BIOL& 253 Lab Manual for Practical #2 Page 1 Rausch. For all slides, know a function for structures marked with a single asterisk (*).

Transcription

1 BIOL& 253 Lab Manual for Practical #2 Page 1 Rausch Lab equipment: slides, models SLIDES For all slides, know a function for structures marked with a single asterisk (*). DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Layers of the gastrointestinal tract: 1. Mucosa*: epithelium* lamina propria* with: areolar CT lymphoid tissue (M.A.L.T.)* blood vessels muscularis mucosae* (smooth muscle) 2. Submucosa*: dense irregular CT blood vessels, nerves submucosal plexus glands lymphoid tissue 3. Muscularis externa*: inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers 4. Serosa*: loose CT simple squamous epithelium This general plan is modified to perform the special functions of different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Be able to identify and give a function for the four major layers and the parts of layers marked with an asterisk (*) on any appropriate slide. Make a diagram showing the four layers of the G.I. tract:

2 For all slides, know a function for structures marked with a single asterisk (*). Page 2 Tongue* See slides labeled: Tongue, rabbit; taste buds, Foliate papillae, rabbit; tongue cat, tongue frog Identify: stratified nonkeratinized squamous epithelium, papillae, taste buds*, lingual glands*, skeletal muscle Be able to name four cranial nerves that innervate the tongue and the type of information each carries. s Salivary glands* See slides labeled: Salivary gland mammal, salivary gland human, salivary gland composite Identify also: Mucous acini cells*, serous acini cells*, serous demilunes* s

3 Stomach* Page 3 See slides labeled: Human Fundic stomach, stomach fundus man Identify also: all four layers* (see page 1), gastric pits*, gastric glands*, mucous cells*, parietal (oxyntic) cells*, chief (peptic, zymogenic) cells* s Small intestine* See slides labeled: Duodenum monkey, ileum monkey, jejunum monkey, ileum Peyer s patches Identify also: all four layers* (see page 1), M.A.L.T.*, Brunner s glands*, intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkuhn)*, Peyer s patch*, plica circulares*, goblet cells*, intestinal villi* Be able to identify the organ as duodenum, jejunum or ileum s

4 Page 4 Large intestine (colon)* See slides labeled: colon, large intestine mucous stain Identify: all four layers* (see page 1), taeniae coli, goblet cells*, intestinal glands* Liver* See slides labeled: liver, liver human, liver pig Identify also: lobule, hepatocytes*, central vein, sinusoids, portal triad (identify hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct*)

5 Gallbladder* Page 5 See slides labeled as such. Identify also: mucosa, muscularis, simple columnar epithelium* Pancreas* See slides labeled: pancreas human, pancreas monkey Identify also: pancreatic duct, acini cells*, pancreatic islet (of Langerhans)*

6 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM See slides labeled lung, trachea, pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, lung with bronchiole Page 6 Identify: bronchiole*, pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium*, alveolar (simple squamous) epithelium*, alveolus*, hyaline cartilage*, smooth muscle URINARY SYSTEM Kidney* Identify also: glomerulus*, Bowman s capsule*, Bowman s space, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)*, distal convoluted tubule (DCT)*, collecting duct (CD)* Urinary bladder* See slides labeled: bladder, bladder human, transitional epithelium Identify also: transitional epithelium*, detrusor muscle*

7 MODELS Page 7 For all models, know a function for structures marked with a single asterisk (*). DIGESTIVE SYSTEM oral cavity nasal cavity oropharynx vestibule external nares internal nares nasopharynx laryngopharynx labia hard palate soft palate uvula* tongue* lingual frenulum teeth incisors canines (cuspids) premolars (bicuspids) molars parts of a tooth enamel dentin cementum crown neck root canal salivary glands* parotid salivary gland parotid duct submandibular (submaxillary) esophagus* stomach* rugae* cardia fundus corpus (body) pyloris pyloric sphincter* duodenum* plica circulares* duodenal (hepatopancreatic) papilla jejunum* ileum* pancreas* liver* falciform ligament left and right lobes round ligament hepatic duct gall bladder* cystic duct common bile duct large intestine* ileocecal valve* cecum appendix colon haustra taeniae coli ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum*

8 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 1. Midsagittal sections of head/lung models external and internal nares superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae hard palate soft palate nasopharynx oropharynx Eustachian (auditory) tube openings* laryngopharynx hyoid bone larynx* epiglottis* thyroid cartilage cricoid cartilage vocal folds* trachea* tracheal rings palatine tonsil pharyngeal tonsil frontal and sphenoid sinuses 2. Larynx models hyoid bone epiglottis* thyroid cartilage cricoid cartilage arytenoid cartilage trachea tracheal rings 3. Lung models trachea/tracheal rings* primary bronchus secondary bronchus branches of pulmonary arteries branches of pulmonary veins diaphragm* lobes of right lung superior, middle, inferior lobes of left lung superior, inferior cardiac notch aorta superior vena cava inferior vena cava Page 8 4. Mandible models teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, molars layers/regions of a tooth: enamel, dentin, pulp, crown, root, neck, cementum mandibular angle mandibular ramus condyloid process coronoid process mandibular foramen mental foramen URINARY SYSTEM KIDNEY MODELS renal cortex renal medulla glomerulus* Bowman s capsule visceral layer (podocytes) parietal layer renal corpuscle PCT* DCT* collecting duct* Loop of Henle interlobar artery and vein arcuate artery and vein interlobular (cortical radiate) artery and vein afferent arteriole efferent arteriole renal column renal papilla renal pelvis renal pyramid minor calyx major calyx hilus ureter*