11/8/2017. Urinary System Functions. Organs and Vessels of the Urinary System Hepatic veins (cut)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "11/8/2017. Urinary System Functions. Organs and Vessels of the Urinary System Hepatic veins (cut)"

Transcription

1 Urinary System Functions Major excretory pathway for wastes transported by blood Filtration, secretion, and reabsorption by the kidney s microscopic tubules Includes wastes from metabolism, excess water and excess solutes Collection, transport, exit of urine product of kidney s function Responsive to condition Urine release controlled by reflex actions Organs and Vessels of the Urinary System Hepatic veins (cut) Esophagus (cut) Inferior vena cava Adrenal gland Aorta Renal artery Renal hilum Renal vein Iliac crest Kidney Ureter - peristalsis Rectum (cut) Uterus (part of female reproductive system) Urinary bladder Urethra Figure 25.3a Position of the kidneys against the posterior body wall. Peritoneum Renal vein Renal artery Body of vertebra L 2 Body wall Three layers of supportive tissue surround kidney Renal fascia outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue Perirenal fat capsule Fatty cushion Fibrous capsule Transparent capsule Anterior Inferior vena cava Aorta Peritoneal cavity (organs removed) Posterior Supportive tissue layers Renal fascia anterior posterior Perirenal fat capsule Fibrous capsule 1

2 Figure 25.2 Dissection of urinary system organs (male). Kidney Renal artery Renal hilum Renal vein Ureter Urinary bladder Kidney Function Maintain the body s internal environment by: Regulating total water volume and total solute concentration in water Regulating ion concentrations in ECF Ensuring long-term acid-base balance Excreting metabolic wastes, toxins, drugs Producing erythropoietin (EPO) and renin Activating vitamin D Carrying out gluconeogenesis, if needed Figure 25.4 Internal anatomy of the kidney. Renal hilum Blood flow critical 25% of each ejection enters kidney vessels. Kidneys monitor and facilitate Favorable BP Oxygen carrying ability Renal cortex Renal Major calyx Papilla of pyramid Renal pelvis Minor calyx Ureter Renal pyramid in renal Renal column Fibrous capsule Photograph of right kidney, frontal section Diagrammatic view 2

3 Figure 25.5a Blood vessels of the kidney. Cortical radiate vein Cortical radiate artery Arcuate vein Arcuate artery Interlobar vein Interlobar artery Segmental arteries Renal vein Cortical radiate arteries supply the glomerulus location of blood filtration Glomeruli and portions of nephrons are located in the renal cortex Renal artery Renal pelvis Ureter Renal About 8 lobes (pyramid & surrounding cortex) per kidney 11 cm x 6 cm x 3 cm 150 g / 5 oz Renal cortex Frontal section illustrating major blood vessels Physiology of Kidney Typical human: 180 L of fluid processed daily, but only 1.5 L of urine is formed Kidneys filter body s entire plasma volume 60 times each day Consume 20 25% of oxygen used by body at rest Filtrate is basically blood plasma minus proteins Urine is produced from filtrate Urine <1% of original filtrate Contains metabolic wastes and unneeded substances Nephrons and Nephron Structure Nephrons are the structural and functional units that form urine > 1 million per kidney Two main parts Renal corpuscle Glomerulus tuft of capillaries Glomerular (or Bowman s) capsule Renal tubule Including tubules, loop, and duct Collecting ducts in the thousands to drain nephrons 3

4 Histology of corpuscle and nearby tubules 11/8/2017 Figure 25.6 Location and structure of nephrons. Renal cortex Renal Renal pelvis Glomerular capsule: parietal layer Ureter Basement membrane Kidney Renal corpuscle Glomerular capsule Glomerulus Proximal convoluted tubule Cortex Distal convoluted tubule Podocyte Fenestrated endothelium of the glomerulus Glomerular capsule: visceral layer Apical microvilli Mitochondria Highly infolded basolateral membrane Proximal convoluted tubule cells Apical side Medulla Thick segment Thin segment Nephron loop Descending limb Ascending limb Collecting duct Basolateral side Distal convoluted tubule cells Nephron loop (thin-segment) cells Principal cell Intercalated cell Terminates at renal papilla Collecting duct cells Renal corpuscle Squamous epithelium of parietal layer of glomerular capsule Glomerular capsular space Glomerulus Proximal convoluted tubule (fuzzy lumen due to long microvilli) Distal convoluted tubule (clear lumen) Figure 25.12a The filtration membrane. Efferent Glomerular capsular space Filtration Membrane: Fenestrated capillaries Visceral layer glomerular capsule with filtration slits Produce solute rich, virtually protein free filtrate Afferent Glomerular capillary covered by podocytes that form the visceral layer of glomerular capsule Proximal convoluted tubule Parietal layer of glomerular capsule 4

5 Figure 25.12b The filtration membrane. Cytoplasmic extensions of podocytes Filtration slits Podocyte cell body Fenestrations (pores) Glomerular capillary endothelium (podocyte covering and basement membrane removed) Foot processes of podocyte Glomerular capillary surrounded by podocytes Figure 25.12d The filtration membrane. Capillary Plasma Filtration membrane Capillary endothelium Basement membrane Foot processes of podocyte of glomerular capsule Filtrate in capsular space Allows molecules smaller than 3 nm to pass: Water, glucose, amino acids, nitrogenous wastes, most solutes Normally no cells can pass Filtration slit Slit diaphragm Fenestration (pore) Plasma proteins remain to maintain colloid osmotic pressure Prevents loss of all water to capsular space Proteins in filtrate indicate membrane problem Foot processes of podocyte Three layers of the filtration membrane Figure Juxtaglomerular complex (JGC) of a nephron. Glomerular capsule Efferent Glomerulus Filtration Membrane: Fenestrated capillaries Visceral layer glomerular capsule with filtration slits Produce solute rich, virtually protein free filtrate Parietal layer of glomerular capsule Foot processes of podocytes Podocyte cell body (visceral layer) Afferent Efferent Capsular space Red blood cell Proximal tubule cell Juxtaglomerular complex Macula densa cells of the ascending limb of nephron loop Extraglomerular mesangial cells Granular cells Lumens of glomerular capillaries Afferent Endothelial cell of glomerular capillary Blood pressure in glomerulus high because: Afferent s are larger in Juxtaglomerular complex diameter than efferent s Arterioles are high-resistance vessels Glomerular mesangial cells Renal corpuscle 5

6 Composition of plasma, filtrate, and urine - general values only Source: Figure 25.9 Blood vessels of the renal cortex. Peritubular capillary bed Afferent Glomerulus Efferent Renal Tubules and Collecting Duct Renal tubule is about 3 cm (1.2 in.) long Consists of single layer of epithelial cells in 3 major parts 1. Proximal convoluted tubule (closest to renal corpuscle) Cuboidal cells with dense microvilli that form brush border, confined to cortex high surface area to interact with filtrate large mitochondria to support active transport functions Functions in reabsorption and secretion 2. Nephron loop formerly loop of Henle thick and thin limbs 3. Distal convoluted tubule Distal, farthest from renal corpuscle, confined to cortex Cuboidal cells with very few microvilli Function more in secretion than reabsorption drains into collecting duct 6

