SECTION 45-1 REVIEW. VOCABULARY REVIEW Describe the functions of the tissues listed below.
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1 SECTION 45-1 REVIEW THE HUMAN BODY PLAN VOCABULARY REVIEW Describe the functions of the tissues listed below. 1. nervous tissue 2. muscular tissue 3. skeletal muscle 4. epithelial tissue 5. connective tissue MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. Nervous tissue contains specialized cells called a. transmitters. b. messenger cells. c. neurons. d. cardiac cells. 2. Tissue that binds, supports, and protects structures is called a. connective tissue. b. muscle tissue. 3. Organ systems consist of a. tissues. b. cells. c. organs. d. All of the above 4. The body cavity that contains the heart, esophagus, and organs of the respiratory system is the a. cranial cavity. b. spinal cavity. c. skeletal tissue. d. epithelial tissue. c. abdominal cavity. d. thoracic cavity. 5. Which organ system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, lungs, and skin? a. integumentary system b. digestive system c. excretory system d. endocrine system Modern Biology Study Guide 245
2 SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided. 1. List three types of muscle tissue. 2. Describe how body tissues, organs, and organ systems are related. 3. Describe the composition of connective tissue. 4. Describe two functions of nervous tissue. 5. Critical Thinking Can an organ be part of more than one organ system? Explain your answer. STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Use the figure below to answer the following questions. 1. Label each part of the figure in the spaces provided. 2. Which of the labeled body cavities contain the central nervous system? 3. What is the function of the body cavities? a b c d e 246 Section 45-1 Review
3 SECTION 45-2 REVIEW SKELETAL SYSTEM VOCABULARY REVIEW Explain the relationship between the terms in each of the following pairs of terms. 1. axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton 2. periosteum, compact bone 3. bone marrow, spongy bone 4. ossification, epiphyseal plate 5. joint, ligament MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. The process in which bone cells gradually replace cartilage is called a. ossification. b. osteoarthritis. 2. The axial skeleton includes bones of the a. arms. b. legs. c. ribs. d. All of the above 3. Semimovable joints are found a. in the knees. b. between vertebrae. c. restoration. d. None of the above c. in the thumbs. d. in the elbows. 4. Tough bands of connective tissue that hold bones in place are called a. ligaments. b. tendons. c. gliding joints. d. muscles. 5. Osteoarthritis is characterized by a. stretching of ligaments. b. autoimmunity. c. fracturing of bones. d. thinning of cartilage. Modern Biology Study Guide 247
4 SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided. 1. Describe three functions of bones. 2. List three types of joints, and give an example of each type. 3. Describe the importance of bone marrow. 4. Critical Thinking Why is dietary calcium important to bone growth and maintenance? STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Use the figure of the human skeleton at right to answer the following questions. 1. Label each part of the figure in the spaces provided. a b c d 2. What are the primary functions of the skeleton? 3. How do bones elongate? e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s 248 Section 45-2 Review
5 SECTION 45-3 REVIEW MUSCULAR SYSTEM VOCABULARY REVIEW Distinguish between the terms in each of the following pairs of terms. 1. voluntary muscle, involuntary muscle 2. origin, insertion 3. flexor, extensor 4. actin, myosin 5. muscle fatigue, oxygen debt MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. Which of the following types of muscle tissues is found in the walls of the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels? a. cardiac muscle b. smooth muscle c. skeletal muscle d. voluntary muscle 2. Which of the following types of muscle tissues is responsible for moving most parts of the body? a. cardiac muscle b. smooth muscle c. skeletal muscle d. involuntary muscle 3. A sarcomere a. is the functional unit of muscle contraction. b. consists of myofibrils. 4. Muscles that cause a joint to bend are called c. uses ATP. d. All of the above a. flexors. b. origins. c. extensors. d. insertions. 5. Which of the following happens when a skeletal muscle contracts? a. Sarcomeres shorten. b. Myosin heads bend outward. c. Myosin heads attach to actin filaments. d. All of the above Modern Biology Study Guide 249
6 SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided. 1. How does a runner acquire an oxygen debt? 2. How does a muscle contract? 3. Distinguish between the three types of muscle tissue. 4. Critical Thinking Why are flexors and extensors considered antagonistic muscles? STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Use the figure of the human arm below to answer the following questions. 1. Label each part of the figure in the spaces provided. a b c g d h 2. Which muscle is a flexor and which muscle is an extensor? e f 3. Where is the insertion of a located? Where is the origin of a located? 250 Section 45-3 Review
7 SECTION 45-4 REVIEW INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms. 1. exocrine gland 2. melanin 3. sebum 4. keratin 5. sweat gland MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. The dermis a. covers the epidermis. b. produces melanin. 2. Which of the following is secreted by oil glands in the skin? a. melanin b. sebum c. keratin d. sweat 3. Which of the following is not a function of the layer of fat cells beneath the dermis? a. produces oil b. provides an energy reserve 4. Hair and nails are composed primarily of c. contains nervous tissue and blood vessels. d. consists mostly of dead cells. c. absorbs shock d. insulates the body a. sebum. b. keratin. c. glands. d. All of the above 5. Sweat glands a. secrete sebum into the bloodstream. b. stimulate hair follicles. c. help maintain a steady body temperature. d. insulate the body. Modern Biology Study Guide 251
8 SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided. 1. Describe the functions of the skin. 2. How does exposure to ultraviolet light influence melanin production in the skin? 3. Describe the functions of the epidermis. 4. How are hair and nails similar in structure? 5. Critical Thinking What causes freckles and pigmented moles? STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Use the figure below to answer the following questions. 1. Label each part of the figure in the spaces provided. e a b c d 2. Which structures contain keratin? i f g h 3. Explain how the dermis enables the body to interact with the external environment. 252 Section 45-4 Review
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