VALUES AND THE WISDOM OF OUR GRANDMOTHERS

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1 VALUES AND THE WISDOM OF OUR GRANDMOTHERS

2 TRAUMA: WHEN EMOTIONS ARE STIMULATED IN CHILDREN AND/OR ADULTS AND THE RELEASE OF EMOTIONS IS BLOCKED. Jane Middelton-Moz Children of Trauma Copyright: 1986

3 WHEN TRAUMA IS NOT SHARED INCREASED BLOOD PRESSURE LOWERED IMMUNE SYSTEM INCREASED HEALTH RISK CONTINUAL STRESS INCREASED AGGRESSION INCREASED ADDICTIONS James Pennebaker, Ph.D. Opening Up

4 WHEN TRAUMA IS SHARED DECREASE IN BLOOD PRESSURE IMPROVED IMMUNE SYSTEM DECREASE IN HEALTH RISK DECREASED AGGRESSION DECREASED ADDICTIONS INCREASED CONGRUITY BETWEEN RIGHT AND LEFT HEMISPHERES James Pennebaker, Ph.D. Opening Up

5 PRIMARY EFFECTS OF TRAUMA Jane Middelton-Moz The Traumatic Event The Meaning Given to the Trauma by the Survivor The Individual s Way of Dealing with the Trauma Support or Lack of Support from others Responding to the survivor

6 SECONDARY EFFECTS OF TRAUMA Jane Middelton-Moz Significant people denying, not believing Blaming the Victim Stigma Lack of support from the environment for the feelings and beliefs about the trauma

7 GENERATIONAL TRAUMA Jane Middelton-Moz TRAUMA CUTS US OFF FROM: SELF/EMOTIONS PERSONAL POWER TRUST IN OUR ABILITY TO PROTECT OURSELVES TRUST OF OTHERS INTIMACY RITUAL AND CUSTOMS COMMUNITY

8 PATTERNS IN TRAUMA LINES - NUNAVIK DATE TRAUMA SUPPORT FOR GRIEVING COMMUNITY HEALING 1800 S WHALERS NO NO 1800 S MISSIONARIES NO NO 1900 S RELOCATION NO NO 1950 S ALCOHOL NO NO 1950 S CHILDREN SENT TO NO NO SCHOOLS OFF LAND 1960 S KILLING OF THE NO NO DOGS 1960 S ALCOHOL DEATHS NO NO BEGIN/DENIED 1970 S ABUSE AND RAPE NO NO 1970 S SUICIDES BEGIN NO NO 1990 S INCREASED NO NO HOMOCIDE 2000 S GANG ACTIVITY NO NO 2000 S SCHOOL SHOOTING NO NO

9 The National Inuit women s association, Pauktuutit, says fear, shame, anger, addictions and violence are threatening Inuit survival. Fear and denial have paralyzed us, says the strategy. Leadership is needed to turn the tide. Nunatsiaq News October 13, 2006 Jane George

10 LATERAL VIOLENCE Jane Middelton-Moz RACISM/VIOLENCE/SHAMING OPPRESSION WE TURN THE SHAMING/VIOLENCE AND OPPRESSION ON EACH OTHER GOSSIP RELIGIOUS WARS COMPETITION PUT DOWNS BLOODISM FAMILY FEUDS GANGS OR FIND PERCEIVED WEAKER ONES TO DIRECT VIOLENCE/SHAMING/OPPRESSION ANOTHER RACE

11 GENERATIONAL TRAUMA ALCOHOL AND DRUG ADDICTED FAMILIES INSTITUTIONALIZATION SUICIDE DEATH AND/OR LOSS THAT IS NOT GRIEVED PHYSICAL ABUSE EMOTIONAL ABUSE RELOCATION CHRONIC ILLNESS SECRETS SEXUAL ABUSE DIVORCE VIOLENCE/MURDER/RAPE WAR NATURAL DISASTER FOSTER CARE/ADOPTION CULTURAL OPPRESSION RELIGIOUS FANATICISM BULLYING COMMUNITY VIOLENCE POVERTY Jane MIddelton-Moz Children of Trauma Copyright: 1989

