracic nerve (or T1). The remaining thoracic nerves innervate the segmental musculature of the trunk. When we get to the leg, we find that the innervation to the muscles comes from L2 S2. The pattern of innervation (the myotomes) is given in the table. One simple way of remembering the innervation in the lower limbs is that the leg is twice the size of the arm and so each muscle receives its innervation from at least two spinal nerves. The only exception seems to be the dorsiflexors of the foot, which are remarkably sensitive to loss of 3 / 6
4 function within the L5 nerve root. Stability The spinal column depends upon a number of factors for its stability. The notion of stability is one that is debated amongst practitioners of spinal medicine and surgery. However, a useful working definition would be one as follows. "A spine may be regarded as stable if it allows a normal, physiological range of motion, without neurological compromise; and for growth in the spine to occur, without spinal deformity". Pathophysiology Of The Spine - Wear and tear in Discs - Spondylolysis - Spondylolisthesis - Nerve root compromise - Spinal cord compression - Tumours - Tuberculosis (patient on ward NOW) - Epidural abscess - empyema Mechanism of damage - all ischaemia. Stops the machine and wrecks the machinery. General rule - the longer and harder the nervous system is squeezed, the worse the outcome. 4 / 6
5 5 / 6
6 6 / 6
VERTEBRAL COLUMN ANATOMY IN CNS COURSE
VERTEBRAL COLUMN ANATOMY IN CNS COURSE Vertebral body Sections of the spine Atlas (C1) Axis (C2) What type of joint is formed between atlas and axis? Pivot joint What name is given to a fracture of both
More informationHuman Anatomy - Problem Drill 11: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Human Anatomy - Problem Drill 11: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Question No. 1 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed,
More informationHuman Anatomy. Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Human Anatomy Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves 1 The Spinal Cord Link between the brain and the body. Exhibits some functional independence from the brain. The spinal cord and spinal nerves serve two functions:
More informationAnatomy of the Spine. Figure 1. (left) The spine has three natural curves that form an S-shape; strong muscles keep our spine in alignment.
1 2 Anatomy of the Spine Overview The spine is made of 33 individual bony vertebrae stacked one on top of the other. This spinal column provides the main support for your body, allowing you to stand upright,
More informationChapter 13. The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves. Spinal Cord. Spinal Cord Protection. Meninges. Together with brain forms the CNS Functions
Spinal Cord Chapter 13 The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves Together with brain forms the CNS Functions spinal cord reflexes integration (summation of inhibitory and excitatory) nerve impulses highway for upward
More informationLigaments of the vertebral column:
In the last lecture we started talking about the joints in the vertebral column, and we said that there are two types of joints between adjacent vertebrae: 1. Between the bodies of the vertebrae; which
More informationRiver North Pain Management Consultants, S.C., Axel Vargas, M.D., Regional Anesthesiology and Interventional Pain Management.
River North Pain Management Consultants, S.C., Axel Vargas, M.D., Regional Anesthesiology and Interventional Pain Management. Chicago, Illinois, 60611 Phone: (888) 951-6471 Fax: (888) 961-6471 Clinical
More informationTHE VERTEBRAL COLUMN. Average adult length: In male: about 70 cms. In female: about 65 cms.
THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN Average adult length: In male: about 70 cms. In female: about 65 cms. 1 Vertebral Column (Regions and Curvatures) Curvatures of the vertebral column: A. Primary curvature: C-shaped;
More informationRADICULOPATHY AN INTRODUCTION TO
AN INTRODUCTION TO RADICULOPATHY This booklet provides general information on radiculopathy. It is not meant to replace any personal conversations that you might wish to have with your physician or other
More informationLEARN * DREAM * AWAKEN* DISCOVER * ENLIGHTEN * INVESTIGATE * QUESTION * EXPLORE
S C I E N C E H U M A N Spine & Vertebrate The Spine & Vertebrate in Focus This Enrichment4You e-guide provides a brief overview of the spine and vertebrate. In this e-guide you will: Human Body Spine/Vertebrate
More informationGross Morphology of Spinal Cord
Gross Morphology of Spinal Cord Done By : Rahmeh Alsukkar ** I did my best and sorry for any mistake ** the sheet does not contain pictures, tables and some slides so please be careful and go back to slides
More informationAnatomy of the Nervous System. Brain Components
Anatomy of the Nervous System Brain Components NERVOUS SYSTEM INTRODUCTION Is the master system of human body, controlling the functions of rest of the body systems Nervous System CLASSIFICATION A. Anatomical
More informationSpinal nerves and cervical plexus Prof. Abdulameer Al Nuaimi. E mail: a.al E. mail:
Spinal nerves and cervical plexus Prof. Abdulameer Al Nuaimi E mail: a.al nuaimi@sheffield.ac.uk E. mail: abdulameerh@yahoo.com Branches of ophthalmic artery Muscles of face A spinal nerve Spinal
More informationBony framework of the vertebral column Structure of the vertebral column
5.1: Vertebral column & back. Overview. Bones o vertebral column. o typical vertebra. o vertebral canal. o spinal nerves. Joints o Intervertebral disc. o Zygapophyseal (facet) joint. Muscles o 2 compartments:
More informationSpinal Cord and Properties of Cerebrospinal Fluid: Options for Drug Delivery. SMA Foundation New York
Spinal Cord and Properties of Cerebrospinal Fluid: Options for Drug Delivery New York Why Do We Need to Know about the Spinal Cord Anatomy and Properties of Cerebrospinal Fluid? SMA therapeutics need to
More informationIt consist of two components: the outer, laminar fibrous container (or annulus), and the inner, semifluid mass (the nucleus pulposus).
Lumbar Spine The lumbar vertebrae are the last five vertebrae of the vertebral column. They are particularly large and heavy when compared with the vertebrae of the cervical or thoracicc spine. Their bodies
More informationCopyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Sectioned spinous process. Interspinous.
PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Janice Meeking, Mount Royal College C H A P T E R 7 The Skeleton: Part B Vertebral Column Transmits weight of trunk to lower limbs Surrounds and protects spinal cord
More informationSPINAL CORD AND PROPERTIES OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID: OPTIONS FOR DRUG DELIVERY
SPINAL CORD AND PROPERTIES OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID: OPTIONS FOR DRUG DELIVERY WHY DO WE NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE SPINAL CORD ANATOMY AND PROPERTIES OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID? SMA therapeutics need to reach cells
More informationAxial Skeleton: Vertebrae and Thorax
Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae and Thorax Function of the vertebral column (spine or backbone): 1) 2) 3) Composition of Vertebral column The vertebral column is formed by 33 individual vertebrae (some of which
More informationGross Morphology of Spinal Cord
Gross Morphology of Spinal Cord Lecture Objectives Describe the gross anatomical features of the spinal cord. Describe the level of the different spinal segments compared to the level of their respective
More informationLecture 14: The Spinal Cord
Lecture 14: The Spinal Cord M/O Chapters 16 69. Describe the relationship(s) between the following structures: root, nerve, ramus, plexus, tract, nucleus, and ganglion. 70. Trace the path of information
More informationP R E S E N T S Dr. Mufa T. Ghadiali is skilled in all aspects of General Surgery. His General Surgery Services include: General Surgery Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery Surgical Oncology Gastrointestinal
More information2. The vertebral arch is composed of pedicles (projecting from the body) and laminae (uniting arch posteriorly).
VERTEBRAL COLUMN 2018zillmusom I. VERTEBRAL COLUMN - functions to support weight of body and protect spinal cord while permitting movements of trunk and providing for muscle attachments. A. Typical vertebra
More informationThe Vertebral Column
The Vertebral Column The vertebral column (also called the backbone, spine, or spinal column) consists of a series of 33 irregularly shaped bones, called vertebrae. These 33 bones are divided into five
More informationCopyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
E. VERTEBRAL COLUMN 1. The vertebral column extends from the skull to the pelvis and forms the vertical axis of the skeleton. 2. The vertebral column is composed of vertebrae that are separated by intervertebral
More informationSpinal Cord Anatomy. Key Points. What is the spine? Areas of the spine: Spinal Cord Anatomy
Spinal Cord Anatomy Authors: SCIRE Community Team Reviewed by: Riley Louie, PT Last updated: Sept 21, 2017 This page provides an overview of the structures of the spinal cord and how the spinal cord works.
More informationANATOMY OF SPINAL CORD. Khaleel Alyahya, PhD, MEd King Saud University School of
ANATOMY OF SPINAL CORD Khaleel Alyahya, PhD, MEd King Saud University School of Medicine @khaleelya OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: Describe the external anatomy of the
More informationVERTEBRAL COLUMN VERTEBRAL COLUMN
VERTEBRAL COLUMN FUNCTIONS: 1) Support weight - transmits weight to pelvis and lower limbs 2) Houses and protects spinal cord - spinal nerves leave cord between vertebrae 3) Permits movements - *clinical
More informationNote: Please refer to handout Spinal Plexuses and Representative Spinal Nerves for
Chapter 13 Outline Note: Please refer to handout Spinal Plexuses and Representative Spinal Nerves for what you need to know from Exhibits 13.1 13.4 I. INTRODUCTION A. The spinal cord and spinal nerves
More informationChiropractic Glossary
Chiropractic Glossary Anatomy Articulation: A joint formed where two or more bones in the body meet. Your foot bone, for example, forms an articulation with your leg bone. You call that articulation an
More informationA Patient s Guide to Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH)
A Patient s Guide to Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH) 6565 Fannin Street Houston, TX 77030 Phone: 713-790-3333 DISCLAIMER: The information in this booklet is compiled from a variety of sources.
More informationhuman anatomy 2015 lecture four Dr meethak ali ahmed neurosurgeon
The Vertebral Column the vertebral columnis central pillar of the body.it serve to protect the spinal cord and support the weight of the head trunk, which it transmits to the hip bones & the lower limbs.
More informationSpineFAQs. Lumbar Spondylolisthesis
SpineFAQs Lumbar Spondylolisthesis Normally, the bones of the spine (the vertebrae) stand neatly stacked on top of one another. The ligaments and joints support the spine. Spondylolisthesis alters the
More informationOverview. Spinal Anatomy Spaces & Meninges Spinal Cord. Anatomy of the dura. Anatomy of the arachnoid. Anatomy of the spinal meninges
European Course in Neuroradiology Module 1 - Anatomy and Embryology Dubrovnik, October 2018 Spinal Anatomy Spaces & Meninges Spinal Cord Johan Van Goethem Overview spinal meninges & spaces spinal cord
More informationClassification of the nervous system. Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 2
1 1. Formation and general organization 2. Spinal ganglia 3. Zonal and segmental innervation 4. Dorsal rami of the spinal nerves 5. Ventral rami of the spinal nerves 6. Cervical plexus Classification of
More informationThe Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves
The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves Together with brain forms the CNS Functions spinal cord reflexes integration (summation of inhibitory and excitatory) nerve impulses highway for upward and downward travel
More informationAnatomy. Anatomy deals with the structure of the human body, and includes a precise language on body positions and relationships between body parts.
Anatomy deals with the structure of the human body, and includes a precise language on body positions and relationships between body parts. Proper instruction on safe and efficient exercise technique requires
More informationIntroduction and Basic structural organization of the nervous system
Introduction and Basic structural organization of the nervous system **the slides are in bold and the book is in red Done by : razan krishan & marah marahleh INTRODUCTION The nervous system, along with
More informationThe Nervous System: The
C h a p t e r 14 The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Jason LaPres North Harris College Houston, Texas Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing
More informationSir William Asher ANATOMY
SPINAL CORD INJURY BASICS RELATED TO LIFE CARE PLANNING Lesson 1 Sir William Asher Picture the pathetic patient lying long abed, the urine leaking from his distended bladder, the lime draining from his
More informationINDEPENDENT LEARNING: DISC HERNIATION IN THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE: ANATOMICAL FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN REVIEW
INDEPENDENT LEARNING: DISC HERNIATION IN THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE: ANATOMICAL FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN REVIEW CDC REPORT - CAUSES OF DISABILITY, 2005 REVIEW QUESTIONS ABOUT DISC HERNIATION IN THE NATIONAL
More informationSpinal Cord- Medulla Spinalis. Cuneyt Mirzanli Istanbul Gelisim University
Spinal Cord- Medulla Spinalis Cuneyt Mirzanli Istanbul Gelisim University Spinal Column Supports the skull, pectoral girdle, upper limbs and thoracic cage by way of the pelvic girdle. Transmits body weight
More informationThe vault bones Frontal Parietals Occiput Temporals Sphenoid Ethmoid
The Vertebral Column Head, Neck and Spine Bones of the head Some consider the bones of the head in terms of the vault bones and the facial bones hanging off the front of them The vault bones Frontal Parietals
More informationNERVOUS SYSTEM ANATOMY
INTRODUCTION to NERVOUS SYSTEM ANATOMY M1 - Gross and Developmental Anatomy Dr. Milton M. Sholley Professor of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Dr. Michael H. Peters Professor of Chemical and Life Science
More informationDana Alrafaiah. - Amani Nofal. - Ahmad Alsalman. 1 P a g e
- 2 - Dana Alrafaiah - Amani Nofal - Ahmad Alsalman 1 P a g e This lecture will discuss five topics as follows: 1- Arrangement of pelvic viscera. 2- Muscles of Pelvis. 3- Blood Supply of pelvis. 4- Nerve
More informationPOSTERIOR CERVICAL FUSION
AN INTRODUCTION TO PCF POSTERIOR CERVICAL FUSION This booklet provides general information on the Posterior Cervical Fusion (PCF) surgical procedure for you to discuss with your physician. It is not meant
More informationLAB Notes#1. Ahmad Ar'ar. Eslam
LAB Notes#1 Ahmad Ar'ar Eslam 1 P a g e Anatomy lab Notes Lower limb bones :- Pelvic girdle: It's the connection between the axial skeleton and the lower limb; it's made up of one bone called the HIP BONE
More informationHuman Anatomy and Physiology - Problem Drill 07: The Skeletal System Axial Skeleton
Human Anatomy and Physiology - Problem Drill 07: The Skeletal System Axial Skeleton Question No. 1 of 10 Which of the following statements about the axial skeleton is correct? Question #01 A. The axial
More informationA. Incorrect! The axial skeleton includes bones of the skull, inner ear, chest and spinal column.
Anatomy and Physiology - Problem Drill 07: The Skeletal System II No. 1 of 10 1. Which of the following statements about the axial skeleton is correct? A. The axial skeleton includes bones of the skull,
More informationChapter 7 Part B The Skeleton
Chapter 7 Part B The Skeleton 7.2 The Vertebral Column General Characteristics Extends from skull to pelvis Also called spine or spinal column Functions to transmit weight of trunk to lower limbs, surround
More informationGeneral Anatomy p. 1 Organization of the Human Body p. 1 Skeleton of the Human Body p. 4 Ossification of the Bones p. 6 Bone Structure p. 8 Joints p.
General Anatomy p. 1 Organization of the Human Body p. 1 Skeleton of the Human Body p. 4 Ossification of the Bones p. 6 Bone Structure p. 8 Joints p. 10 Principal Joints (Immovable) p. 12 Synovial Joints
More informationPNS and ANS Flashcards
1. Name several SOMATIC SENSES Light touch (being touched by a feather), heat, cold, vibration, pressure, pain are SOMATIC SENSES. 2. What are proprioceptors; and how is proprioception tested? PROPRIOCEPTORS
More informationHuman Anatomy - Problem Drill 06: The Skeletal System Axial Skeleton & Articualtions
Human Anatomy - Problem Drill 06: The Skeletal System Axial Skeleton & Articualtions Question No. 1 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper
More informationAnatomy and Physiology II. Spine
Anatomy and Physiology II Spine Bones and Other Structures Vertibrae Contains Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral and Coccygeal regions We use Capital letters to refer to these (C, T, L, S, and Co) and
More information[ANATOMY #12] April 28, 2013
Sympathetic chain : Sympathetic chain is each of the pair of ganglionated longitudinal cords of the sympathetic nervous system; extend from level of atlas (base of skull) till coccyx. It is paravertebral
More informationTHE BACK THE SPINAL CORD
THE BACK THE SPINAL CORD The structures in the vertebral canal: the spinal cord spinal nerve roots spinal meninges the neurovascular structures THE SPINAL CORD The spinal cord occupies the superior 2/3
More informationOrganization of The Nervous System PROF. SAEED ABUEL MAKAREM
Organization of The Nervous System PROF. SAEED ABUEL MAKAREM Objectives By the end of the lecture, you should be able to: List the parts of the nervous system. List the function of the nervous system.
More informationSpinal injury. Structure of the spine
Spinal injury Structure of the spine Some understanding of the structure of the spine (spinal column) and the spinal cord is important as it helps your Neurosurgeon explain about the part of the spine
More informationHERNIATED DISCS AN INTRODUCTION TO
AN INTRODUCTION TO HERNIATED S This booklet provides general information on herniated discs. It is not meant to replace any personal conversations that you might wish to have with your physician or other
More informationNERVOUS SYSTEM ANATOMY
NTRODUCTON to NERVOUS SYSTEM ANATOMY M1 - Gross and Developmental Anatomy Dr. Milton M. Sholley Professor of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Dr. Michael H. Peters Professor of Chemical and Life Science Engineering
More informationYara saddam & Dana Qatawneh. Razi kittaneh. Maher hadidi
1 Yara saddam & Dana Qatawneh Razi kittaneh Maher hadidi LECTURE 10 THORAX The thorax extends from the root of the neck to the abdomen. The thorax has a Thoracic wall Thoracic cavity and it is divided
More information1 Normal Anatomy and Variants
1 Normal Anatomy and Variants 1.1 Normal Anatomy MR Technique. e standard MR protocol for a routine evaluation of the spine always comprises imaging in sagittal and axial planes, while coronal images are
More informationCHAPTER 13 LECTURE OUTLINE
CHAPTER 13 LECTURE OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION A. The spinal cord and spinal nerves mediate reactions to environmental changes. B. The spinal cord has several functions. 1. It processes reflexes. 2. It is
More informationANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I Laboratory Version B Name Section. REVIEW SHEET Exercise 10 Axial Skeleton
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I Laboratory Version B Name Section REVIEW SHEET Exercise 10 Axial Skeleton 1 POINT EACH. THE SKULL MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The major components of the axial skeleton include the 7. The
More informationTHE THORACIC WALL. Boundaries Posteriorly by the thoracic part of the vertebral column. Anteriorly by the sternum and costal cartilages
THE THORACIC WALL Boundaries Posteriorly by the thoracic part of the vertebral column Anteriorly by the sternum and costal cartilages Laterally by the ribs and intercostal spaces Superiorly by the suprapleural
More informationChapter 12b. Overview
Chapter 12b Spinal Cord Overview Spinal cord gross anatomy Spinal meninges Sectional anatomy Sensory pathways Motor pathways Spinal cord pathologies 1 The Adult Spinal Cord About 18 inches (45 cm) long
More informationAXIAL SKELETON FORM THE VERTICAL AXIS OF THE BODY CONSISTS OF 80 BONES INCLUDES BONES OF HEAD, VERTEBRAL COLUMN, RIBS,STERNUM
AXIAL SKELETON FORM THE VERTICAL AXIS OF THE BODY CONSISTS OF 80 BONES INCLUDES BONES OF HEAD, VERTEBRAL COLUMN, RIBS,STERNUM APPENDICULAR SKELETON BONES OF THE FREE APPENDAGES & THEIR POINTS OF ATTACHMENTS
More informationHuman Anatomy Biology 351
nnnnn 1 Human Anatomy Biology 351 Exam #2 Please place your name on the back of the last page of this exam. You must answer all questions on this exam. Because statistics demonstrate that, on average,
More informationPatient Information ACDF. Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Patient Information ACDF Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Table of Contents Anatomy of the Spine...2-3 General Conditions of the Cervical Spine...4 5 What is an ACDF?...6 How is an ACDF performed?...7
More informationChapter 14. The Nervous System. The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves. Lecture Presentation by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College
Chapter 14 The Nervous System The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Lecture Presentation by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College Introduction The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of: The spinal
More informationMD Bones & Joints of the Back. A/Prof Chris Briggs Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience
MD 2017 Bones & Joints of the Back A/Prof Chris Briggs Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience WARNING This material has been provided to you pursuant to section 49 of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) for
More informationSpine Conditions and Treatments. Your Guide to Common
Your Guide to Common Spine Conditions and Treatments The spine is made up of your neck and backbone. It allows your body to bend and move freely. As you get older, it is normal to have aches and pains.
More informationSpinal Cord H. Ruth Clemo, Ph.D.
Spinal Cord H. Ruth Clemo, Ph.D. OBJECTIVES After studying the material of this lecture, the student should be familiar with: 1. Surface anatomy of the spinal cord. 2. Internal structure and organization
More informationComprehension of the common spine disorder.
Objectives Comprehension of the common spine disorder. Disc degeneration/hernia. Spinal stenosis. Common spinal deformity (Spondylolisthesis, Scoliosis). Osteoporotic fracture. Anatomy Anatomy Anatomy
More informationSports Medicine Part I : ANATOMY OF THE SPINE, ABDOMEN AND SHOULDER COMPLEX
Sports Medicine 25 1.1 Part I : ANATOMY OF THE SPINE, ABDOMEN AND SHOULDER COMPLEX c.w.p. Wagner High School, Sports Medicine, A. Morgan, T. Morgan 2008 Anatomy of the Upper Body In this section of the
More information2 Back and Spinal Cord
2 Back and Spinal Cord Cards 2-1 to 2-24 Bones and Joints 2-1 Vertebral Column 2-2 Cervical Vertebrae 2-3 Thoracic Vertebrae 2-4 Lumbar Vertebra 2-5 Lumbar Vertebrae 2-6 Vertebral Ligaments: Lumbar Region
More informationObjectives. Comprehension of the common spine disorder
Objectives Comprehension of the common spine disorder Disc degeneration/hernia Spinal stenosis Common spinal deformity (Spondylolisthesis, Scoliosis) Osteoporotic fracture Destructive spinal lesions Anatomy
More informationOverview of the Skeleton: Bone Markings
Name Overview of the Skeleton: Bone Markings Match the terms in column B with the appropriate description in column A. Column A 1. sharp, slender process* 2. small rounded projection* 3. narrow ridge of
More informationSpinal Cord Protection. Chapter 13 The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves. External Anatomy of Spinal Cord. Structures Covering the Spinal Cord
Spinal Cord Protection Chapter 13 The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves We are only going to cover Pages 420-434 and 447 Together with brain forms the CNS Functions spinal cord reflexes integration (summation
More informationThe main causes of cervical radiculopathy include degeneration, disc herniation, and spinal instability.
SpineFAQs Cervical Radiculopathy Neck pain has many causes. Mechanical neck pain comes from injury or inflammation in the soft tissues of the neck. This is much different and less concerning than symptoms
More informationObjectives. Principles of Neurodynamics. Objectives. Foundations of Anatomy. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Structure Meets Function
Principles of Neurodynamics Jason Zafereo, PT, OCS, FAAOMPT With contributions from: Leslie Nelson, PT Objectives Participant will review the relevant anatomy and function of the peripheral, central, and
More informationGroup of students. - Rawan almujabili د. محمد المحتسب - 1 P a g e
- 14 - Group of students - Rawan almujabili د. محمد المحتسب - 1 P a g e Nerves of the posterior abdominal wall The spinal cord gives off spinal nerves between the vertebrae. In the abdomen, through the
More informationOBJECTIVE: To obtain a fundamental knowledge of the root of the neck with respect to structure and function
The root of the neck Jeff Dupree, Ph.D. e mail: jldupree@vcu.edu OBJECTIVE: To obtain a fundamental knowledge of the root of the neck with respect to structure and function READING ASSIGNMENT: Moore and
More informationYoga Anatomy & Physiology
Yoga Anatomy & Physiology Anatomy & Physiology Anatomy- One of the basic essential sciences of medicine that studies the structure of an organism. Physiology- The biological study of the functions of living
More informationCerebral hemisphere. Parietal Frontal Occipital Temporal
Cerebral hemisphere Sulcus / Fissure Central Precental gyrus Postcentral gyrus Lateral (cerebral) Parieto-occipital Cerebral cortex Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Insula Amygdala Hippocampus
More informationChapter 7. Skeletal System
Chapter 7 Skeletal System 1 Skull A. The skull is made up of 22 bones: 8 cranial bones, 13 facial bones, and the mandible. B. The Cranium encloses and protects the brain, provides attachments for muscles,
More informationThe Skeletal System. Parts of the skeletal system. Bones (Skeleton) Joints Cartilages Ligaments
The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system Bones (Skeleton) Joints Cartilages Ligaments Functions of the Bones Support Internal framework of the body Protection Skull and vertebrae protect brain
More informationChapter 13: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Chapter 13: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Spinal Cord Anatomy Protective structures: Vertebral column and the meninges protect the spinal cord and provide physical stability. a. Dura mater, b. Arachnoid,
More informationSpineFAQs. Cervical Disc Replacement
SpineFAQs Cervical Disc Replacement Artificial disc replacement (ADR) is relatively new. In June 2004, the first ADR for the lumbar spine (low back) was approved by the FDA for use in the US. Replacing
More informationLab # 2: Spinal Cord & Nerves, Reflexes and General Senses. A & P II Spring, 2014
Lab # 2: Spinal Cord & Nerves, Reflexes and General Senses A & P II Spring, 2014 Objectives Be able to identify specified spinal cord structures and spinal nerves on models Be familiar with spinal nerve
More informationPHYS. ED. VCE student worksheets
HARRY BROOKES ALLEN MUSEUM OF ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY PHYS. ED. VCE student worksheets PHOTOGRAPHY & FILMING IN THE MUSEUM ARE STRICTLY PROHIBITED Real people have generously donated their bodies so that
More informationChapter 13! Chapter 13 Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves! The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves!
Chapter 13! The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves! SECTION 13-1! The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system, and the cranial nerves and spinal nerves constitute the peripheral nervous system!
More informationThe Upper Limb III. The Brachial Plexus. Anatomy RHS 241 Lecture 12 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa
The Upper Limb III The Brachial Plexus Anatomy RHS 241 Lecture 12 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa Brachial plexus Network of nerves supplying the upper limb Compression of the plexus results in motor & sensory changes
More informationHuman Skeletal System Glossary
Acromegaly Apatite Acromegaly - is a condition which involves excessive growth of the jaw, hands, and feet. It results from overproduction of somatotropin in adults (after fusion of the ossification centres
More informationCentral Nervous System: Part 2
Central Nervous System: Part 2 1. Meninges 2. CSF 3. Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Explain spinal cord anatomy, including gray and white matter and meninges (give the general functions of this organ).
More informationThe spine is made of a column of bones. Each bone, or vertebra, is formed by a round block of bone, called a vertebral body. A bony ring attaches to the back of the vertebral body. When the vertebra bones
More informationThe Back. Anatomy RHS 241 Lecture 9 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa
The Back Anatomy RHS 241 Lecture 9 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa The spine has to meet 2 functions Strength Mobility Stability of the vertebral column is provided by: Deep intrinsic muscles of the back Ligaments
More informationGross Anatomy of Lower Spinal Cord
Chapter 13 Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves and Somatic Reflexes Spinal cord Spinal nerves Somatic reflexes Gross Anatomy of Lower Spinal Cord Meninges of Vertebra & Spinal Cord Spina Bifida Congenital defect
More informationThe Biomechanics of the Human Spine. Basic Biomechanics, 6 th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
Chapter 9 The Biomechanics of the Human Spine Structure of the Spine The spine is a curved stack of 33 vertebrae structurally divided into five regions: cervical region - 7 vertebrae thoracic region -
More information