Psychology of Trauma (140T) Spring 2016 Final Study Guide

Transcription

1 Psychology of Trauma (140T) Spring 2016 Final Study Guide Purpose of the Study Guide: This is a tool designed to help you study for the final exam, and to supplement your own notes. It is not a "Cliff's Notes" version of the class, that would allow you to set aside the primary materials and study only from this document. If there is a "Cliff's Notes" version of the class, it is your own notes and summaries. This document is meant to help you identify gaps in your own study materials, not replace them. Disclaimer: Materials not included in the study guide may be on your exam. Ultimately, you are responsible for all class materials discussed, viewed, or assigned. This includes lecture materials, films, readings, guest lectures, and discussion section materials. The final exam is comprehensive and will cover material from the entire quarter, with an emphasis on the material from 4/28 through 6/2. Reading assignments from after the midterm are included in this study guide. Please refer to the midterm study guide for information on the readings prior to 4/28/16. LECTURES We do not provide summaries of the lecture notes because the slides are already in outline form. To do well on the exam, it is important to have a very strong grasp of the lecture material, because approximately 50% of the exam will be drawn from the lectures. It is strongly recommended that you review and study your own lecture notes in addition to the lecture slides provided on ecommons. If you missed attending lecture on one or more days, see a classmate for more detailed information about what was covered that day. Herman - Trauma and Recovery READINGS Chapter 7: A Healing Relationship - According to Herman, what are the principles or stages of recovery? - What is traumatic transference? How can it manifest in the therapy relationship? - Define traumatic countertransference and understand how it can impact the patient/therapist relationship, especially in terms of identifying with experiences of patient s helplessness, rage, and grief, the perpetrator s experience, and witness guilt - According to Herman, what rules are necessary within the therapy contract? - Why is a support system important for the therapist? What should the therapist s support system include? Chapter 8: Safety - How is safety established for the trauma survivor? - Identify differences between establishing safety for survivors of acute trauma and survivors of prolonged, repeated trauma - the special concerns of safety in battering relationships 1

2 Chapter 9: Remembrance and Mourning - Second stage of recovery: Remembrance and mourning What is the relationship between telling the story of the trauma and the survivor s traumatic memory? - What is the flooding technique and how does this treatment method attempt to transform traumatic memory? - What is the testimony technique (for survivors of torture) of reconstructing trauma and how is this similar to flooding? - What are the limitations of intensive therapeutic techniques such as flooding? - How can a patient break through amnesia during reconstruction? What is difficult about amnesia? - What is the role of mourning and grief in the recovery process? Chapter 10: Reconnection - Third stage of recovery: Reconnection - What is the relationship between self-empowerment in real life situations and learning physical self-defense? - Why is disclosing to others (e.g., family members) important? What is a good strategy for disclosure? - How does developing desire help a survivor to reconcile with oneself? - What is the role of both trust and intimacy in reconnecting with others? - What is a survivor mission and how can social action contribute to survivor empowerment? What form can a survivor mission take? - Can trauma be completely resolved? Chapter 11: Commonality - How are social bonds and community a potential buffer against trauma experienced by individuals (both generally/theoretically and specifically)? - What are the different types of groups that can serve as resources after trauma and what are the characteristics of these groups? - What is the meaning of commonality for those recovering from trauma? Shay - Achilles in Vietnam Chapter 5 - Triggers of the Berserk Stage - Bereavement - Characteristics of the Berserk State - Clinical Importance of the Berserk Stage Chapter 6 - Religious Roots - Clinical Importance of Honoring or Dishonoring the Enemy - Examples of dishonoring the dead Chapter 7 - What are the features of war Homer left out? Chapter 8 - Similarities and differences between Vietnam and Trojan War: perceptions of the soldiers 2

