AMBULATION. Ambulation. Process of moving about. Walking Transferring to and from bed, chair, toilet, car

Transcription

1 AMBULATION

2 AMBULATION Ambulation Process of moving about Walking Transferring to and from bed, chair, toilet, car

3 AMBULATION Levels of ambulation training Independent Setup Supervised Limited Extensive

4 AMBULATION Independent Least assistive ambulation training No need to watch or help patient

5 AMBULATION Setup Setup or prepare assistive devices and patient for ambulation

6 AMBULATION Supervised ambulation training Watch patient ambulate Use verbal cues Provide physical assistance

7 AMBULATION Limited Provide minimal physical assistance while patients ambulate

8 AMBULATION Extensive Most assistive level of ambulation training Provide much physical assistance

9 AMBULATION Wheelchair Encourage patients to use wheelchair with the least amount of assistance Use correct body mechanics

10 TRANSFER BELT Transfer belt Assistive device to help with ambulation Worn around patients waist Hold onto to provide patient support and balance Give patient security Also called gait belt

11 TRANSFER BELT Transfer belt safety Cannot be used on everyone Should not be used to lift or pull patients

12 THE FALLING PATIENT Reasons for falling when ambulating Role of an assistant

13 ASSISTIVE DEVICES FOR AMBULATION

14 CANE Cane Assistive device to help patients ambulate Provides stability Support weight

15 CANE Types of canes Single-tipped Multiple-tipped Hemiwalker

16 CANE Single-tipped cane One tip in contact with floor Curved or straight handle to grip Straight or offset shaft

17 CANE Multiple-tipped canes Tripod cane 3 tips in contact with floor Quad cane 4 tips in contact with floor Provide more stability and support

18 CANE Hemiwalkers or walkcanes 4 legs and a handlebar to grip Provide more stability and support

19 CANE Adjusting and using canes Must fit patient properly Grip should be level with patient s hip Must use correctly

20 CRUTCHES Crutches Assistive device for ambulation For patients who cannot bear weight on leg Provide support Do not provide stability

21 CRUTCHES Types of crutches Axillary Forearm Platform

22 CRUTCHES Axillary crutches Placed under arms Bear weight on hands Short term use Good upper body strength

23 CRUTCHES Forearm crutches Insert forearms into cuff Bear weight on hands Long term or permanent use Some upper body strength

24 CRUTCHES Platform crutches Patients who cannot bear weight on hands Forearms strapped into platforms Long term or permanent use Least upper body strength

25 CRUTCHES Adjusting crutches All health care workers need to know if crutches fit properly Each type is different

26 CRUTCHES Using crutches correctly 4-point gait 2-point gait 3-point gait Swing-to gait Swing-through gait

27 WALKER Walker Assistive device for ambulation Provide stability Provide support

28 WALKER Types of walkers Standard Rolling Platform

29 WALKER Standard walker Patient lifts walker to move forward

30 WALKER Rolling walker Wheels allow patient to push to move forward

31 WALKER Platform walkers Patients bear weight on their forearms when moving forward

32 WALKER Adjusting walkers properly Handlebars level with patient s hip Using walkers properly

33 RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES

34 RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES Full range of motion (ROM) Normal direction and distance through which a joint moves Limited ROM Reduction in normal movement of joint

35 RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES Range of motion exercises Increases flexibility

36 RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES Range of motion exercises Role of an assistant

37 RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES Levels of ROM assistance Active ROM exercises Active assistive ROM exercises Passive ROM exercises Resistive ROM exercises

38 RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES Active ROM exercises Least assistive Patient can do full ROM exercises without being watched or helped

39 RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES Active assistive ROM exercises Patient can move joint Health care worker needs to move joint through full range of motion

40 RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES Passive ROM exercises Most assistive Patient cannot move joint Health care worker assists to move joint through limited ROM

41 RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES Resistive ROM exercises Health care worker provides resistance Patient does full ROM Strengthens muscles

42 RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES Guidelines for ROM exercises Explain Expose Support Move slowly, gently, and smoothly Do not force

43 RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES Range of motion terms and movements

44 PERFORMING PASSIVE ROM EXERCISES Passive ROM exercises Most assistive level Patient cannot move joint Health care worker moves joint through limited ROM

45 COLD AND HEAT APPLICATIONS

46 COLD AND HEAT APPLICATIONS Cold applications Decrease bleeding, reduce swelling and relieve pain Cold packs and compresses Heat applications Promote healing, relieve pain and decrease stiffness Heating pads and hot soaks

47 COLD AND HEAT APPLICATIONS Cold and heat applications Role of an assistant

48 COLD AND HEAT APPLICATIONS Cold and heat application safety to prevent injury Too cold, too long can cause frostbite Too hot, too long can cause burns Elderly less sensitive to temperature

49 COLD AND HEAT APPLICATIONS Cold applications Constrict blood vessels so decrease bleeding and swelling Have numbing effect so relieve pain Used for acute or sudden injuries

50 COLD AND HEAT APPLICATIONS Types of cold applications Dry Moist

51 COLD AND HEAT APPLICATIONS Examples of dry cold applications Ice bag Cold aquamatic pad Examples of moist cold applications Cold compress Cold soak

52 COLD AND HEAT APPLICATIONS Heat applications Cause blood vessels to dilate improving healing Comfort relieving pain Relax muscles and joints decreasing stiffness Use for chronic conditions or acute injury

53 COLD AND HEAT APPLICATIONS Types of heat applications Dry Moist

54 COLD AND HEAT APPLICATIONS Examples of dry heat applications Hot pack Hot water bag Heating pad Hot aquamatic pad Examples of moist heat applications Hot compress

55 COLD AND HEAT APPLICATIONS Guidelines for cold and heat applications Check temperature Keep off skin Check patient frequently Check skin Listen for complaints Watch time

56 COLD PACK Cold pack characteristics

57 HOT SOAK Hot soak characteristics

58 SITZ BATH Sitz bath characteristics