Introduction to Human Body Systems

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1 The Human Organism: Introduction to Human Body Systems By Deanne Erdmann, MS

2 Levels of Organization in the Body Cells Tissues Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous Organs Examples include stomach, liver, heart Organ Systems Examples include digestive and circulatory systems

3 Tissues in the Human Body Epithelial Covering or lining tissue Connective Joins, stores and supports Muscle Internal and external movement Nerve Conducts electrical signals Blood Muscle Nerve

4 Human Organ Systems Skeletal Muscular Circulatory Immune Respiratory Excretory Reproductive Nervous Endocrine Integumentary Digestive

5 Human Skeletal System Functions Framework and support Protection Storage Axial and appendicular skeleton Bone structure Joints and ligaments

6 Human Skeleton Diagram Skull Phalanges Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Phalanges Clavicle Sternum Ribs Pelvis Femur Patella Tibia

7 Compact Bone Tissue Haversian system Blood vessels Osteocyte

8 Human Muscular System Functions Movement Warmth Posture Muscle Properties Ability to contract Ability to be stretched Ability to respond to a stimulus Muscle Types Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

9 Human Muscular System Diagram Deltoid Pectoralis major Biceps brachi Gluteus maximus Rectus femoris Gastrocnemius

10 Three Types of Human Muscle Tissue Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

11 Skeletal Muscle Contraction Myosin Actin Sarcomere

12 Human Circulatory System Transports nutrients, gases, wastes, water, and hormones and also distributes heat Structures of circulatory system Heart Vessels Blood Lymphatic system Erythrocytes White blood cells

13 Diagram of Human Heart Aorta Superior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid Valve Pulmonary artery Left atrium Mitral Valve Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Anterior view

14 Human Respiratory System Respiration is gas exchange between an organism and the environment Respiratory structures include the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli Mechanics of Breathing Respiratory Diseases Exhalation Inhalation

15 Human Respiratory System Diagram Nasal Passage Larynx Pharynx Trachea Bronchioles Bronchus Alveoli

16 Human Digestive System Digestion is the breakdown of nutrients to a level that can be used by cells of the body. Structures GI tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine) Accessory (teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas) Nutrition

17 Human Digestive System Diagram Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Liver Stomach Large Intestine Villi Small Intestine

18 Human Excretory System Excretion is the removal of metabolic wastes from the body, including toxic chemicals, excess water, carbon dioxide and salts. Excretory Organs Skin Lungs Kidneys

19 Human Urinary System Diagram Nephron Kidney Ureter Kidney Urinary Bladder Urethra

20 Human Endocrine System The endocrine system consists of ductless glands that produce hormones. Hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovary, testes Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the blood stream and affect activities throughout the body. Steroid hormones Nonsteroid hormones

21 Human Endocrine System Diagram Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland Thymus Thyroid and Parathyroid glands Adrenal gland Pancreas Ovary Testis

22 Human Nervous System Controls and coordinates functions throughout the body Neurons are specialized cells that transmit impulses throughout the body. Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Autonomic

23 Human Neuron Diagram Dendrite Cell body Axon Myelin sheath Node of Ranvier Axon terminals

24 Diagram of Human Brain Cerebrum Thalamus Hypothalamus Corpus callosum Midbrain Pons Cerebellum Medulla oblongata Spinal cord

25 Human Integumentary System Consists of the skin, hair, and nails Skin Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous tissue Hair and nails

26 Thank You This concludes a brief review of the human body systems. You may find additional information on this section in the expanded content talks, and in the notes attached to each slide in the library.

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