12 HANGOVER STABLE STAR TIME FALLING PASSED RISING SIDE SIDE OUT Jane Middelton-Moz After the Tears Copyright: 1985

14 GENERATIONAL TRAUMA ALCOHOL AND DRUG ADDICTED FAMILIES INSTITUTIONALIZATION SUICIDE DEATH AND/OR LOSS THAT IS NOT GRIEVED PHYSICAL ABUSE EMOTIONAL ABUSE RELOCATION CHRONIC ILLNESS SECRETS SEXUAL ABUSE DIVORCE VIOLENCE/MURDER/RAPE WAR NATURAL DISASTER FOSTER CARE/ADOPTION CULTURAL OPPRESSION RELIGIOUS FANATICISM BULLYING COMMUNITY VIOLENCE POVERTY Jane MIddelton-Moz Children of Trauma Copyright: 1989

15 THEY TOOK OUR CHILDREN AWAY Archie Roach This story s right, this story s true I would not tell lies to you Like the promises they did not keep And how they fenced us in like sheep Said to us come take our hand Set us up on mission land Taught us to read and write and pray Then they took the children away Took the children away The children away Snatched from their mothers breast Said this is for the best Took them away.

16 The welfare and the police came Said you ve got to understand THEY TOOK OUR CHILDREN AWAY Archie Roach We ll give to them what you can t give Teach them how to really live Teach they how to live they said Humiliated them instead Taught them that and taught them this Then they taught them prejudice They took the children away The children away Breaking their mothers hearts Tearing us all apart, they took them away.

17 One dark day on Framingham Came and didn t give a damn THEY TOOK OUR CHILDREN AWAY Archie Roach My mother cried, Go get your dad, He came running fighting mad Mother s tears were falling down Dad shaped up and stood his ground He said, You touch my kids and you fight me. Then they took us from our family They took us away They took us away Snatched from our mothers breasts Said this is for the best Took us away.

18 Told us what to do and say Taught us all the white man s ways Then they split us up again And gave us gifts to ease the pain Sent us off to foster homes As we grew up, we felt alone THEY TOOK OUR CHILDREN AWAY Archie Roach Cause we were acting white yet feeling black One sweet day all the children came back The children came back The children came back Back where their hearts grow strong Back where they all belong The children came back said the children came back Back where they understand Back to their mothers land The children came back.

19 Back to their mothers Back to their fathers Back to their sisters Back to their brothers Back to their people Back to their land All the children came back. The children came back The children came back Yes, I came back. THEY TOOK OUR CHILDREN AWAY Archie Roach

20 EFFECTS OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION: BOARDING SCHOOLS, RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS, HOSTELS, PROLONGED HOSPITALIZATION AS TOLD BY SURVIVORS BREAKDOWN IN FAMILY VALUES LOSS OF PARENTING SKILLS SILENCE ALCOHOL AND DRUGS CRYING SILENTLY ABUSE; EMOTIONAL, PHYSICAL, SEXUAL LEARNED TO KEEP SECRETS AND FEEL ASHAMED FEELING STUPID

21 EFFECTS OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION: BOARDING SCHOOLS, RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS, HOSTELS, PROLONGED HOSPITALIZATION AS TOLD BY SURVIVORS LEARNED HELPLESSNESS DIFFICULTY WITH DECISION MAKING DON T KNOW HOW TO SHOW AFFECTION TO MY CHILDREN OR MY PARTNER DEPRESSION I DON T KNOW HOW TO FEEL. IT MADE ME A SURVIVOR, BUT, I DON T KNOW HOW TO LIVE TERRIFIED TO BE VULNERABLE, SO I RAGE

22 LATERAL VIOLENCE Jane Middelton-Moz RACISM/VIOLENCE/SHAMING OPPRESSION WE TURN THE SHAMING/VIOLENCE AND OPPRESSION ON EACH OTHER GOSSIP RELIGIOUS WARS COMPETITION PUT DOWNS BLOODISM FAMILY FEUDS GANGS OR FIND PERCEIVED WEAKER ONES TO DIRECT VIOLENCE/SHAMING/OPPRESSION ANOTHER RACE

23 WHEN THE CIRCLE BROKE, IT REFORMED INTO A PYRAMID AND WHEN IT DID, IT DISEMPOWERED US ALL. Jane Middelton-Moz Boiling Point; The High Cost of Unhealthy Anger to Individuals and Society Copyright: 1990

