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Oförstörande provning Guide för kursplan för OFP träning (ISO/TR 25107:2006) Non-destructive testing

1 ttp:// ttp:// ttp:// ttp:// ttp:// Provläsningsexemplar / Preview Teknisk rapport SIS-CEN ISO/TR 25107:2006 Utgåva 1 Oktober 2006 Oförstörande provning Guide för kursplan för OFP träning (ISO/TR 25107:2006) Non-destructive testing Guidelines for NDT training syllabuses (ISO/TR 25107:2006) ICS Språk: engelska Copyrigt SIS. Reproduction in any form witout permission is proibited.

2 Denna tekniska rapport är inte en svensk standard. Detta dokument inneåller den engelska språkversionen av CEN ISO/TR 25107:2006. Tis Tecnical Report is not a Swedis Standard. Tis document contains te Englis version of CEN ISO/TR 25107:2006. Upplysningar om sakinneållet i tekniska specifikationer, rapporter oc standarder lämnas av SIS, Swedis Standards Institute, telefon Tekniska specifikationer, rapporter oc standarder kan beställas os SIS Förlag AB som även lämnar allmänna upplysningar om svenska oc utländska standardpublikationer. Postadress: SIS Förlag AB, STOCKHOLM Telefon: Telefax: E-post: sis.sales@sis.se. Internet:

3 TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN ISO/TR July 2006 ICS Englis Version Non-destructive testing - Guidelines for NDT training syllabuses (ISO/TR 25107:2006) Essais non destructifs - Lignes directrices pour les programmes de formation en END (ISO/TR 25107:2006) Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Leitfaden für Ausbildungslerinalte (Syllabus) der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung (ISO/TR 25107:2006) Tis Tecnical Report was approved by CEN on 16 October It as been drawn up by te Tecnical Committee CEN/TC 138. CEN members are te national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czec Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lituania, Luxembourg, Malta, Neterlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rigts of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN ISO/TR 25107:2006: E

4 Contents Page Foreword... iii Introduction... iv 1 Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Introduction to NDT Role Task of NDT personnel History of NDT Terminology of NDT General environmental and safety considerations Radiograpic testing Levels 1, 2 and Ultrasonic testing Levels 1, 2 and Eddy current testing Levels 1, 2 and Penetrant testing Levels 1, 2 and Magnetic particle testing Levels 1, 2 and Leak testing Levels 1, 2 and Acoustic emissions testing Levels 1, 2 and Visual testing Levels 1, 2 and Bibliograpy ii

5 Foreword Tis document (CEN ISO/TR 25107:2006) as been prepared by Tecnical Committee CEN/TC 138 "Non-destructive testing", te secretariat of wic is eld by AFNOR, in collaboration wit Tecnical Committee ISO/TC 135 "Non-destructive testing". According to te CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, te national standards organizations of te following countries are bound to announce tis CEN Tecnical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czec Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lituania, Luxembourg, Malta, Neterlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. iii

6 Introduction Wit tis Tecnical Report, ISO/TC135 and CEN/TC138 present to te worldwide non-destructive testing (NDT) community teir recommendations for te minimum tecnical knowledge to be required of NDT personnel. Tese recommendations provide means for evaluating and documenting te competence of personnel wose duties demand te appropriate teoretical and practical knowledge. As part of te efforts to streamline and armonize te training and certification of NDT personnel, ISO/TC 135 and CEN/TC 138 ave been actively involved in developing guidelines for training syllabuses (tis Tecnical Report) and for NDT training organizations (ISO/TR 27108). Tese documents are intended to serve tose involved in training and to be useful in acieving a uniform level of training material and consequently in te competence of personnel. Tis document, togeter wit ISO/TR 27108, represents two years of effort for working groups of te two tecnical committees in te promotion of armonization and mutual recognition of minimum requirements taken from te different existing certification scemes. Te content of tis first edition as been based on te experience of te experts as well as on comments from te end-user industries, as well as te most recent edition of te International Committee for Non-destructive testing (ICNDT) recommended guidelines. Te time allotment for te different topics takes into account te latest developments in eac metod and, as a consequence, te total duration can be sometimes greater tan te minimum duration required by ISO 9712 and EN 473. Tis Tecnical Report is to be revised in te coming years in order to maintain a workable document in line wit te development of NDT metods and tecniques. ISO/TC 135 and CEN/TC 138 wis to express teir appreciation to all tose wo contributed to te production of tis publication. iv