3 about Luck (good and bad; your good luck maybe be someone else's bad luck) Anger at the comrade who was killed Beliefs about God/the gods Chapter 9 - How modern armies are like families; the kinds of power they wield - Military training as a kind of coercive control similar to that used on political prisoners - Homeric gods as metaphors for (bad) military and political leadership Chapter 11: Healing and Tragedy - Does Shay believe that recovery is possible? Understand Shay s reasoning for the arguments: o Return to normal is not possible o We don t know if recovery is possible o Yes, recovery is possible - What does Shay propose is the best treatment? o What are the necessary steps for treatment? How are these similar to or different from Herman s argument? - How does narrative help heal trauma (i.e., personality changes and rebuilding the ruins of character )? - Understand the importance of trauma narrative, compassion, and the communalization of trauma Conclusion - Recommendations for minimizing risk of psychological harm for combat soldiers Bremner (2002) Chapter 4: Effects of Stress on Memory and the Brain - The roles of hormones (i.e., adrenaline [or norepinephrine and epinephrine] and cortisol) in memory modulation? - How does stress affect the hippocampus? - What is the role of the hippocampus? And how is it associated with dissociation? - What is the role of the frontal lobe in PTSD and stress response? - What is the role of the medial prefrontal cortex? Chapter 7: PTSD and Other Stress-Related Psychiatric Disorders as Diseases of the Brain Caused by Stress - What is Bremner s argument about memories (both traumatic and nontraumatic) and its impact on individuals? What are the controversies surrounding delayed recall? - According to Bremner, what important factors influence outcomes for trauma survivors? Baard (2003) - What are the arguments surrounding the debate over the use of drugs like propanolol to treat trauma? - How is the prospective nature of such a treatment problematic? Meehan (2010) - Veteran suicides: "War erodes ones regard for human life... you can being to lose regard for your own life as well" 3

4 - Effect of killing on soldiers Dokoupil (2012) - Concept of moral injury - Does the fear model do a good job of explaining PTSD in veterans? If not, what is missing? - Maguen's studies on the role of killing in later PTSD Bennett and Williams (2001) - History of batterer programs and the feminist movement - Profeminist men s groups - The social perspective of feminism - Victim contact: is it helpful? How is it implemented? - Goals of batterer programs - Benefits of group therapy - Effectiveness of batterer programs and the difficulty measuring them - Culture competence Lisak and Beszterczey (2007) - What is the nature and design of this study? - What is the main finding of this study (in one or two sentences) - What were some of the intermediary factors that were observed in the cycle of violence? (including 8 risk factors) - What is the role of inter-generational factors? - What is the interaction between developmental trauma and masculine socialization? Also review lecture notes for this article Interlandi (2014) - How is psychomotor therapy conducted? - Role of the body in PTSD and recovery from PTSD - What is developmental trauma disorder? Is it similar to complex PTSD? Malkin (2010) - History of restorative justice circles (in general and in Santa Cruz) - Philosophy and goals of restorative justice Tullis (2013) - Conor McBride story - process of restorative justice Byrne (2009) - Defensive vs. proactive ethics - APA guidelines for ethics - supporting and compensating participants - effects of trauma research on researchers (and assistants such as translators) Staub (2006) - What is reconciliation? - What is meant by the "evolution of harm-doing"? - Effects of violence on survivors, perpetrators, and bystanders - What were the components of the intervention in Rwanda and was it effective? 4

5 - Table 1: factors necessary to prevent group violence Also review lecture notes for this article FILMS Band of Brothers & Platoon - Example of berserk state (positive/adaptive/godlike and negative/maladaptive/beastlike) Truth, Lies, and Sex Offenders - How easy is it to identify whether an accused perpetrator is telling the truth or not? - Bystander reactions and believing the victim (nurse at ER not listening to child who said "we don't have stairs in our house") Scared Silent - Intergenerational abuse going back several generations - Negative impact of emotional and psychological abuse EMDR videos - What happens during an EMDR session? Good Will Hunting - What kinds of distorted beliefs do trauma survivors have? - In this example, how was the distorted belief shifted? Long Night's Journey Into Day - different reactions of survivors - some relatives wanting knowledge and understanding rather than revenge - role of forgiveness - the role of the audience in witnessing the hearings GUEST LECTURES Gitta Ryle: Experience of Holocaust survivor; role of forgiveness in healing; importance of attachment to caregiver (would rather have gone to Auschwitz with parents then be separated) Christine King: restorative justice Priscilla Sung: Can children experience trauma? Trauma symptoms in children, differences between trauma symptoms in children and adults, trauma treatment for children. Sona Kaur: Cultural values of India (honor and shame for women), arranged marriage system and the relationship to marital rape, Bollywood's stereotypical portrayals of violence against women. Examples of anti-rape activism in India (men's involvement, progressive masculinity) 5