7 Cortical nephron Make up 85% of nephrons Short nephron loop Glomerulus further from the cortex junction Efferent supplies peritubular capillaries Almost entirely in cortex Glomerulus (capillaries) Renal corpuscle Glomerular capsule Proximal convoluted tubule Peritubular capillaries Efferent Cortical radiate vein Cortical radiate artery Afferent Collecting duct Distal convoluted tubule Afferent Efferent Juxtary nephron Long nephron loop Glomerulus closer to the cortex- junction Efferent supplies vasa recta Long nephron loops deeply invade Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments Important in production of concentrated urine Peritubular capillaries and vasa recta Ascending limb of nephron loop Cortex- junction Kidney Arcuate vein Arcuate artery Vasa recta Nephron loop Descending limb of nephron loop Cuboidal or columnar Thin sections - Simple squamous Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct (cont.) Collecting ducts Cells lining ducts participate in fine-tuning of water, sodium ion, and acid-base balance between blood and urine Receive filtrate from many nephrons Run through ry pyramids Give pyramids their striped appearance Ducts fuse together to deliver urine through papillae into minor calyces Nephron Capillary Beds Renal tubules are associated with two capillary beds Glomerulus Peritubular capillaries Low-pressure, porous capillaries adapted for absorption of water and solutes Arise from efferent s Cling to adjacent renal tubules in cortex Empty into venules Juxtary nephrons are associated with Vasa recta Long, thin-walled vessels parallel to long nephron loops of juxtary nephrons Arise from efferent s serving juxtary nephrons Instead of peritubular capillaries Function in formation of concentrated urine 7

8 Juxtaglomerular Complex (JGC) Each nephron has one Modified portions of distal portion of ascending limb of nephron loop and Afferent Regulates rate of filtrate formation and blood pressure Three cell populations are seen in JGC: 1. Ascending limb macula densa contains chemoreceptors that sense NaCl content of filtrate 2. Granular cells (or JG cells) act as mechanoreceptors to sense blood pressure in afferent Enlarged, smooth muscle cells of Contain secretory granules that contain enzyme renin 3. Extraglomerular mesangial cells may be autoregulatory smooth muscle cells, may also contribute to renin secretion and perhaps EPO Steps in Urine Production Three processes are involved in urine formation and adjustment of blood composition: 1. Glomerular filtration: produces cell- and (mostly) protein-free filtrate 2. Tubular reabsorption: selectively returns 99% of substances from filtrate to blood in renal tubules and collecting ducts 3. Tubular secretion: selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal tubules and collecting ducts Figure The three major renal processes. Afferent Glomerular capillaries Cortical radiate artery 1 Efferent Glomerular capsule Renal tubule and collecting duct containing filtrate 2 Peritubular capillary Three major renal processes: Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion 3 Urine To cortical radiate vein 8

9 Urine Production Step 1: Glomerular Filtration Glomerular filtration is a passive process No metabolic energy required Hydrostatic pressure forces fluids and solutes through filtration membrane into glomerular capsule Control over systemic blood pressure very important to this process - necessitates kidney s role in BP control Pressures That Affect Filtration Outward pressures promote filtrate formation Hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries (HP gc ) Essentially glomerular blood pressure 55 mm Hg compared to ~ 26 mm Hg seen in most capillary beds Efferent high-resistance vessel diameter smaller than afferent Inward Pressures inhibit filtrate formation: Hydrostatic pressure in capsular space (HP cs ) 15 mm Hg capsule filtrate back pressure Colloid osmotic pressure in capillaries (OP gc ): pull of proteins in blood; 30 mm Hg Net filtration pressure (NFP): sum of forces 55 mm Hg forcing out minus 45 mm Hg opposing = net outward force of 10 mm Hg Pressure responsible for filtrate formation Main controllable factor determining glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Figure Forces determining net filtration pressure (NFP). Glomerular capsule Efferent HP gc = 55 mm Hg OP gc = 30 mm Hg Afferent HP cs = 15 mm Hg NFP = Net filtration pressure = outward pressures inward pressures = (HP gc ) (HP cs + OP gc ) = (55) ( ) = 10 mm Hg Normal Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) = ml/min Dependent on glomerular hydrostatic pressure and surface area for filtration 9

10 Step 2: Tubular Reabsorption Tubular reabsorption quickly reclaims most of tubular contents and returns them to blood Whole volume of plasma enters proximal convoluted tubule every 22 minutes Selective transepithelial process Almost all organic nutrients are reabsorbed Like glucose and amino acids Water and ion reabsorption is hormonally regulated and adjusted Peritubular capillaries nearby to accept diffusing/facilitated substances Contain blood that just left the glomerulus Includes active and passive tubular reabsorption Primary and secondary active transport Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis Transcellular and paracellular routes of tubular reabsorption. Filtrate in tubule lumen Tubule cell Tight junction Interstitial fluid Lateral intercellular space Peritubular capillary The transcellular route involves: 1 Transport across the apical membrane. 2 Diffusion through the cytosol Transport across the basolateral membrane. and solutes Transcellular route 4 Apical membrane and solutes Capillary endothelial cell Paracellular route Basolateral membranes 4 Movement through the interstitial fluid and into the capillary. The paracellular route involves: Movement through leaky tight junctions, particularly in the proximal convoluted tubule. Movement through the interstitial fluid and into the capillary. Reabsorption by PCT cells Filtrate in tubule lumen Nucleus Tubule cell Interstitial fluid Peritubular capillary 1 At the basolateral membrane, Na + is pumped into the interstitial space by the Na + -K + ATPase. Active Na + transport creates concentration gradients that drive: Na Na + 2K + 1 3Na + 2K + 2 Downhill Na + entry at the apical membrane. 3 Reabsorption of organic nutrients and certain ions by cotransport at the apical membrane. Glucose Amino acids Some ions Vitamins Lipid-soluble substances Various ions and urea Tight junction K + Paracellular route 4 Reabsorption of water by osmosis through aquaporins. Water reabsorption increases the concentration of the solutes that are left behind. These solutes can then be reabsorbed as they move down their gradients: 5 Lipid-soluble substances diffuse by the transcellular route. 6 Various ions (e.g., Cl, Ca 2+, K + ) and urea diffuse by the paracellular route. Primary active transport Secondary active transport Passive transport (diffusion) Transport protein Ion channel Aquaporin 10

