Fetal Pigs and You BIO 171 WEEK 10

Transcription

1 Fetal Pigs and You BIO 171 WEEK 10

2 The Domestic Pig: Sus scrofa Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia - Skin covered in hair or fur; Milk-producing glands (mammary glands) in the female to nurse the young Order: Artiodactyla - Even-toed ungulates Family: Suidae Genus: Sus Species scrofa

3 Anatomical Terminology See page 3-4

4 Anatomical Terminology See page 3-4 Posterior Anterior Point of Reference

5 Anatomical Terminology See page 3-4 Dorsal (Superior) Point of Reference Ventral (Inferior)

6 Anatomical Terminology See page 3-4 Lateral Point of Reference Medial

7 Anatomical Terminology See page 3-4 From the point of reference, which eye is proximal? Which is distal? Distal Proximal Point of Reference

8 Salivary Glands Parotid Gland Parotid duct Masseter muscle External maxillary vein Facial nerves Submaxillary Gland/Submandibular Gland Beneath/ventral to parotid gland; posterior to angle of the jaw Sublingual Gland Flat, narrow Lies along duct of submaxillary gland Buccal glands Beneath skin of lips, on cheeks Produce mucus

9 Salivary Glands Parotid Gland Parotid Duct

10 Oral Cavity

11 Oral Cavity Palate separates oral cavity and nasal cavity Hard palate Soft palate Pharynx Epiglottis Trachea Esophagus Teeth Incisors, Canines, Premolars, Molars

12 Abdominal Cavity page 58, 61 1) Do not cut too deeply 2) Down from (1) towards umbilical cord. 3) Cut around umbilical cord, do not damage umbilical arteries/veins or urinary bladder! 4) Cut gently through muscle, look for peritoneum, a membrane lining the abdominal cavity. Fold back the ventral abdominal wall to expose the organs. Will need to cut umbilical vein now. May need to drain/rinse abdominal cavity in the sink pat dry with paper towels.

13 Note Muscles Diaphragm Abdominal Cavity Stomach find where esophagus pierces diaphragm and joins stomach Esophagus to stomach: lower esophageal sphincter) Meconium Stomach to Small Intestine: Pyloric Sphincter Photo from

14 Abdominal Cavity Stomach find where esophagus pierces diaphragm and joins stomach Esophagus to stomach: lower esophageal sphincter) Meconium Stomach to Small Intestine: Pyloric Sphincter Small Intestine Duodenum receives enzymes/bile from digestive glands; villi, microvilli Jejunum makes up about half the length of the SI Ileum final portion of SI Caecum joints SI to LI Large in organisms that feed on cellulose Contains microorganisms that can break down cellulose In humans, appendix hosts backup microorganisms Large intestine (colon) Final stages of digestion Absorbs water Rectum short terminal section of colon Anus opening from large intestine to the world! Photo from

15 Abdominal Cavity Liver 5 lobes Produces bile Glycogen storage Gall Bladder stores bile from liver, releases it into the duodenum Should be green! OTHER ORGANS: Pancreas exocrine/endocrine functions Releases insulin into the bloodstream to regulate glucose metabolism Spleen immune function Formation/storage/destruction of blood cells Acts as large lymph node Urogenital System try to leave intact Kidney Urinary Bladder Reproductive Structures Photo from

16 Obtaining Your Pig Two per table (one per group) One male and one female per table Bring dissection tray to the bins, select pig Observe external anatomy and answer questions Begin dissection

17 Dissection Proceed carefully: do not destroy structures that you need to examine! Plan incisions carefully draw them on first if necessary Use scalpel and scissors sparingly; use probes and dissecting needles to trace blood vessels and nerves Line dissection tray with paper towels to absorb excess moisture Use as little pressure as possible on the skin to avoid cutting through the muscle

18 Storing your pig Pigs will be stored in the gray bins Label bins with your name, section number, class time Place pig in ziplock bag with some fluid for preservation (use plastic beakers) DO NOT THROW PLASTIC BEAKERS INTO BINS WITH THE PIGS Make sure bag is well sealed and place it into an additional bag Label bag with sharpie

19 Structures to find: Oral Cavity/Salivary Glands Hard palate Soft palate Epiglottis Esophagus Trachea Parotid Gland Submaxillary Gland Masseter Muscle Abdominal Cavity Diaphragm Liver Gallbladder Stomach Spleen Small Intestine duodenum, jejunum, ileum Large Intestine caecum, rectum Pancreas Bile duct Pyloric valve