Psychological Disorders

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Amberlynn Banks
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1 Psychological Disorders I felt the need to clean my room spent 4 to 5 hours at it At the time I loved it but then didn't want to do it any more, but could not stop The clothes hung two fingers apart I touched my bedroom wall before leaving the house I had constant anxiety I thought I might be nuts. Marc, diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (from Summers, 1996) 1

2 Abnormal Psychology A.K.A. Psychological Disorders A harmful dysfunction in which behavior is judged to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive and unjustifiable.

3 Elements of Mental Illness 1. Deviant behavior (going naked) in one culture may be considered normal, while in others it may lead to arrest. 2. Distress 3. Dysfunctional Carol Beckwith Foot binding in China. 3

4 Early Theories and Treatments Evil spirits trying to get out Trephining: boring holes in skull to remove evil forces Exorcism, caged, beaten, burned, castrated, mutilated, or transfused with animal s blood.

5 Perspectives and Disorders Psychological School/Perspective Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Humanistic Cause of the Disorder Internal, unconscious drives Failure to strive to one s potential Behavioral the environment. Cognitive Irrational, ways of thinking. Sociocultural Neuroscience Dysfunctional Society biochemical imbalances

6 Modern Diagnosis of Mental Illness Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Classify disorders and describe symptoms. Will NOT explain causes or possible cures.

7 From Normal to Abnormal Neurotic Disorders Distressing but one can still function in society and act rationally. Psychotic Disorders Person loses contact with reality, experiences distorted perceptions. John Wayne Gacy

8 Anxiety Disorders 1. Generalized anxiety disorders 2. Phobias 3. Panic disorders 4. Obsessive-compulsive disorders 5. PTSD 8

9 Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD Tense, apprehensive state of autonomic nervous system arousal Worried, feels inadequate, is oversensitive Can t concentrate

10 Panic Disorder Minutes-long episode of intense dread Person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain Choking and other frightening sensations. Take anxiety scale

11 Phobias A person experiences sudden episodes of intense dread Persistent/irrational fear of an object or situation that disrupts behavior

12 Phobias According to most studies, people's number one fear is public speaking. Number two is death. Death is number two. Does that sound right? This means to the average person, if you go to a funeral, you're beeer off in the casket than doing the eulogy. Top 10: snakes, buried alive, heights, tied up, drowning, public speaking, hell, cancer, tornadoes, fire Men: buried alive, heights, snakes, drowning, public speaking Women: snakes, tied up, buried alive, heights, public speaking Clip on phobias

Obsessive-compulsive disorder Persistent

13 Obsessive-compulsive disorder Persistent unwanted thoughts (obsessions) cause someone to feel the need (compulsion) to engage in a particular action. Obsession about dirt and germs may lead to compulsive hand washing. As Good As It Gets clip

14 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder a.k.a. PTSD Flashbacks or nightmares following involvement in or observation of an extremely stressful event. Memories of event cause anxiety.

15 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Four or more weeks of the following symptoms constitute post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): 1. Haunting memories 2. Nightmares 3. Social withdrawal 4. Jumpy anxiety 5. Sleep problems Bettmann/ Corbis 15

16 Mood Disorders Experience extreme or inappropriate emotion.

17 Major Depression Also called: Unipolar depression Unhappy for at least two weeks with no apparent cause. Depression is the common cold of psychological disorders.

19 Seasonal Affective Disorder Experience depression during the winter months. Based not on temperature, but on amount of sunlight. Treated with light therapy.

20 Formally manic depression. Bipolar Disorder periods of depression and manic episodes. Manic episodes involve feelings of high energy Engage in risky behavior during the manic episode. Increased past 30 yrs

21 Somatoform Disorders person manifests a psychological problem through a physiological (physical) symptom. Not to be confused with psychosomatic: mental conditions lead to physical disease

22 Hypochondriasis Frequent physical complaints Doctors unable to locate cause. Usually believe that the minor issues (headache, upset stomach) are indicative are more severe illnesses.

23 Conversion Disorder Existence of a severe physical problem but no biological cause can be found. Some become blind after witnessing a horrible tragedy Paralyzed from the waist down after death of a loved one. Clip 23

24 Dissociative Disorders Disorders that affect consciousness by causing an interference with the patient s general functioning, relationships and employment Allows the mind to separate certain memories from consciousness There are varying levels of severity; can be as minimal becoming involved in a book and as severe as disconnecting from your own self/personality

25 Dissociative Identity Disorder Multiple Personality Disorder person has several rather than one personality. history of childhood abuse or trauma. Don t call it Split personality!

Schizophrenic Disorders Symptoms: 1. Disorganized thinking 1. such as delusions (false beliefs) of persecution or grandeur 2. Disturbed Perceptions 1.

26 Schizophrenic Disorders Symptoms: 1. Disorganized thinking 1. such as delusions (false beliefs) of persecution or grandeur 2. Disturbed Perceptions 1. Hallucinations sensory experiences without sensory stimulation 3. Inappropriate Emotions and Actions 1. Laugh at inappropriate actions 2. Flat affect 3. Senseless, compulsive acts

27 Paranoid Schizophrenia preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations. Somebody is out to get me!!!! Clip

Clang associations: groupings of words based on sounds; generally rhyming,

28 Disorganized Schizophrenia disorganized speech or behavior, flat or inappropriate emotion. Clang associations: groupings of words based on sounds; generally rhyming, but no reason to be together: "Imagine the worst Systematic, sympathetic Quite pathetic, apologetic, paramedic Your heart is prosthetic Word salad

29 Flat affect Catatonic Schizophrenia parrot like repeating of another s speech and movements Clip

30 Abnormal Brain Scans Schizophrenia patients may exhibit changes in brain enlargement of fluid-filled areas. Both Photos: Courtesy of Daniel R. Weinberger, M.D., NIH-NIMH/ NSC 30

31 Personality Disorders impaired social functioning usually without anxiety, depression, or delusions Difficult to diagnose 31

32 Antisocial Personality Disorder Lack of empathy Lille regard for other s feelings. View world as hostile and look out for themselves. careless with money impulsive often aggressive more concerned with own needs

33 C1: Narcissistic Personality Disorder Think you re center of universe. exaggerate achievements Expect others to recognize their superior not just anyone is worthy of being their friend. uninterested in feelings of others/may take advantage of them.

Borderline Personality Disorder poor self-image, instable, impulsive, stormy relationships take anger out on themselves, causing themselves injury mood

34 Borderline Personality Disorder poor self-image, instable, impulsive, stormy relationships take anger out on themselves, causing themselves injury mood swings/bouts of anger Upset/abusive in response to perceived slights Lille tolerance for frustration Substance abuse, gambling, promiscuity, self mutilation

Abnormal Psychology. A.K.A. Psychological Disorders

Abnormal Psychology. A.K.A. Psychological Disorders Abnormal Psychology A.K.A. Psychological Disorders A harmful dysfunction in which behavior is judged to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive and unjustifiable. Early Theories Abnormal behavior was evil