11 Tubular Reabsorption of Nutrients, Water, and Ions Passive tubular reabsorption of water Movement of Na + and other solutes creates osmotic gradient for water Water is reabsorbed by osmosis, aided by membrane pores called aquaporins Obligatory water reabsorption Aquaporins are always present in PCT Facultative water reabsorption Aquaporins are inserted in collecting ducts only if ADH is present Passive tubular reabsorption of solutes Solute concentration in filtrate increases as water is reabsorbed Creates concentration gradients for solutes, which drive their entry into tubule cell and peritubular capillaries Transport Maximum Transcellular transport systems are specific and limited Transport maximum (T m ) exists for almost every reabsorbed substance Reflects number of carriers in renal tubules that are available When carriers for a solute are saturated, excess is excreted in urine Example: hyperglycemia leads to high blood glucose levels that exceed T m, and glucose spills over into urine Hormonal Control Over Reabsorption Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) posterior pituitary gland Causes principal cells of collecting ducts to insert aquaporins in apical membranes, increasing water reabsorption Aldosterone Targets collecting ducts and distal DCT Promotes synthesis of apical Na + and K + channels, and basolateral Na + -K + pumps for Na + reabsorption As a result, most Na + reabsorbed (and water follows) Atrial natriuretic peptide Reduces blood Na +, resulting in decreased blood volume (water remains in filtrate with Na + ) and blood pressure Inhibits Na + reabsorption from collecting ducts Released by cardiac atrial cells if blood volume or pressure elevated 11

12 Summary of tubular reabsorption and secretion. 11/8/2017 Step 3: Tubular Secretion Occurs mostly in PCT with fine-tuning in DCT and collecting duct Selected substances are moved from peritubular capillaries through tubule cells out into filtrate K +, H +, NH 4+, creatinine, organic acids and bases Substances synthesized in tubule cells also are secreted (example: HCO 3 ) Important for: Disposing of substances, such as drugs or metabolites Eliminating undesirable substances that were passively reabsorbed (example: urea and uric acid) Ridding body of excess K + (aldosterone effect) Controlling blood ph by altering amounts of H + or HCO 3 in urine Cortex No stimulus needed - automatic 65% of filtrate volume reabsorbed Na +, HCO 3, and many other ions all glucose, amino acids, and other nutrients Regulated reabsorption Na + (by aldosterone; Cl follows) Ca 2+ (by parathyroid hormone) H + and NH + 4 Some drugs Regulated secretion K + (by aldosterone) Na +, K +, Cl No water can leave the ascending limb Outer No solutes can leave the descending limb Inner Regulated reabsorption (by ADH) Na + (by aldosterone; Cl follows) Urea (increased by ADH) Urea Regulated secretion K + (by aldosterone) Reabsorption Secretion Reabsorption or secretion to maintain blood ph described in Chapter 26; involves H +, HCO 3, and NH + 4 Regulation of Urine Concentration and Volume Kidneys make adjustments needed to maintain body fluid osmotic concentration at around mosm Same as plasma Limits osmosis between cells and fluids = balance, no cells swell or shrink osmolality is a measure of the osmoles (Osm) of solute per kilogram of solvent (osmol/kg or Osm/kg) osmolarity is defined as the number of osmoles of solute per liter (L) of solution (osmol/l or Osm/L) Body fluids have much smaller amounts, so expressed in milliosmoles (mosm) = osmol 1 mole NaCl/l = 2 osmoles NaCl/l Urine volume and concentration vary based on Your hydration status: drinking, sweating Small amount of concentrated urine if the body is dehydrated Large amount of dilute urine if overhydrated 12

13 Osmolality of interstitial fluid (mosm) 11/8/2017 Regulation of Urine Concentration and Volume Accomplish this by using countercurrent mechanism Fluid flows in opposite directions in two adjacent segments of same tube Countercurrent mechanisms work together to: Establish and maintain ry osmotic gradient from renal cortex through Gradient runs from mosm in cortex to mosm at bottom of Countercurrent multiplier creates gradient Countercurrent exchanger preserves gradient Collecting ducts can then use gradient to vary urine concentration Juxtary nephrons create an osmotic gradient within the renal that allows the kidney to produce urine of varying concentration. The osmotic gradient: The osmolality (solute concentration) of the ry interstitial fluid progressively increases from the mosm of normal body fluid to mosm at the deepest part of the. Lower concentration of solutes Higher concentration of solutes The long nephron loops of juxtary nephrons create the gradient. They act as countercurrent multipliers. The big picture: Three key players interact with the ry osmotic gradient. The vasa recta preserve the gradient. They act as countercurrent exchangers (see Figure 25.18). The collecting ducts of all nephrons use the gradient to adjust urine osmolality (see Figure 25.19). Long nephron loops of juxtary nephrons create the gradient. The countercurrent multiplier depends on three properties of the nephron loop to establish the osmotic gradient. These properties establish a positive feedback cycle that uses the flow of fluid to multiply the power of the salt pumps. Filtrate flows in the opposite direction (countercurrent) through two adjacent parallel sections of a nephron loop. Water leaves the descending limb Interstitial fluid osmolality The descending limb is permeable to water, but not to salt. The ascending limb is impermeable to Osmolality of filtrate water, and pumps in descending limb out salt. Start here Salt is pumped out of the ascending limb Active transport Passive transport Water impermeable Osmolality of filtrate entering the ascending limb As water and solutes are reabsorbed, the loop first concentrates the filtrate, then dilutes it. Cortex 1 Filtrate entering the nephron loop is isosmotic to both blood plasma and cortical interstitial fluid. Outer 2 Water moves out of the filtrate in the descending limb down its osmotic gradient. This concentrates the filtrate Filtrate is at its most dilute as it leaves the nephron loop. At 100 mosm, it is hypoosmotic to the interstitial fluid. 4 Na + and Cl are pumped out of the filtrate. This increases the interstitial fluid osmolality. Inner Nephron loop 3 Filtrate reaches its highest concentration at the bend of the loop. 13

14 Osmolality of interstitial fluid (mosm) 11/8/2017 Vasa recta preserve the gradient. The vasa recta are highly permeable to water and solutes. Countercurrent exchanges occur between each section of the vasa recta and its surrounding fluid. As a result: The blood within the vasa recta remains nearly isosmotic to the surrounding fluid. The vasa recta are able to reabsorb water and solutes into the general circulation without undoing the osmotic gradient created by the countercurrent multiplier. Blood from efferent To vein 325 The countercurrent flow of fluid moves through two adjacent parallel sections of vasa recta. Vasa recta Formation of Dilute or Concentrated Urine Established ry osmotic gradient can now be used to form dilute or concentrated urine Without gradient, would not be able to raise urine concentration > mosm to conserve water Overhydration produces large volume of dilute urine ADH production decreases; urine ~100 mosm If aldosterone present, additional ions can be removed, causing water to dilute to ~50 mosm Dehydration produces small volume of concentrated urine Maximal ADH is released; urine ~ mosm Severe dehydration: 99% water reabsorbed If we were so overhydrated we had no ADH... Osmolality of extracellular fluids ADH release from posterior pituitary Number of aquaporins ( channels) in collecting duct reabsorption from collecting duct Large volume of dilute urine Collecting duct Descending limb of nephron loop 100 DCT 100 Cortex 100 Outer Urea Inner 100 Active transport Passive transport Large volume of dilute urine 14

