Back School/Ergonomics 101 Method Management. Behavior Science & Intervention Strategies. Management & Intervention Strategies 12/21/2010

Transcription

1 Back School/Ergonomics 101 Behavior Science & Intervention Strategies Management & Intervention Strategies Why do people break the speed limit? Consequences? 1

2 Management & Intervention Strategies Why do people pick up a hot pan from a stove with an oven mitt? Consequences? Management & Intervention Strategies What happens when there is positive reinforcement of a high risk behavior? A habit is formed. Back School Back Facts & Ergonomics 2

3 Spinal Knowledge Pre Test 1. What percentage of the population will be affected by pain at some time in their lives? % 2. 80% 3. 50% 4. 90% Back Education Pretest 2. Back injuries are on the increase because: a) People are living longer. b) We spend much of our day in a forward bent position. c) Our medical record systems are more accurate in reporting them. d) General decline of individual physical fitness and health. e) b and d. Back Education Pretest True False 1. Most back problems are caused by a single one time injury. 2. Most back problems are the result of poor posture, stressful working conditions, faulty body mechanics and poor physical fitness. 3. Most potentially serious back injuries are caused by too much backward bending (arching) of the back. 4. Back injuries occur most frequently in men over The disks in your back can slip out of place, but can be easily manipulated to their pre-injury position. 3

4 Spinal Knowledge Test 1. What percentage of the population will be affected by pain at some time in their lives? % 2. 80% 3. 50% 4. 90% Just the basic facts please! 4

5 Role of the spine: Spinal Disks: Role of the spine: Spinal Disks: Purpose & function: Shock and stress absorber. Nutritional supply: Blood supply & synovial fluid. Role in movement: Vertebral body/disk relationship. Stress points. Role of the spine: Spinal injuries: Types/Rehab & Repair: Vertebral FX Muscular Disk Postural Catastrophic 5

6 Role of the spine: Spinal injuries: Role of the spine: Spinal injuries: *******Body Mechanics*******: Why do people perform poor body mechanics and lifting? Examples/list of poor body mechanics 6

7 Body Mechanics: Examples/list of poor body mechanics: Lifting with legs straight. Lifting with a narrow base of support. Lifting with the object away from the body. Lifting with feet pointed away from the object. Lifting an object without knowing the degree of weight. Lifting an object that is to heavy without assistance or mechanical mends. Body Mechanics: Examples/list of poor body mechanics: Muscles involved with poor body mechanics and lifting with legs straight: Effects on spine with load outside center of gravity: Effects on spine with narrow base of support. Effects on spine when lifting with feet pointed away from object. Effects of spine when lifting object with unknown weight: Body Mechanics: Proper body mechanics: Example of proper body mechanics and lifting techniques: Maintain natural curve of spine or neutral spine. Wide base of support. Bend at the hips & knees keeping shoulders in alignment with hips. Keep head up. Keep the load close to the body and under the legs. Keep the load at waist level if carrying is required. 7

8 Body Mechanics: Proper body mechanics: Example of proper body mechanics and lifting techniques: Muscles involved with proper techniques: Quads (8) Hip flexors (2) Glut med/max (4) Hamstrings (6) Abdominals (2) Back Injury Prevention Illinois Counties Risk Management Trust Stretching Benefits of stretching: Increases flexibility/elasticity of muscles Increases circulation to warm the muscles, improving mental alertness, reducing fatigue Decreases muscle tension and stress When to Stretch: Prior to starting your day During short breaks (at least once per hour) After breaks or lunch to prevent fatigue If tension or stress is apparent After a lengthy task duration or an extended awkward posture 8

9 Safe Liftin g Weigh t Limits Illinois Counties Risk Management Trust Body Mechanics Examples of poor body mechanics: Lifting with legs straight. Lifting with a narrow base of support. Lifting with the object away from the body. Lifting with feet pointed away from the object. Lifting an object without knowing the degree of weight. Lifting an object that is too heavy without assistance or mechanical mends. Back Injury Prevention Physical Fitness Illinois Counties Risk Management Trust 9

10 Body Mass Index Body Mass Index (BMI) is a number calculated from a person s weight and height. BMI is a reliable indicator of body fatness Formula: weight (lb) / [height (in)]2 x 703 Calculate BMI by dividing weight in pounds (lbs) by height in inches (in) squared and multiplying by a conversion factor of 703. or see chart Example: Weight = 185 lbs, Height = 5 10 (70") Calculation: [185 (70)2] x 703 = 26.5 or see chart BMI Categories: Underweight = <18.5 Normal weight = Overweight = Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater BMI One hundred forty million persons aged 20 and older are currently employed in the United States. 29% of them are obese (BMI > 30.0), up from 20% a decade ago. BMI is 1 of 4 risk factors for medical and physical problems - others waist circumference, family history, and lifestyle National BMI 10

11 What we can do We can change our BMI, waist circumference, & lifestyle But I m too Old Studied 7867 adults aged 51 to 61 years in 1992 to 1996 Study Conclusions. Maintaining ideal body weight is important in preventing decline in overall health and physical functioning. However, regular exercise can reduce the risk of health decline even among individuals who cannot achieve ideal weight. (Am J Public Health. 2004;94: ) But I m too Old Behavior Everything begins & ends with behavior Changing Bad Behavior/Bad Habits 1. Look at the untold negative for Motivation 2. Conscious decision in a change friendly environment for days Only I can change my life. No one can do it for me Carol Burnett 11

12 Body Mechanics: Proper body mechanics review questions: 1. What position should the spine be when lifting? 2. If a person uses good body mechanics, he/she should be able to lift any weight within reason? 3. Explain why it is important to keep the load you are lifting as close to your body as possible? 4. Why is it important to have strong stomach or abdominals when lifting? Risk Management Controls Employee Drug Testing: Pre-employment Reasonable Suspicion Post Accident Fitness for Duty Exams: EFT JD accuracy Engineering Controls Lift Straps Bracing Lift Trucks and Hand Carts Consistent Application of P&P Safety and Operations Survey Daily Safety Integration Prevention Involves avoiding negative outcomes through the development and implementation of: Best Practices policies, procedures and protocols based upon current practice standards and regulatory requirements. Staff training Consistent implementation of interventions Supervision and monitoring 12

13 Damage Control Prompt reporting of actual incidents Comprehensive investigation of actual incidents. Corrective actions to prevent reoccurrence Managing/monitoring the W/C claim Hiring Process Overview Job Descriptions ex: MM can assist with DOT Essential Function Testing (EFT) & Post Job Offer Drug Testing Orientation Risk Manager (RM) Function Essential Functions Test (EFT) It is a functional physical - it tests the essential job functions per an accurate job description. Performed by a Healthcare Professional. Usually a PT, OT, COTA, or PTA at the Occupational Health Provider. Costs anywhere from $25 to $80 in the state of IL. NOT a Functional Capacity Evaluation EFT (30 minutes) typically includes: EFT Medical Hx Form Template.doc EFT Testing Form Template.doc It is NOT a physician physical which reveals nothing about the candidate s ability to perform essential functions. 13

14 Essential Functions Testing Why do it? A University of Massachusetts Study found that: 10% of the American Workforce is physically not capable of safely performing the job they were hired for 75% of injuries in the workplace occur within this group In 2000 Health & Safety Services, Inc. determined that: The most likely indicators of future injury are based on an individuals medical history. Many impairments are not evident in a typical doctor s employment physical exam, x-rays, or lab work Essential Functions Testing When can you do it? Post Job Offer: After an applicant has been offered a job, the employer may ask medical questions or require a physical if it does so for all the employees in the same position (TAM) Current Employees Employee is demonstrating difficulty or an inability to perform an essential function of the job. (ADA,TAM VI-13) Employee complains of difficulty performing an essential function of the job (ADA, TAM VI-13) Employee is returning to work after an injury or illness (ADA, TAM VI-12) Employer has a reasonable belief, based on objective evidence, that employee may pose a direct threat to himself or others. Template EFT Policy.doc Illicit Drug Use Nationally 19.5 million (8.3%) of Americans are current illicit drug users 12.4 million (75% of current drug users) employed full or part time Marijuana (14.6 million) is the most commonly used illicit drug Cocaine second (2 million) Hallucinogen (1.2 million) and 166,000 current heroin users. Oxycontin (1.9 million) 2005 Meth Lab Data.pdf Source: 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Conducted by Department of Health & Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration National (SAMHSA) 14

15 Types of Employee Drug Testing Post Offer Random Suspicion Post Accident Template Drug Testing Policy.doc Safety Policy Statement The personal safety and health of each employee is of primary importance to this business and its management personnel. All employees will be trained on the safe use of equipment before that employee is expected to operate it. No employee is expected to work at a job he or she knows is not safe. All employees are encouraged and expected to help detect and control hazards that can cause injuries and to inform the supervisor immediately of any unsafe situations or if you have any questions about safety. Performance Evaluations encourages the employer to include, as part of the performance review, safety related performance objectives, measures, and expectations, especially for supervisory positions. Safety goals/objectives should be measurable, attainable, and reasonable. Accountability should be built into the system with goals/objectives tied into the individual s annual/periodic performance review. 15

16 Performance Evaluation Sample for Staff: Assists in the creation of a safety culture by working in a safe manner; reports unsafe situations and accidents; follows safety procedures; requests and uses safety equipment and safety techniques; and participates in safety training. Leader Performance Management Guidelines.doc Administrator/Executive Director: should include all initiatives Risk Management 101 Closing: Q & A: 16