7 Non-destructive testing Guidelines for NDT training syllabuses 1 Scope Tis Tecnical Report gives guidelines for non-destructive testing (NDT) training syllabuses, wit te intention of armonizing and maintaining te general standard of training of NDT personnel for industrial needs. It also establises te minimum requirements for effective structured training of NDT personnel to ensure eligibility for qualification examinations leading to tird-party certification according to recognized standards. In addition to non-destructive testing in general, its guidelines for syllabuses cover acoustic emission, eddy current, leak, magnetic particle, penetrant, radiograpic, ultrasonic and visual testing. NOTE ISO/TR gives associated guidelines for NDT training organizations intended for te general part of training courses. 2 Normative references Te following referenced documents are indispensable for te application of tis document. For dated references, only te edition cited applies. For undated references, te latest edition of te referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1330 (all parts), Non-destructive testing Terminology 3 Terms and definitions For te purposes of tis document, te terms and definitions given in EN 1330 apply. 4 Introduction to NDT 4.1 Role Non-destructive testing makes an important contribution to te safety, and economic and ecological welfare, of our society. NDT is te only coice for te testing of an object wic may not be destroyed, modified or degraded by te testing process. Tis is generally required for objects wic are to be used after testing, for example, safety parts, pipelines, power plants, and also constructions under in-service inspection, but even for unique parts in arcaeology and culture. NDT is based on pysical effects at te surface or te inner structure of te object under test. Often, te outcome of te test needs to be interpreted to give a useful result; sometimes different NDT metods must be combined, or verified by oter test metods. 1

8 4.2 Task of NDT personnel NDT personnel ave a great responsibility, not only wit respect to teir employers or contractors but also under te rules of good workmansip. Te NDT personnel must be independent and free from economic influences wit regard to is test results, oterwise te results are compromised. Te NDT personnel sould be aware of te importance of is signature and te consequences of incorrect test results for safety, ealt and environment. Under legal aspects, te falsification of certificates is an offence and judged according to te national legal regulations. A tester may find imself in a conflicting situation about is findings wit is employer, te responsible autorities or legal requirements. Finally, te NDT personnel is responsible for all interpretations of test results carrying is signature. NDT personnel sould never sign test reports beyond teir certification. 4.3 History of NDT Te principle of NDT started to be put into practice wit visual cecks in preistoric times. In medieval later centuries, test metods suc as simple leakage tests and ardness cecks were introduced. Te breaktroug for NDT came wit industrialization in te 19t and 20t centuries: X-ray and ultrasonic testing for inner defects, penetrant and magnetic particle testing for surface cracks. During te last few decades, sopisticated, mostly electronically linked metods, suc as eddy current testing, RADAR, computer tomograpy and termograpy ave been developed. NDT metods ave found application in a wide range of industries from civil engineering and industrial plants to space and defence tecnology. Te istory of NDT is linked to many famous researcers and inventors, including Röntgen, Becquerel, Curie, Oerstedt, Faraday and even Leonardo da Vinci. Tey discovered te pysical principles and demonstrated early applications. Altogeter approximately scientists worldwide made contributions to te present state of NDT. NDT is a global tecnology. Since NDT tasks and related tecnical problems are similar in all developed countries, improved solutions and new equipment are spread around te world witin a few monts. Many international conferences and standards committees contribute to a steady and consensual development of NDT for te benefit of safety, economy and te environment. 4.4 Terminology of NDT Correct and standardized terminology is a necessity for a particular tecnology applied worldwide. It is needed for communication between contracting parties, NDT personnel and certifying bodies. Terms like indication, imperfection, flaw and defect require a precise and unequivocal definition if confusion and misinterpretation of results is to be avoided. See Clause General environmental and safety considerations Non-destructive testing is often applied in conditions were te safety of te operator could be in danger owing to local conditions, or were te application of te particular NDT metod or tecniques could in itself compromise te safety of te operator and oters in te vicinity. An essential element of any course training for NDT personnel must terefore be safety. Te duration of te training for tis subject sould be adequate and be provided in addition to te tecnical training associated wit a particular NDT metod General safety considerations include, but are not necessarily limited to, te following: environmental conditions (eat, cold, umidity); toxicity (NDT materials, tested products, atmospere); radiation safety (NDT materials, products, local regulations); 2