15 Osmolality of interstitial fluid (mosm) 11/8/2017 If we were so dehydrated we had maximal ADH... Osmolality of extracellular fluids ADH release from posterior pituitary Number of aquaporins ( channels) in collecting duct reabsorption from collecting duct Small volume of concentrated urine Collecting duct Descending limb of nephron loop 100 DCT 150 Cortex 100 Outer Urea 700 Urea Inner Small volume of Urea contributes to the concentrated urine osmotic gradient. ADH increases its recycling. Urine Chemical composition 95% water and 5% solutes Nitrogenous wastes Urea (from amino acid breakdown): largest solute component Uric acid (from nucleic acid metabolism) Creatinine (metabolite of creatine phosphate) Other normal solutes found in urine Na +, K +, PO 4 3, and SO 4 2, Ca 2+, Mg 2+ and HCO 3 Abnormally high concentrations of any constituent, or abnormal components may indicate pathology ph Urine is slightly acidic (~ph 6, with range of 4.5 to 8.0) Peritoneum Structure of the urinary bladder and urethra Ureter Rugae Detrusor Adventitia Ureteric orifices Trigone of bladder Bladder neck Internal urethral sphincter Prostate Prostatic urethra Intermediate part of the urethra External urethral sphincter Urogenital diaphragm Spongy urethra Erectile tissue of penis External urethral orifice Male. The long male urethra has three regions: prostatic, intermediate, and spongy. 15

16 Peritoneum Ureter Rugae Detrusor Structure of the urinary bladder and urethra. Ureteric orifices Bladder neck Internal urethral sphincter Trigone External urethral sphincter Urogenital diaphragm Female. Urethra External urethral orifice Urinary Bladder (cont.) Urine storage capacity Collapses when empty Rugae appear Expands and rises superiorly during filling without significant rise in internal pressure Moderately full bladder is ~12 cm long (5 in.) and can hold ~ 500 ml (1 pint) Micturition, also called urination or voiding Three simultaneous events must occur 1. Contraction of detrusor by ANS 2. Opening of internal urethral sphincter by ANS 3. Opening of external urethral sphincter by somatic nervous system 16

10/31/2018. Urinary System Functions. Organs and Vessels of the Urinary System Hepatic veins (cut)

10/31/2018. Urinary System Functions. Organs and Vessels of the Urinary System Hepatic veins (cut) Urinary System Functions Major excretory pathway for wastes transported by blood Filtration, secretion, and reabsorption by the kidney s microscopic tubules Includes wastes from metabolism, excess water

More information

Kidney Functions Removal of toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions from the blood Regulation of blood volume, chemical composition, and ph

Kidney Functions Removal of toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions from the blood Regulation of blood volume, chemical composition, and ph The Urinary System Urinary System Organs Kidneys are major excretory organs Urinary bladder is the temporary storage reservoir for urine Ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder Urethra

More information

Urinary bladder provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine

Urinary bladder provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine Urinary System Organs Kidney Filters blood, allowing toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions to leave the body in urine Urinary bladder provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine Paired ureters

More information

Urinary System Review Questions:

Urinary System Review Questions: Urinary System Review Questions: 1. This system would be lined with what type of membrane? 2. What type of epithelial tissue would line the opening of the urethra (the exit of the tract)? 3. What type

More information

Waste. Urinary System Anatomy Urinary Section pages 5-8. Urinary System. Urinary System. Nitrogenous Wastes. Nitrogenous Wastes 4/22/2016

Waste. Urinary System Anatomy Urinary Section pages 5-8. Urinary System. Urinary System. Nitrogenous Wastes. Nitrogenous Wastes 4/22/2016 Waste Urinary System Anatomy Urinary Section pages 5-8 Metabolism produces waste products What is the primary waste product of cellular respiration? How does the body dispose of it? Urinary System Urinary

More information

Figure 26.1 An Introduction to the Urinary System

Figure 26.1 An Introduction to the Urinary System Chapter 26 Figure 26.1 An Introduction to the Urinary System Components of the Urinary System Kidney Produces urine Ureter Transports urine toward the urinary bladder Urinary Bladder Temporarily stores

More information

Chapter 25: Urinary System

Chapter 25: Urinary System Chapter 25: Urinary System I. Kidney anatomy: retroperitoneal from 12 th thoracic to 3 rd lumbar area A. External anatomy: hilus is the indentation 1. Adrenal gland: in the fat at the superior end of each

More information

Chapter 25 The Urinary System

Chapter 25 The Urinary System Chapter 25 The Urinary System 10/30/2013 MDufilho 1 Kidney Functions Removal of toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions from the blood Regulation of blood volume, chemical composition, and ph Gluconeogenesis

More information

Lab Activity 31. Anatomy of the Urinary System. Portland Community College BI 233

Lab Activity 31. Anatomy of the Urinary System. Portland Community College BI 233 Lab Activity 31 Anatomy of the Urinary System Portland Community College BI 233 Urinary System Organs Kidneys Urinary bladder: provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine Paired ureters: transport

More information

Human Urogenital System 26-1

Human Urogenital System 26-1 Human Urogenital System 26-1 Urogenital System Functions Filtering of blood, Removal of wastes and metabolites Regulation of blood volume and composition concentration of blood solutes ph of extracellular

More information

Urinary System Organization. Urinary System Organization. The Kidneys. The Components of the Urinary System

Urinary System Organization. Urinary System Organization. The Kidneys. The Components of the Urinary System Urinary System Organization The Golden Rule: The Job of The Urinary System is to Maintain the Composition and Volume of ECF remember this & all else will fall in place! Functions of the Urinary System

More information

Urine Formation. Urinary Physiology Urinary Section pages Urine Formation. Glomerular Filtration 4/24/2016

Urine Formation. Urinary Physiology Urinary Section pages Urine Formation. Glomerular Filtration 4/24/2016 Urine Formation Urinary Physiology Urinary Section pages 9-17 Filtrate Blood plasma minus most proteins Urine

More information

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Urinary System

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Urinary System Urinary System What are the organs that comprise the urinary system? Urinary System Organs Kidneys Urinary bladder Ureters Urethra Hepatic veins (cut) Esophagus (cut) Inferior vena cava Adrenal gland Aorta

More information

BIOL2030 Human A & P II -- Exam 6

BIOL2030 Human A & P II -- Exam 6 BIOL2030 Human A & P II -- Exam 6 Name: 1. The kidney functions in A. preventing blood loss. C. synthesis of vitamin E. E. making ADH. B. white blood cell production. D. excretion of metabolic wastes.

More information

The Urinary System Pearson Education, Inc.

The Urinary System Pearson Education, Inc. 26 The Urinary System Introduction The urinary system does more than just get rid of liquid waste. It also: Regulates plasma ion concentrations Regulates blood volume and blood pressure Stabilizes blood

More information

2) This is a Point and Click question. You must click on the required structure.

2) This is a Point and Click question. You must click on the required structure. Class: A&P2-1 Description: Test: Excretory Test Points: 144 Test Number: 28379 Printed: 31-March-10 12:03 1) This is a Point and Click question. You must click on the required structure. Click on the Bowman's

More information

describe the location of the kidneys relative to the vertebral column:

describe the location of the kidneys relative to the vertebral column: Basic A & P II Dr. L. Bacha Chapter Outline (Martini & Nath 2010) list the three major functions of the urinary system: by examining Fig. 24-1, list the organs of the urinary system: describe the location

More information

CHAPTER 25 URINARY. Urinary system. Kidneys 2 Ureters 2 Urinary Bladder 1 Urethra 1. functions

CHAPTER 25 URINARY. Urinary system. Kidneys 2 Ureters 2 Urinary Bladder 1 Urethra 1. functions CHAPTER 25 URINARY Kidneys 2 Ureters 2 Urinary Bladder 1 Urethra 1 fluid waste elimination secretion of wastes control blood volume and BP control blood ph electrolyte levels RBC levels hormone production

More information

Urinary Physiology. Chapter 17 Outline. Kidney Function. Chapter 17

Urinary Physiology. Chapter 17 Outline. Kidney Function. Chapter 17 Urinary Physiology Chapter 17 Chapter 17 Outline Structure and Function of the Kidney Glomerular Filtration Reabsorption of Salt and Water Renal Plasma Clearance Renal Control of Electrolyte and Acid-Base

More information

Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Dr. Nabil Khouri

Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Dr. Nabil Khouri Dr. Nabil Khouri Objectives: General objectives: - to identify the kidney s structures, function and location - to analyze the relationship between microscopic structure and function Specific objectives:

More information

Chapter 26. The Urinary System. Lecture Presentation by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 26. The Urinary System. Lecture Presentation by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 26 The Urinary System Lecture Presentation by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College Introduction The urinary system does more than just get rid of liquid waste. It also: Regulates plasma ion

More information

Vertebrates possess kidneys: internal organs which are vital to ion and water balance and excretion.

Vertebrates possess kidneys: internal organs which are vital to ion and water balance and excretion. The Kidney Vertebrates possess kidneys: internal organs which are vital to ion and water balance and excretion. The kidney has 6 roles in the maintenance of homeostasis. 6 Main Functions 1. Ion Balance

More information

Body fluid volume is small (~5L (blood + serum)) Composition can change rapidly e.g. due to increase in metabolic rate

Body fluid volume is small (~5L (blood + serum)) Composition can change rapidly e.g. due to increase in metabolic rate Renal physiology The kidneys Allow us to live on dry land. Body fluid volume is small (~5L (blood + serum)) Composition can change rapidly e.g. due to increase in metabolic rate Kidneys maintain composition

More information

organs of the urinary system

organs of the urinary system organs of the urinary system Kidneys (2) bean-shaped, fist-sized organ where urine is formed. Lie on either sides of the vertebral column, in a depression beneath peritoneum and protected by lower ribs

More information

BCH 450 Biochemistry of Specialized Tissues

BCH 450 Biochemistry of Specialized Tissues BCH 450 Biochemistry of Specialized Tissues VII. Renal Structure, Function & Regulation Kidney Function 1. Regulate Extracellular fluid (ECF) (plasma and interstitial fluid) through formation of urine.

More information

BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.44 - OSMOREGULATION AND EXCRETION.

BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.44 - OSMOREGULATION AND EXCRETION. !! www.clutchprep.com Osmoregulation regulation of solute balance and water loss to maintain homeostasis of water content Excretion process of eliminating waste from the body, like nitrogenous waste Kidney

More information

Urinary system. Urinary system

Urinary system. Urinary system INTRODUCTION. Several organs system Produce urine and excrete it from the body Maintenance of homeostasis. Components. two kidneys, produce urine; two ureters, carry urine to single urinary bladder for

More information

The functions of the kidney:

The functions of the kidney: The functions of the kidney: After reading this lecture you should be able to.. 1. List the main functions of the kidney. 2. Know the basic physiological anatomy of the kidney and the nephron 3. Describe

More information

Urinary System and Excretion. Bio105 Lecture 20 Chapter 16

Urinary System and Excretion. Bio105 Lecture 20 Chapter 16 Urinary System and Excretion Bio105 Lecture 20 Chapter 16 1 Outline Urinary System I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system A. Kidneys 1. Function 2. Structure III. Disorders of the urinary system

More information

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System. Chapter 50

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System. Chapter 50 Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System Chapter 50 Challenge Questions Indicate the areas of the nephron that the following hormones target, and describe when and how the hormones elicit their actions.

More information

Urinary System kidneys, ureters, bladder & urethra

Urinary System kidneys, ureters, bladder & urethra Urinary System kidneys, ureters, bladder & urethra Kidney Function Filters blood removes waste products conserves salts, glucose, proteins, nutrients and water Produces urine Endocrine functions regulates

More information

General Anatomy of Urinary System

General Anatomy of Urinary System General Anatomy of Urinary System URINARY SYSTEM ORGANS Kidneys (2) Ureters (2) Urinary bladder Urethra KIDNEY FUNCTIONS Control blood volume and composition KIDNEY FUNCTIONS Filter blood plasma, eliminate

More information

Chapter 26: Urinary System By: Eddie Tribiana and Piers Frieden

Chapter 26: Urinary System By: Eddie Tribiana and Piers Frieden Chapter 26: Urinary System By: Eddie Tribiana and Piers Frieden The urinary system is important because it performs vital excretory functions Takes blood from renal arteries into the kidney to filtrate

More information

Outline Urinary System. Urinary System and Excretion. Urine. Urinary System. I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system

Outline Urinary System. Urinary System and Excretion. Urine. Urinary System. I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system Outline Urinary System Urinary System and Excretion Bio105 Chapter 16 Renal will be on the Final only. I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system A. Kidneys 1. Function 2. Structure III. Disorders of

More information

Histology Urinary system

Histology Urinary system Histology Urinary system Urinary system Composed of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra, the urinary system plays a critical role in: 1- Blood filtration,(filtration of cellular

More information

Lesson 14.1: Learning the Key Terms

Lesson 14.1: Learning the Key Terms 209 Lesson 14.1: Learning the Key Terms Directions: Place the letter of the best definition next to each key term. 1. collecting duct 2. distal convoluted tubule 3. glomerulus 4. nephron 5. nephron loop

