Exercise Book GED Test SCIENCE SAMPLER. Mastering Essential Test Readiness Skills for High School Equivalency Exams

Transcription

1 Exercise Book 2014 GED Test Mastering Essential Test Readiness Skills for High School Equivalency Exams SCIENCE SAMPLER

2 Lesson 1.1 Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems This lesson will help you practice working with concepts related to human body systems. Use it with core Lesson 1.1 Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems to reinforce and apply your knowledge. Key Concept The skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems are examples of body systems. These systems work together to allow your body to react to the sights, sounds, tastes, odors, and physical contact that you encounter daily. Core Skills Integrate Content Presented in Different Ways Determine Central Ideas The Skeletal System Bones provide structure to your body and protect your internal organs. 1. Which statement gives the best example of evidence that bones are living tissue? A. Bones are made of calcium. B. A broken bone can grow back together again. C. Bones work together with muscles to allow body movements. D. Some joints are immovable while others allow a wide range of motion. 2. Bone marrow transplants can help people who have leukemia or other blood cancers. Using what you know about bone marrow, explain why a bone marrow transplant might help patient with these conditions. 3. A woman has joint pain in one of their knees. Which of the following is the most likely cause of that pain? A. cartilage damage B. a semi-mobile joint C. lack of bone marrow D. excess calcium in the diet 4. The shoulder is an example of a ball -and-socket joint while the knee is a hinge joint. How would bone movement be different if the knee were a ball-and-socket joint instead of a hinge? Test-Taking Tip When you have completed your response for a short-answer test item, re-read what you wrote to make sure that your idea is clearly represented. Then, reread the question. Finally, re-read your response again to make sure that you have addressed all aspects of the question in your answer. If you need to make changes, repeat this process. 1 Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems

3 The Muscular System Muscles move your body. They also make your internal organs work. 5. The muscular system and the skeletal system work together. Each of these systems also works with other body systems. Which word describes the main result of the skeletal system and muscular system working together? 8. The smooth muscles of the intestines are involuntary. Could a person survive if these muscles were voluntary? Defend your answer. A. digestion B. movement C. protection D. support 6. What attaches skeletal muscles to bones? 9. How does the muscular system and nervous system work together? A. ligaments B. tendons C. skin cells D. smooth muscles 7. Which statement best explains how muscles work to move joints? A. Muscles work in groups of three to bend or 10. Explain the relationship between joints, bones, muscles, and tendons. Then explain what might happen if a person has tendon damage. B. Muscles work in pairs to bend or C. Muscles work independently to bend or D. Muscles work with bones to bend or 2014 GED Test Exercise Book 2

4 Lesson 1.1 Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems The Nervous System Neurons in the brain, spinal cord, and body make up your nervous system. This network of neurons controls your body s actions and functions Directions: Use the diagram below to answer questions C E B D direction of electrical impulse A 11. The diagram shows a neuron. What is the purpose of the neuron structure labeled D? A. to carry chemical signals that are received from the cell body B. to move a nerve impulse along the neuron C. to transfer DNA from the nucleus along the neuron D. to change electrical messages to chemical messages 12. Which of these correctly describes the pathway of a nerve impulse through the neuron? A. E 1 D 1 C 1 B B. A 1 B 1 C 1 D C. C 1 B 1 D 1 E D. E 1 D 1 A 1 C 13. After a head injury, a person struggles with vision problems but does not have problems with any other senses or motor control. Which fact explains this person s experience? A. Different parts of the brain control different body functions. B. The brain contains 90 percent of the neurons in the body. C. The cerebellum coordinates movements of the muscles. 14. A student gathered data to compare the time it took blindfolded subjects to move their hands away from two surfaces. One surface was a cool temperature surface and the other surface was very hot. The student gathered data for 50 subjects and then calculated the average for each measurement. Which movement most likely took longer the movement away from the cool surface or the very hot surface? Explain your answer. D. The brain s hemispheres control the opposite sides of the body. 3 Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems

5 Rooted in the Common Core State Standards and College & Career Readiness Standards, Common Core Achieve is built on the core content instruction needed for all Common Core-based high school equivalency exams. Common Core Achieve includes Exercise Books for the 2014 GED exam in the four tested core content areas: READING & WRITING MATHEMATICS Science SOCIAL STUDIES Use with the Common Core Achieve Core Subject Modules for a complete solution that prepares students for test success while developing the foundation for ongoing college and career readiness. GO DIGITAL Common Core Achieve Online This online and LAN-based program provides test-specific core content instruction, practice, and assessment in Reading & Writing, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies. LearnSmart Achieve This online, adaptive test preparation program helps students study smarter, not longer. Available for Reading & Writing, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies, LearnSmart Achieve creates personalized study plans, and helps students focus on areas of weakness so study time can be maximized. PowerUP! Getting Started with Computers and Keyboarding This online program develops basic computer skills needed for computerbased test taking, college classes, and the twenty-first century workplace. GED, GED TESTING SERVICE, and GED PLUS are registered trademarks owned by American Council on Education ( ACE ). This [book/ material/content] is not endorsed or approved by ACE or the GED Testing Service LLC MHEonline.com CN13 M /13