9 electrical safety (NDT equipment, letal voltages, EMC); potential for injury to personnel (working at eigt or in oter dangerous environments); personal protection equipment (cloting, radiation dosimeters). 5 Radiograpic testing Levels 1, 2 and 3 Te letters E and P followed by a value indicate te educational training time and practical training time respectively, in ours. NOTE level 2. As specified in EN 473, direct access to te level 3 examination requires te total ours sown for level 1 and 3

10 Content Level 1 Duration 5.1 Introduction to, terminology and istory of, NDT 5.2 Pysical principles of te metod and associated knowledge History Purpose Terminology: electromagnetic radiation energy dose dose rate Properties of X- and gamma radiation Relevant standards: EN 444: General principles E 0,5 History Purpose Terminology: wave-lengt dose dose rate intensity dose rate constant E 0,5 P 0,5 Level 2 Duration Properties of X- and gamma radiation E 1,0 History Purpose Terminology Relevant standards: EN Poton X-radiograpy Level 3 Duration E 1,0 E 1,0 Properties of radiation E 1,0 Process of ionization: Gamma radiograpy Straigt line propagation potocemical effects; Neutron radiograpy Effects of radiation biological effects; Electron radiograpy Capability of penetration fluorescent effects. Energy Process of ionization: potocemical effects; biological effects; fluorescent effects. Generation of X-radiation E 1,0 Generation of X-radiation E 1,5 Generation of X-radiation E 2,0 Function of X-ray tubes P 0,5 Function of X-ray tubes Function of X-ray tubes Tube current I Spectrum: Spectrum: Hig voltage U: intensity; intensity; effects on dose rate and energy max. energy; max. energy; of radiation. effective energy; effective energy; cange of spectrum by tube cange of spectrum by tube current and tube voltage. current and tube voltage. Caracteristic radiation Inerent filtering Inerent filtering ardening effect 4

11 Content Level 1 Duration Level 2 Duration Level 3 Duration Origin of -radiation Origin of -radiation E 1,5 Origin of -radiation E 2,0 Radio isotope Ir 192, Co 60, Se 75 E 1,0 P 0,5 Radio nuclide Natural and artificial decay decay series Isotope Ir 192, Co 60, Se 75, Yb 169 Radio nuclides for NDT Activity: Isotope Ir 192, Co 60, Se 75, Yb 169 alf life; Activity A Activity A caracteristics of -sources; Caracteristics of -sources: Caracteristics of -sources: life time; alf life; alf life; energy; decay curves maximum activity; decay curves maximum activity; activity; source size. source size. source size. Caracteristic of Gamma ray Caracteristic of Gamma ray Dose rate constant Dose rate constant Spectrum and effective energy Spectrum and effective energy Interaction of radiation wit matter E 1,0 Interaction of radiation wit matter Attenuation: Attenuation: E 3,0 P 0,5 Interaction of radiation wit matter Attenuation vs. energy: absorption; poto effect; poto effect; E 6,0 primary radiation; coerent scattering; coerent scattering; scattered radiation; Compton scattering; Compton scattering; influence of penetrated tickness. pair production. pair production. Type of material Attenuation coefficient Attenuation coefficient Energy Scatter radiation Scatter radiation Specific contrast Specific contrast Radiation contrast Radiation contrast Half value layer Effects of filtering Effects of filtering Tent value layer Beam ardening Beam ardening Klein-Nisina law 5

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SVENSK STANDARD SS-EN 1642:2005 Fastställd 2005-04-15 Utgåva 2 Tandvård Medicintekniska produkter för tandvård Dentala implantat Dentistry Medical devices for dentistry Dental implants ICS 11.060.15 Språk: