EXCRETORY SYSTEM E. F. G. H.
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1 XRTORY SYSTM 1. Label the following parts of the nephron in the diagram below:..... F. G. H. I. J. K. L. 2. Identify the following as either True or False: There is a greater osmotic concentration in the outer renal medulla region than in the inner renal medulla region. The ascending limb of the loop of the nephron is impermeable to water. Hangovers after drinking alcohol may be due to dehydration as a result of alcohol stimulating H secretion. The hormone H is released from the adrenal cortex, whereas aldosterone is released from the posterior pituitary. The kidneys help regulate salt balance, blood volume, and the ph of the blood. 3. Match the following excretory products to each of the sources below: urea, uric acid, and bile pigments. Hemolglobin O 2 + ammonia Nucleotides Page 1 of 5
2 4. Match the following excretory organs to each of the excretory products below: skin, liver, kidneys and lungs. ile pigments Water, salt, and some urea O 2 + water Water, urea, and salts 5. Match the following enzymes or hormones to each of their functions below: aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone: Promotes water reabsorption, decreased urine Promotes Na + reabsorption in distal tubule 6. Label the parts indicated below and give one function for structures Y and Z: Y: Z: 7. Which of the following describes the flow of urine through the urinary system correctly: Urethra, urinary bladder, ureter, kidney Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra Kidney, urethra, urinary bladder, ureter Urinary bladder, ureter, kidney, urethra Kidney, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra 8. The function of W is: Tubular excretion Pressure filtration Reabsorption of water Selective reabsorption
3 XRTORY SYSTM 9. In the diagram above, the permeability of which structure is altered by secretions from the adrenal cortex: W X Y Z 10. The structure labelled X is the: Ureter Urethra ladder ollecting duct 11. In the diagram above, what is the function of the structure labelled Y is to: Store urine Filter blood Produce urine Maintain blood volume 12. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about water reabsorption in the kidneys: Salt is actively transported out of the ascending limb Water leaves the ascending limb Water leaves the descending limb Water may leave the collecting duct Urea contributes to high solute concentration in inner medulla 13. Which process accounts for H+ and ammonium ions to be removed from the blood and added to the distal convoluted tubule: Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion Osmosis iffusion 14. t which location would the greatest concentration of glucose be found: W X Y Z Page 3 of 5
4 15. The inability to regulate the concentration of sodium ions in the blood could be due to improper functioning of: drenal cortex, since it produces H drenal cortex, since it produces aldosterone drenal medulla, since it produces H drenal medulla, since it produces aldosterone 16. If the blood is excessively acidic, it will likely lead to urine: Of increased ph Of decreased ph With increased Na concentration With decreased NH 3 concentration 17. The structure labelled X, in the diagram below is: drenal gland Thyroid gland Hypothalamus Pituitary gland 18. The table shows the amounts of substances present in human blood plasma, glomerula filtrate and urine. ll are measured in grams per 100 cm 3 of fluid. OMPONNT PLSM FILTRT URIN glucose nil amino acids nil proteins inorganic salts urea uric acid : ccount for the differences in the levels of proteins in the plasma and filtrate: : The concentration of inorganic salts in urine is approximately double that present in the filtrate. xplain this difference:
5 XRTORY SYSTM 19. The composition of the glomerular filtrate is about the same as that found in the: Proximal convoluted tubule istal convoluted tubule scending limb of loop of the nephron ollecting duct Plasma 20. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is found between the: Glomerular capsule and afferent arteriole fferent arteriole and distal convoluted tubule fferent arteriole and distal convoluted tubule fferent arteriole and proximal convoluted tubule Proximal convoluted tubule and collecting duct 21. If blood becomes acidic, are excreted and are reabsorbed: H + and Na + ; HH 3 and HO 3 H + and HO 3 ; NH 3 and Na + H + and NH 3 ; Na + and HO 3 H + and glucose ; Na + and HO 3 NH 3 and HO 3 ; H + and Na Which sequence correctly describes the flow through various parts of the nephron: Glomerulus, glomerular capsule, PT, nephron loop Glomerular capsule, nephron loop, PT, T PT, T, nephron loop, collecting duct Nephron loop, collecting duct, T, PT T, collecting duct, nephron loop, glomerulus, glomerular capsule 23. xplain how aldosterone helps to maintain blood volume, and detail the steps associated with the release of aldosterone, as well as the feedback loop associated with the control of its release: 24. What effect will each of the following have on the quantity and the composition of urine? Give an explanation for each effect: a) Low arterial blood pressure: b) Impaired function of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland: Page 5 of 5
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