More information

Chapter 23. The Nephron. (functional unit of the kidney

Chapter 23. The Nephron. (functional unit of the kidney Chapter 23 The Nephron (functional unit of the kidney Renal capsule The Nephron Renal cortex Nephron Collecting duct Efferent arteriole Afferent arteriole (a) Renal corpuscle: Glomerular capsule Glomerulus

More information

Urinary System kidneys, ureters, bladder & urethra

Urinary System kidneys, ureters, bladder & urethra Urinary System kidneys, ureters, bladder & urethra Filters blood removes waste products conserves salts, glucose, proteins, nutrients and water Produces urine Kidney Function Endocrine functions regulates

More information

The Urinary System: Part A

The Urinary System: Part A PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Mr. Barrow @ BEHS C H A P T E R 25 The Urinary System: Part A INTRODUCTION Introduction All organisms within Kingdom Animalia, including humans (homo sapiens), need

More information

RNPDC CCNP Anatomy and Physiology: Renal System Pre-Quiz 2015

RNPDC CCNP Anatomy and Physiology: Renal System Pre-Quiz 2015 RNPDC CCNP Anatomy and Physiology: Renal System Pre-Quiz 2015 1. In which abdominal cavity do the kidneys lie? a) Peritoneum. b) Anteperitoneal. c) Retroperitoneal. d) Parietal peritoneal 2. What is the

More information

active transport of! Na. C. Tubular Reabsorption of Nutrients, Water, and Ions (p. 979; Fig )

active transport of! Na. C. Tubular Reabsorption of Nutrients, Water, and Ions (p. 979; Fig ) The Urinary System Outline 25.1 The kidneys have three distinct regions and a rich blood supply (pp. 963 965; Figs. 25.1 25.5) A. Location and External Anatomy (p. 963; Figs. 25.1 25.3) 1. The kidneys

More information

Kidney Structure. Renal Lobe = renal pyramid & overlying cortex. Renal Lobule = medullary ray & surrounding cortical labryinth.

Kidney Structure. Renal Lobe = renal pyramid & overlying cortex. Renal Lobule = medullary ray & surrounding cortical labryinth. Kidney Structure Capsule Hilum ureter renal pelvis major and minor calyxes renal and vein segmental arteries interlobar arteries arcuate arteries interlobular arteries Medulla renal pyramids cortical/renal

More information

28/04/2013 LEARNING OUTCOME C13 URINARY SYSTEM STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS URINARY SYSTEM & EXCRETION

28/04/2013 LEARNING OUTCOME C13 URINARY SYSTEM STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS URINARY SYSTEM & EXCRETION LEARNING OUTCOME C13 Analyse the functional interrelationships of the structures of the urinary system Learning Outcome C13 URINARY SYSTEM STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS Students who have fully met this

More information

Collin College. BIOL Anatomy & Physiology WEEK 12. Urinary System INTRODUCTION. Main functions of the kidneys are

Collin College. BIOL Anatomy & Physiology WEEK 12. Urinary System INTRODUCTION. Main functions of the kidneys are Collin College BIOL. 2402 Anatomy & Physiology WEEK 12 Urinary System 1 INTRODUCTION Main functions of the kidneys are regulate blood volume, water content regulate blood composition e..g. Na, Cl, K, ph

More information

Chapter 24: The Urinary System

Chapter 24: The Urinary System Chapter 24: The Urinary System Overview of kidney functions n Regulation of blood ionic composition n Regulation of blood ph n Regulation of blood volume n Regulation of blood pressure n Maintenance of

More information

Urinary System. BSC 2086 A & P 2 Professor Tcherina Duncombe Palm Beach State College

Urinary System. BSC 2086 A & P 2 Professor Tcherina Duncombe Palm Beach State College Urinary System BSC 2086 A & P 2 Professor Tcherina Duncombe Palm Beach State College Filter plasma, separate and eliminate wastes Functions Regulate blood volume and pressure Regulate osmolarity of body

More information

Nephron Anatomy Nephron Anatomy

Nephron Anatomy Nephron Anatomy Kidney Functions: (Eckert 14-17) Mammalian Kidney -Paired -1% body mass -20% blood flow (Eckert 14-17) -Osmoregulation -Blood volume regulation -Maintain proper ion concentrations -Dispose of metabolic

More information

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19-1c. Efferent arteriole. Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19-1c. Efferent arteriole. Juxtaglomerular apparatus /6/0 About this Chapter Functions of the Kidneys Anatomy of the urinary system Overview of kidney function Secretion Micturition Regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure Regulation of

More information

014 Chapter 14 Created: 9:25:14 PM CST

014 Chapter 14 Created: 9:25:14 PM CST 014 Chapter 14 Created: 9:25:14 PM CST Student: 1. Functions of the kidneys include A. the regulation of body salt and water balance. B. hydrogen ion homeostasis. C. the regulation of blood glucose concentration.

More information

The Urinary System 15PART A. PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College

The Urinary System 15PART A. PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College The Urinary System 15PART A Functions of the Urinary System Elimination of waste products Nitrogenous

More information

Renal System and Excretion

Renal System and Excretion Renal System and Excretion Biology 105 Lecture 19 Chapter 16 Outline Renal System I. Functions II. Organs of the renal system III. Kidneys 1. Structure 2. Function IV. Nephron 1. Structure 2. Function

More information

I. Anatomy of the Urinary System A. Kidneys 1. Right lower than Left* 2. Retroperitoneal 3. Layers that secure kidneys in the abdominal cavity a.

I. Anatomy of the Urinary System A. Kidneys 1. Right lower than Left* 2. Retroperitoneal 3. Layers that secure kidneys in the abdominal cavity a. I. Anatomy of the Urinary System A. Kidneys 1. Right lower than Left* 2. Retroperitoneal 3. Layers that secure kidneys in the abdominal cavity a. Renal fascia b. Perinephric fat (Adipose) capsule c. Fibrous

More information

Urinary System Laboratory

Urinary System Laboratory Urinary System Laboratory 1 Adrenal gland Organs of The Urinary System Renal artery and vein Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder Figure 26.1 2 Urethra Functions of the urinary system organs: Urethra expels urine

More information

1. The Fibrous Capsule covers the outside of the kidney. It is made of fat and fibers.

1. The Fibrous Capsule covers the outside of the kidney. It is made of fat and fibers. Slide 2 The kidney has a number of functions. First is the excretion of toxic metabolic waste through urine production. The kidneys filter blood plasma and as a result of filtering blood, the kidneys help

More information

A. Incorrect! The urinary system is involved in the regulation of blood ph. B. Correct! The urinary system is involved in the synthesis of vitamin D.

A. Incorrect! The urinary system is involved in the regulation of blood ph. B. Correct! The urinary system is involved in the synthesis of vitamin D. Human Anatomy - Problem Drill 22: The Urinary System Question No. 1 of 10 1. Which of the following statements about the functions of the urinary system is not correct? Question #01 (A) The urinary system

More information

URINARY SYSTEM. Primary functions. Major organs & structures

URINARY SYSTEM. Primary functions. Major organs & structures URINARY SYSTEM Primary functions Excretion of metabolic wastes Regulation of water and ion balances Regulation of blood pressure Vitamin D activation Regulation of rbc s (erythropoietin) Gluconeogenesis

More information

Waste Products & Kidney Function

Waste Products & Kidney Function Waste Products & Kidney Function urinary system principal means of metabolic waste removal urinary system is closely associated with reproductive system urogenital system share embryonic development share

More information

H I S T O L O G Y O F T H E U R I N A R Y S Y S T E M

H I S T O L O G Y O F T H E U R I N A R Y S Y S T E M SCPA 602- Anatomical Basis For Pathological Study H I S T O L O G Y O F T H E U R I N A R Y S Y S T E M S O M P H O N G N A R K P I N I T, M. D. D E P A R T M E N T O F P A T H O B I O L O G Y F A C U

More information

Human Anatomy Unit 3 URINARY SYSTEM

Human Anatomy Unit 3 URINARY SYSTEM Human Anatomy Unit 3 URINARY SYSTEM In Anatomy Today Components Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra Functions Storage of urine Bladder stores up to 1 L of urine Excretion of urine Transport of urine

More information

Urinary System BIO 250. Waste Products of Metabolism Urea Carbon dioxide Inorganic salts Water Heat. Routes of Waste Elimination

Urinary System BIO 250. Waste Products of Metabolism Urea Carbon dioxide Inorganic salts Water Heat. Routes of Waste Elimination Urinary System BIO 250 Waste Products of Metabolism Urea Carbon dioxide Inorganic salts Water Heat Routes of Waste Elimination Skin: Variable amounts of heat, salts, and water; small amounts of urea and

More information

Other Factors Affecting GFR. Chapter 25. After Filtration. Reabsorption and Secretion. 5 Functions of the PCT

Other Factors Affecting GFR. Chapter 25. After Filtration. Reabsorption and Secretion. 5 Functions of the PCT Other Factors Affecting GFR Chapter 25 Part 2. Renal Physiology Nitric oxide vasodilator produced by the vascular endothelium Adenosine vasoconstrictor of renal vasculature Endothelin a powerful vasoconstrictor

More information

Chapter 26 The Urinary System. Overview of Kidney Functions. External Anatomy of Kidney. External Anatomy of Kidney

Chapter 26 The Urinary System. Overview of Kidney Functions. External Anatomy of Kidney. External Anatomy of Kidney Chapter 26 The Urinary System Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder & urethra Urine flows from each kidney, down its ureter to the bladder and to the outside via the urethra Filter the blood and return most

More information

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Exam Name SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Figure 25.1 Using Figure 25.1, match the following: 1) Glomerulus. 2) Afferent arteriole. 3)

More information

Chapter 11 Lecture Outline

Chapter 11 Lecture Outline Chapter 11 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction

More information

19. RENAL PHYSIOLOGY ROLE OF THE URINARY SYSTEM THE URINARY SYSTEM. Components and function. V BS 122 Physiology II 151 Class of 2011

19. RENAL PHYSIOLOGY ROLE OF THE URINARY SYSTEM THE URINARY SYSTEM. Components and function. V BS 122 Physiology II 151 Class of 2011 19. RENAL PHYSIOLOGY THE URINARY SYSTEM Components and function The urinary system is composed of two kidneys, the functionally filtering apparatus, which connect through two tubular structures called

More information

URINARY SYSTEM. Urinary System

URINARY SYSTEM. Urinary System URINARY SYSTEM Urinary System Kidney Functions Excretion Regulation of blood volume and pressure Regulation of electrolyte and ph levels Kidney Structure Gross Anatomy Fibrous Capsule Renal Cortex Renal

More information

Urinary System (Anatomy & Physiology)

Urinary System (Anatomy & Physiology) Urinary System (Anatomy & Physiology) IACLD CME, Monday, February 20, 2012 Mohammad Reza Bakhtiari, DCLS, PhD Iranian Research Organization for Science & Technology (IROST) Tehran, Iran The Urinary System

More information

Chapter 26 The Urinary System

Chapter 26 The Urinary System Chapter 26 The Urinary System Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder & urethra Urine flows from each kidney, down its ureter to the bladder and to the outside via the urethra Filter the blood and return most

More information

Collin County Community College RENAL PHYSIOLOGY

Collin County Community College RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Collin County Community College BIOL. 2402 Anatomy & Physiology WEEK 12 Urinary System 1 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Glomerular Filtration Filtration process that occurs in Bowman s Capsule Blood is filtered and

More information

URINARY SYSTEM ANATOMY

URINARY SYSTEM ANATOMY URINARY SYSTEM ANATOMY Adapted from Human Anatomy & Physiology Marieb and Hoehn (9 th ed.) OVERVIEW Metabolism of nutrients by the body produces wastes that must be removed from the body. Although excretory

More information

Chapter 16 Lecture Outline

Chapter 16 Lecture Outline Chapter 16 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction

More information

Unit #4 Waste and Excretion. The Kidneys

Unit #4 Waste and Excretion. The Kidneys Unit #4 Waste and Excretion The Kidneys Renal Hilus (Hilus) the doorway of the kidney Ureter leaves this region blood and lymphatic vessels enter and exit here Renal Capsule (Capsule) smooth fibrous tissue

More information

First is Urine Production. We ll discuss the specifics of this process momentarily.

First is Urine Production. We ll discuss the specifics of this process momentarily. 1 2 The kidney has a number of functions. First is Urine Production. We ll discuss the specifics of this process momentarily. Next, the kidneys filter blood. As a result of filtering blood, the kidneys

More information

URINARY SYSTEM. These organs lie posterior or inferior to the. (membrane).