24 GENERATIONAL TRAUMA ALCOHOL AND DRUG ADDICTED FAMILIES INSTITUTIONALIZATION SUICIDE DEATH AND/OR LOSS THAT IS NOT GRIEVED PHYSICAL ABUSE EMOTIONAL ABUSE RELOCATION CHRONIC ILLNESS SECRETS SEXUAL ABUSE DIVORCE VIOLENCE/MURDER/RAPE WAR NATURAL DISASTER FOSTER CARE/ADOPTION CULTURAL OPPRESSION RELIGIOUS FANATICISM BULLYING COMMUNITY VIOLENCE POVERTY Jane MIddelton-Moz Children of Trauma Copyright: 1989

25 ABANDONMENT AND NEGLECT SEXUAL ABUSE BULLYING 1/4 TO 1/3 OF ALL SURVIVING FRIENDS AND FAMILY OF INDIVIDUALS, WHO COMPLETED SUICIDES, ATTEMPT SUICIDE SEXUAL ORIENTATION Jane Middelton-Moz Boiling Point Copyright

27 I WOULD GET SO FRUSTRATED THAT I WOULD PUNCH WALLS. MOST OF THE TIME I JUST WANTED TO HURT SOMEONE OR SOMETHING OR END IT ALL. I WOULD PICTURE MYSELF HOLDING A GUN TO MY HEAD. WHAT DIFFERENCE WOULD IT MAKE ANYHOW. I DON T EVER CRY. I THINK THE LAST TIME I CRIED A LITTLE WAS WHEN MY DAD DIED AND I HAD TO BE TOUGH. I WAS FOUR. -Age 17

29 GENERATIONAL TRAUMA ALCOHOL AND DRUG ADDICTED FAMILIES INSTITUTIONALIZATION SUICIDE DEATH AND/OR LOSS THAT IS NOT GRIEVED PHYSICAL ABUSE EMOTIONAL ABUSE RELOCATION CHRONIC ILLNESS SECRETS SEXUAL ABUSE DIVORCE VIOLENCE/MURDER/RAPE WAR NATURAL DISASTER FOSTER CARE/ADOPTION CULTURAL OPPRESSION RELIGIOUS FANATICISM BULLYING COMMUNITY VIOLENCE POVERTY Jane MIddelton-Moz Children of Trauma Copyright: 1989

30 GRIEF: Intense feelings associated with a loss or misfortune. MOURNING: The expression of grief. GRIEF UNRESOLVED OR DELAYED GRIEF: The inability to experience and/or express grief as it occurs, leading to difficulties such as: The inability to form and/or maintain relationships; trigger responses; rage; depression; numbing; Illness; etc. Middelton-Moz, Tener, and Todd The Ultimate Guide to Transforming Anger Copyright: 2005

31 REASONS THAT GRIEF IS DELAYED Jane Middelton-Moz AMBIVALENCE IN THE RELATIONSHIP EARLIER EXPERIENCES OF UNGRIEVED LOSS UNRESOLVED TRAUMA IN CHILDHOOD OR ADULTHOOD LIFE CRISIS PRIOR TO LOSS LACK OF SOCIAL SUPPORT SECONDARY STRESSES ADDICTIONS

32 HEALING THE PAIN Middelton-Moz People like me have lived in darkness for so long that the light seems wrong. We ve known misery for so long that goodness and happiness produce overwhelming feelings of shame. Finally, after healing, I now Know joy. I now know pride. Male, age 40.

Hypervigilence Middelton-Moz The traumatized brain is compelled to train its focus away from language and verbal content, toward nonverbal danger cues body movements, facial

33 Hypervigilence Middelton-Moz The traumatized brain is compelled to train its focus away from language and verbal content, toward nonverbal danger cues body movements, facial expressions, tone of voice, searching for threat related information. This will often come across as flakiness and is often misdiagnosed as attention deficit disorder. Bruce Perry M.D.

