Fundamentals of Biomechanics

Transcription

1 Duane Knudson Fundamentals of Biomechanics Second Edition Springer

2 Preface Acknowledgments PARTI INTRODUCTION CHAPTERI INTRODUCTION TO BIOMECHANICS OF HUMAN MOVEMENT NINE FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMECHANICS 29 Principles and Laws 29 Nine Principles for Application of Biomechanics 30 QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS WHAT IS BIOMECHANICS? WHY STUDY BIOMECHANICS? Improving Performance Preventing and Treating Injury Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis WHERE CAN I FIND OUT ABOUT BIOMECHANICS? Scholarly Societies Computer Searches Biomechanics Textbooks BIOMECHANICAL KNOWLEDGE VERSUS INFORMATION Kinds of Sources Evaluating Sources A Word About Right and Wrong Answers PART II BIOLOGICAL/STRUCTURAL BASES CHAPTER 3 ANATOMICAL DESCRIPTION AND ITS LIMITATIONS REVIEW OF KEY ANATOMICAL CONCEPTS Directional Terms Joint Motions Review of Muscle Strucrure MUSCLE ACTIONS Active and Passive Tension of Muscle Hill Muscle Model THE LIMITATIONS OF FUNCTIONAL ANATOMICAL ANALYSIS Mechanical Method of Muscle Action Analysis The Need for Biomechanics to Understand Muscle Actions Sports Mediane and Rehabilitation Applications RANGE-OF-MOTION PRINCIPLE 60 CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMECHANICS AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS KEY MECHANICAL CONCEPTS Mechanics Basic Units FORCE-MOTION PRINCIPLE V

3 vi FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMECHANICS CHAPTER 4 MECHANICS OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM TlSSUE LOADS RESPONSE OF TISSUES TO FORCES Stress Strain Stiffness and Mechanical Strength Viscoelasticity BIOMECHANICS OF THE PASSIVE MUSCLE-TENDON UNIT BIOMECHANICS OF BONE (MTU) OPTIMAL PROJECTION PRINCIPLE ANGULAR MOTION Angular Velocity Angular Acceleration COORDINATION CONTINUUM PRINCIPLE BIOMECHANICS OF LIGAMENTS 77 THREE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLE Force-Velocity Relationship Force-Length Relationship Force-Time Relationship STRETCH-SHORTENING CYCLE (SSC) NEUROMUSCULAR CONTROL The Functional Unit of Control: Motor Units Regulation of Muscle Force Proprioception of Muscle Action and Movement CHAPTER 6 LINEAR KINETICS LAWS OF KINETICS NEWTON'S LAWS OF MOTION Newton's First Law and First Impressions Newton's Second Law Newton's Third Law INERTIA PRINCIPLE MUSCLE ANGLE OF PULL: QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF VECTORS Qualitative Vector Analysis of Muscle Angle of Pull Quantitative Vector Analysis of Muscle Angle of Pull CONTACT FORCES IMPULSE-MOMENTUM RELATIONSHIP WORK-ENERGY RELATIONSHIP 151 PART III MECHANICAL BASES Mechanical Energy Mechanical Work Mechanical Power CHAPTER 5 LINEAR AND ANGULAR KINEMATICS SEGMENTAL INTERACTION PRINCIPLE LINEAR MOTION Speed and Velocity Acceleration Uniformly Accelerated Motion WEB LPNKS

4 CHAPTER 7 ANGULAR KINETICS TORQUE SUMMING TORQUES ANGULAR INERTIA (MOMENT OF INERTIA) NEWTON'S ANGULAR ANALOGUES EQUILIBRIUM CENTER OF GRAVITY PRINCIPLE OF BALANCE SUGGESTED READFNG CHAPTER 8 FLUID MECHANICS FLUIDS FLUID FORCES Buoyancy Drag Lift The Magnus Effect PRINCIPLE OF SPIN PART IV APPLICATIONS OF BIOMECHANICS IN QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS CHAPTER 9 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CHAPTER 10 COACHING THROWING TECHNIQUE DRIBBLING TECHNIQUE CONDITIONING RECRUITMENT CATCHING CHAPTER11 STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING SQUAT TECHNIQUE DROP JUMPS EXERCISE SPECIFICITY INJURY RISK EQUIPMENT KICKING TECHNIQUE 5 BATTFNG 8 THE BASKETBALL FREE THROW 9 EXERCISE/ACTIVITY PRESCRIPTION 220 CATCHING 222 CHAPTER 12 SPORTS MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION INJURY MECHANISMS 247 EXERCISE SPECIFICITY 248 EQUIPMENT 250

5 VIII FUNDAMENTALS OF BlOMECHANICS w u : u m READINESS INJURY PREVENTTON LABACTIVITIES 1 FINDING BLOMECHANICAL SOURCES L QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF RANGE OF MOTION L-4 SöGGESTED READING REFERENCES FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY? 4 MUSCLE ACTIONS AND THE STRETCH- SHORTENING CYCLE (SSC) 5A VELOCITY IN SPRINTING L-6 L-8 L-10 APPENDIX A GLOSSARY 283 5B ACCURACY OF THROWING SPEED MEASUREMENTS L-12 APPENDIX B CONVERSION FACTORS APPENDIX C 297 6A TOP GUN KINETICS: FORCE-MOTION PPJNCIPLE 6B IMPULSE-MOMENTUM: L-14 L-16 SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO SELECTED 299 7A ANGULAR KLNETICS OF EXERCISE L-18 APPENDIX D RiGHT-ANGLE TRIGONOMETRY REVIEW APPENDIX E BlOMECHANICAL PRINCIPLES INDEX B CALCULATING CENTER OF GRAVITY USING ANGULAR KINETICS L-20 8 MAGNUS EFFECT IN BASEBALL PITCHING L-22 9 LEAD-UP ACTIVITIES L COMPARISON OF SKILLED AND NOVICE PERFORMANCE L COMPARISON OF TRAINPNG MODES L WALKING GAIT L-30