URINARY SYSTEM. These organs lie posterior or inferior to the. (membrane). URINARY SYSTEM I. INTRODUCTION Each kidney is made up of about a million tiny tubules called nephrons. Each nephron individually filters the blood and makes urine and it does the job completely, from start

More information

Nephron Structure inside Kidney:

Nephron Structure inside Kidney: In-Depth on Kidney Nephron Structure inside Kidney: - Each nephron has two capillary regions in close proximity to the nephron tubule, the first capillary bed for fluid exchange is called the glomerulus,

More information

Chapter 17: Urinary System

Chapter 17: Urinary System Introduction Chapter 17: Urinary System Organs of the Urinary System REFERENCE FIGURE 17.1 2 kidneys filters the blood 2 ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder Urinary bladder

More information

A&P 2 CANALE T H E U R I N A R Y S Y S T E M

A&P 2 CANALE T H E U R I N A R Y S Y S T E M A&P 2 CANALE T H E U R I N A R Y S Y S T E M URINARY SYSTEM CONTRIBUTION TO HOMEOSTASIS Regulates body water levels Excess water taken in is excreted Output varies from 2-1/2 liter/day to 1 liter/hour

More information

Basic Urinary Tract Anatomy and Histology

Basic Urinary Tract Anatomy and Histology Basic Urinary Tract Anatomy and Histology The two kidneys are located in the retroperitoneum on either side of the vertebral bladder and the contraction of the detrusor muscle. Any mechanical barrier,

More information

Outline Urinary System

Outline Urinary System Urinary System and Excretion Bio105 Lecture Packet 20 Chapter 16 Outline Urinary System I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system A. Kidneys 1. Function 2. Structure B. Urine formation 1. Hormonal regulation

More information

Histology / First stage The Urinary System: Introduction. Kidneys

Histology / First stage The Urinary System: Introduction. Kidneys The Urinary System: Introduction The urinary system consists of the paired kidneys and ureters, the bladder, and the urethra. This system helps maintain homeostasis by a complex combination of processes

More information

B108 BC Urinary System *

B108 BC Urinary System * OpenStax-CNX module: m62388 1 B108 BC Urinary System * Melodye Gold Based on Human Biology Chapter 12.2: Urinary System Anatomy and Function by OpenStax Willy Cushwa This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX

More information

1. Urinary System, General

1. Urinary System, General S T U D Y G U I D E 16 1. Urinary System, General a. Label the figure by placing the numbers of the structures in the spaces by the correct labels. 7 Aorta 6 Kidney 8 Ureter 2 Inferior vena cava 4 Renal

More information

Human Anatomy and Physiology - Problem Drill 23: The Urinary System, Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance

Human Anatomy and Physiology - Problem Drill 23: The Urinary System, Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance Human Anatomy and Physiology - Problem Drill 23: The Urinary System, Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance Question No. 1 of 10 Which of the following statements about the functions of the urinary system

More information

Urinary System. consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra

Urinary System. consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra Urinary System 1 Urinary System consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra 2 Location of Kidneys The kidneys which are positioned retroperitoneally lie on either side of the vertebral

More information

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY. Physiology Unit 4

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY. Physiology Unit 4 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Physiology Unit 4 Renal Functions Primary Function is to regulate the chemistry of plasma through urine formation Additional Functions Regulate concentration of waste products Regulate

More information

NOTES: CH 44 Regulating the Internal Environment (Homeostasis & The Urinary System)

NOTES: CH 44 Regulating the Internal Environment (Homeostasis & The Urinary System) NOTES: CH 44 Regulating the Internal Environment (Homeostasis & The Urinary System) HOMEOSTASIS **Recall HOMEOSTASIS is the steady-state physiological condition of the body. It includes: 1) Thermoregulation:

More information

Func%ons of the Urinary System

Func%ons of the Urinary System Func%ons of the Urinary System Excre%on Regula%on of blood volume Regula%on of blood pressure Regula%on of blood- solute concentra%on Regula%on of ph of extracellular fluid Regula%on of erythropoiesis

More information

Urinary System. Chapter 17 7/19/11. Introduction

Urinary System. Chapter 17 7/19/11. Introduction 7/19/11 Chapter 17 Urinary System Introduction A. The urinary system consists of two kidneys that filter the blood, two ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra to convey waste substances to the outside.

More information

HISTOLOGY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

HISTOLOGY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM HISTOLOGY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM The Urinary System Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder & urethra Urine flows from each kidney, down its ureter to the bladder and to the outside via the urethra Filter the

More information

Questions? Homework due in lab 6. PreLab #6 HW 15 & 16 (follow directions, 6 points!)

Questions? Homework due in lab 6. PreLab #6 HW 15 & 16 (follow directions, 6 points!) Questions? Homework due in lab 6 PreLab #6 HW 15 & 16 (follow directions, 6 points!) Part 3 Variations in Urine Formation Composition varies Fluid volume Solute concentration Variations in Urine Formation

More information

Urinary System URINARY SYSTEM

Urinary System URINARY SYSTEM URINARY SYSTEM The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra. The formation of urine is the function of the kidneys, and the rest of the system is responsible

More information

The Urinary System: Part A

The Urinary System: Part A PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Mr. Barrow @ BEHS C H A P T E R 25 The Urinary System: Part A INTRODUCTION Introduction All organisms within Kingdom Animalia, including humans (homo sapiens), need

More information

The principal functions of the kidneys

The principal functions of the kidneys Renal physiology The principal functions of the kidneys Formation and excretion of urine Excretion of waste products, drugs, and toxins Regulation of body water and mineral content of the body Maintenance

More information

Glomerular Capillary Blood Pressure

Glomerular Capillary Blood Pressure Glomerular Capillary Blood Pressure Fluid pressure exerted by blood within glomerular capillaries Depends on Contraction of the heart Resistance to blood flow offered by afferent and efferent arterioles

More information

1. a)label the parts indicated above and give one function for structures Y and Z

1. a)label the parts indicated above and give one function for structures Y and Z Excretory System 1 1. Excretory System a)label the parts indicated above and give one function for structures Y and Z W- renal cortex - X- renal medulla Y- renal pelvis collecting center of urine and then

More information

Osmoregulation and Renal Function

Osmoregulation and Renal Function 1 Bio 236 Lab: Osmoregulation and Renal Function Fig. 1: Kidney Anatomy Fig. 2: Renal Nephron The kidneys are paired structures that lie within the posterior abdominal cavity close to the spine. Each kidney

More information

I. Metabolic Wastes Metabolic Waste:

I. Metabolic Wastes Metabolic Waste: I. Metabolic Wastes Metabolic Waste: a) Carbon Dioxide: by-product of cellular respiration. b) Water: by-product of cellular respiration & dehydration synthesis reactions. c) Inorganic Salts: by-product

More information

Urinary System Functions of the Urinary system (renal) A. B. C.

Urinary System Functions of the Urinary system (renal) A. B. C. Urinary System Functions of the Urinary system (renal) A. B. C. I. Overview of fluids A. Normal volumes 1. fluid intake a. = 1500 ml b. = 750 ml c. = 250 ml (remember ETS) d. total = 2500 ml/day 2. fluid

More information

2. Ureters Composed of smooth muscle tissue ~25cm long Connects kidneys to bladder Undergoes peristaltic contraction to move urine to bladder

2. Ureters Composed of smooth muscle tissue ~25cm long Connects kidneys to bladder Undergoes peristaltic contraction to move urine to bladder Section 6: The Urinary System A) Organs of the Urinary system 1. Kidneys 2. Ureters 3. Bladder 4. Urethra 1. Kidneys Paired organs located on either side of vertebral column in upper part of abdominal

More information