34 Jane Middelton-Moz Children of Trauma Copyright: 1986

35 GENERATIONAL TRAUMA ALCOHOL AND DRUG ADDICTED FAMILIES INSTITUTIONALIZATION SUICIDE DEATH AND/OR LOSS THAT IS NOT GRIEVED PHYSICAL ABUSE EMOTIONAL ABUSE RELOCATION CHRONIC ILLNESS SECRETS SEXUAL ABUSE DIVORCE VIOLENCE/MURDER/RAPE WAR NATURAL DISASTER FOSTER CARE/ADOPTION CULTURAL OPPRESSION RELIGIOUS FANATICISM BULLYING COMMUNITY VIOLENCE POVERTY Jane MIddelton-Moz Children of Trauma Copyright: 1989

36 ANGER: You Are In Control of It RAGE: It Is In Control of You DEPRESSION: Feelings Caught in a Traffic Jam: Anger, Shame, Sadness, Fear, Helplessness and Vulnerability Jane MIddelton-Moz Boiling Point Copyright: 1999

UNHEALTHY ANGER Keeps us from dealing with the source of our fears. Prevents us from working through grief and loss. Keeps us from dealing with the messages that continue shame.

37 UNHEALTHY ANGER Keeps us from dealing with the source of our fears. Prevents us from working through grief and loss. Keeps us from dealing with the messages that continue shame. Keeps us from experiencing powerlessness, vulnerability and fear. Stops us from resolving conflict. Stops problem solving. Keeps us isolated. Protects us from intimacy. Jane Middelton-Moz Boiling Point Copyright: 1999

38 TRIGGERS: Experiences that engage the pain of delayed grief or trauma from the past that hasn t been resolved. *SIGHTS *SOUNDS *TOUCH *SMELLS *FEELINGS *WORDS *GESTURES *ANNIVERSARY DATES *AGES OUR CHILDREN TURN *SEASONS AND HOLIDAYS Jane Middelton-Moz Boiling Point: The Workbook Copyright: 2000

39 TRIGGER IMMEDIATE FEELINGS BODY RESPONSE partner coming jealousy/rage tense/tight home late BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE BEHAVIOR pacing/screaming at her that he knows she s been with another man when she comes in. FEELINGS BLOCKED BY inadequacy, vulnerability UNDERLYING SHAME told from an early age that he was not wanted - that he was in the way Jane MIddelton-Moz Boiling Point; The Workbook Copyright 2000

40 GENERATIONAL TRAUMA ALCOHOL AND DRUG ADDICTED FAMILIES INSTITUTIONALIZATION SUICIDE DEATH AND/OR LOSS THAT IS NOT GRIEVED PHYSICAL ABUSE EMOTIONAL ABUSE RELOCATION CHRONIC ILLNESS SECRETS SEXUAL ABUSE DIVORCE VIOLENCE/MURDER/RAPE WAR NATURAL DISASTER FOSTER CARE/ADOPTION CULTURAL OPPRESSION RELIGIOUS FANATICISM BULLYING COMMUNITY VIOLENCE POVERTY Jane MIddelton-Moz Children of Trauma Copyright: 1989

41 Shame is so intense, and generates such powerful negative feelings towards the self, that the shamed individual is unable to derive selfesteem from within. William Cloke, Ph.D Jane Middelton-Moz Shame and Guilt: Masters of Disguise Copyright: 1990

42 THE GREATEST BARRIER TO OUR OWN HEALING IS NOT THE PAIN, SORROW, OR VIOLENCE INFLICTED UPON US AS CHILDREN AND YOUTH. OUR GREATEST BARRIER IS OUR ONGOING CAPACITY TO JUDGE, CRITICIZE AND BRING HARM TO OURSELVES AND OTHERS. CHILDREN RAISED IN PAIN LEARN TO TRUST WHAT IS PAINFUL. Jane Middelton-Moz Shame and Guilt: Masters of Disguise Copyright: 1990

43 THOSE WHO ARE SHAMED CONTINUALLY SEEK THEIR WORTH EXTERNALLY, OFTEN THROUGH RELATIONSHIPS, ADDICTIONS OR COMPULSIONS UNFORTUNATELY, FINDING SELF-ESTEEM OUTSIDE THE SELF IS IMPOSSIBLE. THE FANTASY NEVER MATCHES THE REALITY. NO ONE CAN LIVE UP TO THE FANTASY IDEAL: SOMEDAY I WILL FINALLY FALL IN LOVE WITH SOMEONE OR SOMETHING THAT WILL MAKE ME FEEL GOOD ABOUT MYSELF. Jane Middelton-Moz Shame and Guilt: Masters of Disguise Copyright: 1990

44 CHARLES VAN DEN BERG DEFINES PSYCHOLOGY AS THE SCIENCE OF LONELINESS. Jane Middelton-Moz Shame and Guilt: Masters of Disguise Copyright: 1990

45 GENERATIONAL TRAUMA ALCOHOL AND DRUG ADDICTED FAMILIES INSTITUTIONALIZATION SUICIDE DEATH AND/OR LOSS THAT IS NOT GRIEVED PHYSICAL ABUSE EMOTIONAL ABUSE RELOCATION CHRONIC ILLNESS SECRETS SEXUAL ABUSE DIVORCE VIOLENCE/MURDER/RAPE WAR NATURAL DISASTER FOSTER CARE/ADOPTION CULTURAL OPPRESSION RELIGIOUS FANATICISM BULLYING COMMUNITY VIOLENCE POVERTY Jane MIddelton-Moz Children of Trauma Copyright: 1989

46 DISENGAGING OUR TRIGGERS CHANGING PATTERNS Jane MIddelton-Moz NAME IT FEEL IT OWN IT CHANGE IT

47 In order to heal the effects of cumulative trauma we need an honest mirror, providing mirroring that has been reversed.

48 HEALING VALIDATION SOMEONE THERE MODELING OF FEELINGS TIME Jane Middelton-Moz Children of Trauma 1990

49 STICKS AND STONES ARE HARD ON BONES AIMED WITH ANGRY ART WORDS CAN STING LIKE ANYTHING BUT IT S SILENCE THAT BREAKS YOUR HEART Jessie Age 13 From: Part of Me Died Too Virginia Fry Copyright: 1995

50 HEALING VALIDATION SOMEONE THERE MODELING OF FEELINGS TIME Jane Middelton-Moz Children of Trauma 1990

WHEN YOU THOUGHT I WASN T LOOKING Written by a Former Child When you thought I wasn t looking, I saw you put my first painting on the refrigerator and I immediately wanted to paint another one.

51 WHEN YOU THOUGHT I WASN T LOOKING Written by a Former Child When you thought I wasn t looking, I saw you put my first painting on the refrigerator and I immediately wanted to paint another one. When you thought I wasn t looking, I saw you feed a stray cat and I learned that it was good to be kind to animals. When you thought I wasn t looking, I saw you make my favorite cake and I learned that the little things can be the special things in life. When you thought I wasn t looking, I heard you say a prayer and I knew there is a God I could talk to and I learned to trust God. When you thought I wasn t looking, I saw you make a meal and take it to a friend who was sick and I learned that we all have to help take care of each other.

WHEN YOU THOUGHT I WASN T LOOKING When you thought I wasn t looking, I saw you give of your time and money to help people who had nothing and I learned that those who have something should give to

52 WHEN YOU THOUGHT I WASN T LOOKING When you thought I wasn t looking, I saw you give of your time and money to help people who had nothing and I learned that those who have something should give to those who don t. When you thought I wasn t looking, I saw you take care of our house and everyone in it and I learned we have to take care of what we are given. When you thought I wasn t looking, I saw how you handled responsibilities, even when you didn t feel good and I learned that I would have to be responsible when I grow up. When you thought I wasn t looking, I saw tears come from your eyes and I learned that sometime things hurt, but it s all right to cry.

53 WHEN YOU THOUGHT I WASN T LOOKING When you thought I wasn t looking, I saw that you cared and I wanted to be everything that I could be. When you thought I wasn t looking, I learned most of life s lessons that I need to know to be a good and productive person when I grow up. When you thought I wasn t looking, I looked at you and wanted to say, Thanks for all the things I saw when you thought I wasn t looking. Each of us as parents, grandparents, teachers, aunts uncles, friends influence the life of a child. How will you touch the life of someone today.

54 HEALING VALIDATION SOMEONE THERE MODELING OF FEELINGS TIME Jane Middelton-Moz Children of Trauma 1990

55 SOME EFFECTS OF UNRESOLVED TRAUMA Jane Middelton-Moz Paralyzing Anxiety The Trauma Addiction Cycle Trigger Responses Panic Attacks Addictive and Compulsive Behaviors Need to be in Control Baseline of Anger, Hurt and Fear Fear of the Ordinary Chaos Junkies The Body Cries Repetitive Relationships Counter-Dependence Vulnerability to Loss

PARALYZING ANXIETIES THAT CAN CONTROL THE LIVES OF TRAUMA SURVIVORS BEFORE HEALING FEAR OF CLOSENESS AND INTIMACY FEAR OF FEELING FEAR OF CONFLICT FEAR OF MAKING A

56 PARALYZING ANXIETIES THAT CAN CONTROL THE LIVES OF TRAUMA SURVIVORS BEFORE HEALING FEAR OF CLOSENESS AND INTIMACY FEAR OF FEELING FEAR OF CONFLICT FEAR OF MAKING A MISTAKE FEAR OF CHANGE FEAR OF AUTHORITY FEAR OF SURPRISES FEAR OF FOCUS FEAR OF DEPENDENCY AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY Jane Middelton-Moz Children of Trauma Copyright: 1986

57 SOME EFFECTS OF UNRESOLVED TRAUMA Jane Middelton-Moz The Trauma Addiction Cycle Trigger Responses Panic Attacks Addictive and Compulsive Behaviors Need to be in Control Baseline of Anger, Hurt and Fear Fear of the Ordinary Chaos Junkies The Body Cries Repetitive Relationships Counter-Dependence Vulnerability to Loss

58 COMPULSION TO REPEAT: The one who is humiliated becomes the one who humiliates. The one who is humiliated hurts and humiliates themselves. The one who is humiliated seeks out relationships where humiliation continues. Jane Middelton-Moz Talking it out and feeling it out ends acting it out. Shame and Guilt; Masters of Disguise

59 THE EFFECT OF TRAUMA ON RELATIONSHIPS Jane Middelton-Moz A DEEP LONGING FOR LOVE YET FEAR INTIMACY. FEAR OF ABANDONMENT AND ENGULFMENT. UNDERMINES COMMUNICATION SKILLS. UNHEALTHY BOUNDARIES. GO AWAY CLOSER UNHEALTHY BOUNDARIES: FUSION AND DISCONNECTION LOSS OF JOY, TRUST AND FAITH INABILITY TO ACCEPT (or give) SUPPORT

60 TRAUMA RECOVERY Jane Middelton-Moz LIVING IN BALANCE IN CONTROL OF ANGER RATHER THAN IT BEING IN CONTROL OF YOU REACHING OUT WHEN TRIGGERED ACCEPTANCE OF LOSS; HEALTHY GRIEVING SPONTANEITY LIVING WITHOUT CHAOS ADDICTION FREE LIVING EMPOWERING SELF AND OTHERS ACCEPTANCE OF FEARS AND NEEDS HONESTY WITHOUT JUDGEMENT CONNECTION AND INTIMACY FRIENDS NOT CASELOADS SHOWING UP LIVING IN THE PRESENT FORGIVENESS

61 THE WILL TO SURVIVE WHEN THE WINTER IS SEVERE, THE PINE TREES IN THIS ANCIENT LAND STAY GREEN THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. IS IT BECAUSE THE EARTH IS WARM AND FRIENDLY? NO, IT IS BECAUSE THE PINE TREE HAS WITHIN ITSELF A LIFE RESTORING POWER Ancient Chinese Proverb

62 RESILIENCY MEANS ONE HAS A POWERFUL SPIRIT. IT IS THE STRENGTH THAT A CHILD/ADULT/ CULTURE REQUIRES TO MASTER TRAUMA. Jane Middelton-Moz The Will to Survive: 1992

63 SURVIVORS, FAR FROM DEFEATED BY THE TRAUMA OF ABUSE, HAVE A STRONG AND RESILIENT NATURE: CONTINUALLY SEEKING HEALTH COMPASSION HUMAN DOINGS SPIRITUALITY PAIN INTO ACTION CREATIVITY TENACITY DETERMINATION

64 Jane Middelton-Moz THE WORLD BREAKS ALL OF US, AND AFTERWARD, MANY ARE MUCH STRONGER IN THOSE BROKEN PLACES. - Hemingway

65 ACKNOWLEDGES LIFE TRANSITIONS MARKS RITES OF PASSAGE ALLOWS THE EXPRESSION OF STRONG EMOTIONS: (grief,( joy, anger, pride, gratitude, sadness) HELP US FEEL LESS ALONE STRENGTHEN A SENSE OF COMMUNITY REINFORCE THE CIRCLE RATHER THAN THE PYRAMID Middelton-Moz, Tener, and Todd The Ultimate Guide to Transforming Anger Copyright: 2004

66 We Were Born to Live We Were Born to Love

Grief After Suicide. Grief After Suicide. Things to Know about Suicide

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