Systems Neuroscience Dan Kiper. Today: Wolfger von der Behrens
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1 Systems Neuroscience Dan Kiper Today: Wolfger von der Behrens
2 Neurons Pyramidal neuron by Santiago Ramón y Cajal ( , Nobel prize with Camillo Golgi in 1906)
3 Neurons Reconstruction of living human brain cell, Stanford 2017
4 From: Purves, Neuroscience, 4th edition Types of Neurons
5 Dendrites Schematic neuron
6 Axon Boutons Cleft Dendritic spines Postsynaptic membrane, Vesicles Transmitter, Receptors Terminology
7 Axon
8 Vesicles From: Purves, Neuroscience, 4th edition
9 Post-synaptic receptor From: Purves, Neuroscience, 4th edition
10 Dendrites From: Purves, Neuroscience, 4th edition
11 Sequence of events From: Purves, Neuroscience, 4th edition
12 Neuronal Networks
13 Neuronal Networks
14 Central nervous system (CNS) vs Peripheral nervous Terminology
15 The human brain
16 The human brain
17 The human brain
18 The human brain
19 Gross Anatomy: Protection and Sustenance of the Brain The Skull Structure Function face-and-emotion.com/.../ physiognomy/cranium.jsp
20 Gross Anatomy: Protection and Sustenance of the Brain The Meninges Structure Function From: Purves, Neuroscience, 4th edition
21 Ventricular system From: Purves, Neuroscience, 4th edition
22 Navigating the Central Nervous System
23 Navigating the Central Nervous System
24 Navigating the Central Nervous System From: Purves, Neuroscience, 4th edition
25 Navigating the Central Nervous System From: Purves, Neuroscience, 4th edition
26 Navigating the Central Nervous System Directions of Orientation in the CNS Anterior: Toward the front or front end Posterior: Toward the back or back end Inferior: Toward the bottom of the body, or below Superior: Toward the top of the head/body, or above Medial: Toward the middle/midline Lateral: Away from the middle/midline, toward the side Rostral: Toward the nose Caudal: Toward the tail/rear Proximal: Near the trunk or center Distal: Away from the center Dorsal:Toward the back Ventral: Toward the belly Ipsilateral: On the same side Contralateral: On the opposite side Bilateral: On both sides Unilateral: On one side
27 Neural development From: Purves, Neuroscience, 4th edition
28 Neural development From: Purves, Neuroscience, 4th edition
29 Major divisions of the brain Telencephalon Mesencephalon Myelencephalon Diencephalon Metencephalon From: Wikipedia
30 Nervous System (NS) Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord Somatic NS Autonomic NS Sympathetic NS Parasympathetic NS The Brain Neural Tube (Embyronic Brain) Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain Telencephalon Diencephalon Mesencephalon Metencephalon Myelencephalon Cerebral cortex Basal ganglia Hippocampus Amygdala Thalamus Hypothalamus Tectum Tegmentum Pons Cerebellum Medulla
31 Major divisions of the brain From: Purves, Neuroscience, 4th edition
32 Cranial nerves From: Purves, Neuroscience, 4th edition
33 Major divisions of the brain
34 The Limbic System
35 The Limbic System Broca s limbic lobe Papez (1937) more precisely defined it Structure Structures on medial and basal surfaces of cerebral hemispheres Cingulate gyrus + parahippocampal gyrus + hippocampal formation + fornix + amygdala + septum + mammillary bodies Anatomic circuits include basolateral circuit and the Papez circuit Function Emotional expression Memory acquisition Fear conditioning Violence and aggression
36 Hypothalamus and Thalamus
37 Hypothalamus and Thalamus Upper Brain Stem: Diencephalon Thalamus Structure Relatively large Two symmetric large nuclei All thalamic nuclei receive ascending and descending input Many projections Function Relay station Domain-specific information processing
38 Hypothalamus and Thalamus Upper Brain Stem: Diencephalon Hypothalamus Structure Very small Contains an important collection of nuclei Function Controls autonomic mechanisms
39 Basal Ganglia
40 Basal Ganglia Structure Collection of nuclei embedded deep within cortex Partially surround the thalamus Sensory projections to cerebrum Efferents to other nervous system structures Caudate nucleus + putamen + globus pallidus + substantia nigra + subthalamic nucleus Function Regulate voluntary movement Integrative or just a relay station? Pathology Movement disorders (e.g. Parkinson s)
41 Lobes of cerebral cortex From: Purves, Neuroscience, 4th edition
42 Cytoarchitecture
43 Adult visual Cx Adult motor Cx 1.5 months Cx
44 Franz Joseph Gall ( ) Cortical areas
45 Cortical areas Phineas Gage ( ) Accident in 1848 destroyed left frontal lobe The equilibrium or balance, so to speak, between his intellectual faculties and animal propensities, seems to have been destroyed.
46 Brodmann s areas From: Korbinian Brodman 1909
47 Brodmann s areas
48 Circuits Superficial layers Lower area Higher area Layer IV Feedforward Infragranular layers Superficial layers Layer IV Feedback Infragranular layers
49 Circuits From: Da Costa & Martin, 2010
50 Comprehensive visual circuit From: Felleman & Van Essen, 1991
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