International Handbook of Phobic and Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents

Transcription

1 International Handbook of Phobic and Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents

2 Issues in Clinical Child Psychology Series Editors: Michael C. Roberts, University of Kansas-Lawrence, Kansas Lizette Peterson, University of Missouri-Columbia, Missouri BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS OF PEDIATRIC BURNS Edited by Kenneth J. Tarnowski CHILDREN AND DISASTERS Edited by Conway F. Saylor HANDBOOK OF DEPRESSION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS Edited by William M. Reynolds and Hugh F. Johnston INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF PHOBIC AND ANXIETY DISORDERS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Neville J. King, and William Yule MENTAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONS WITH PRESCHOOL CHILDREN Robert D. Lyman and Toni L. Hembree-Kigin A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.

3 International Handbook of Phobic and Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia Neville J. King Monash University Clayton, Victoria, Australia and William Yule University of London l.ijndon, England SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC

4 Library of Congress Catalog1ng-1n-PublIcatton Data International handbook of phobic and anxiety disorders In children and adolescents / edited by Thomas H. Ollendlck, Neville J. King, and William Yule. p. cm. (Issues in clinical child psychology) Includes bibliographical references and Index. ISBN Anxiety In children. 2. Phobias 1n children. 3. Anxiety In adolescence. I. Ollendlck, Thomas H. II. King, Neville J. III. Yule, William. IV. Series. RJ506.A58I \8522 dc CIP ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Springer Science+Business Media New York 1994 Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1994 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1994 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

5 Contributors Albert J. Allen, Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Maryland Jessie C. Anderson, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's Pavilion, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand Paula M. Barrett, Department of Psychology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia Deborah C. Beidel, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina Gail A. Bernstein, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota Nigel Blagg, Nigel Blagg Associates, Taunton, Somerset TAIIDG, United Kingdom Derek Bolton, Institute of Psychiatry, University of London, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom Mark R. Dadds, Department of Psychology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia Timothy K. Daugherty, Department of Psychology, The Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina Francine A. D'Elia, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine and Bradley Hospital, East Providence, Rhode Island E. Steven Dummit, III, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York Janet Dunbar, Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas Nese Erol, Department of Child Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Al J. Finch, Jr., Department of Psychology, The Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina v

6 vi Contributors Antonio C. Fonseca, Department of Psychology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000, Portugal Greta Francis, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine and Bradley Hospital, East Providence, Rhode Island Elizabeth A. Gosch, Department of Psychology, Thmple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Martin Herbert, Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4Q6, United Kingdom EUzabeth Murdoch James, Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Thxas Philip C. Kendall, Department of Psychology, Thmple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Neville J. King, Department of Education, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia Rachel G. Klein, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York Henrietta L. Leonard, Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Maryland Thomas H. OUendick, Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia P. Michael PoUtano, Department of Psychology, The Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina Pier J. M. Prins, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018 w'b. Amsterdam, The Netherlands Brian Rabian, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi Jeff Randall, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Ronald M. Rapee, School of Behavioural Sciences, Macquaire University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia Judith L. Rapoport, Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Maryland Cecil R. Reynolds, Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas Steven K. Shapiro, Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama Wendy K. Silverman, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199

7 Susan H. Spence, Department of Psychology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia Cyd C. Strauss, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Susan E. Swedo, Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Maryland vii Contributors Bruce Thoge, Centre for Developmental Psychiatry, Monash Medical Center, Clayton, Victoria, Australia John Scott Werry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Auckland, Auckland 3, New Zealand William Yule, Institute of Psychiatry, University of London, London, SE5 8AP, United Kingdom

8 Preface Every so often one has the opportunity to undertake a project that is both challenging and rewarding. Such was the case for us with this book. For years, we, the editors, have corresponded with one another about matters of mutual interest, each other's clinics, and collaborated on active clinical and research projects. What has made this relationship both challenging and highly rewarding is the fact that one of us resides in the United States, another in Australia, and another in Great Britain. Although our countries and cultures are similar in many ways, there are subtle differences in philosophies, clinical practice, and research methodologies, to say nothing of time zones and "correct" spellings of frequently used words! Personal and professional relationships are put to test under such conditions. Fortunately, ours has survived and has become the better for it. A few years ago, at an international conference, we met and formulated the ideas for this project. We were determined to undertake a project that was international in scope, interdisciplinary in focus, and interactive in development. In addition, we resolved to attract leading scholars, researchers, and clinicians from different countries to contribute to this venture. We believe that we have reached our goals and provided the professional community with a truly international and interdisciplinary body of work. The contributions from many luminaries in the field are scholarly and provocative. Hopefully, their chapters will contribute to the advancement of theory, research, and practice in this burgeoning field of interest. In Part I, our contributors explore issues related to understanding phobic and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Critical among the many potential issues are those related to etiology, diagnosis and classification, epidemiology, and cultural influences. Our international group of contributors have addressed these issues with flair and considerable precision. In Part II, our contributors discuss individual phobic and anxiety disorders frequently observed in children and adolescents. Although the precise disorders change with everevolving diagnostic classification schemes, the major disorders included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) are described. The contributors present these disorders with thoughtfulness, thoroughness, and sensitivity to cross-cultural and developmental issues. In Part III, the authors examine specific assessment strategies. Structured diagnostic interviews, self-report instruments, behavior checklists and rating forms, behavioral obserix

9 x Preface vation, physiological assessment, and projective assessment are all described in detail. Moreover, the authors articulate their theoretical underpinnings and highlight their uses through case presentations. Finally, in Part IV, our contributors explore the treatment and prevention of childhood and adolescent phobic and anxiety disorders. Family systems, cognitive-behavioral, and psychopharmacological interventions are detailed and preventive strategies are put forth. Our contributors have done an excellent job of identifying issues and, at the same time, providing us with treatment and prevention stategies. All in all, we are extremely pleased with this book and hope that the reader will be as well. An effort such as this requires the efforts of many people, including our families who put up with many late night or early morning phone calls and weeknight and weekend editing chores; our secretaries at our respective institutions who labored with the many drafts; the editorial staff at Plenum Press who displayed considerable patience, encouragement, and assistance in bringing this project to fruition, and, finally, the many contributors. Without them, this project would not have been possible. To them and their hard work on behalf of children and adolescents with phobic and anxiety disorders, we dedicate this effort. THOMAS H. Ou.ENnICK NEVILLE J. KINo WILUAM YULE

10 Contents I. ISSUES IN PHOBIC AND ANXIETY DISORDERS OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 1. Etiological Considerations... 3 Martin Herbert 2. Diagnostic and Classification Issues John Scott Werry 3. Epidemiological Issues Jessie C. Anderson 4. Cross-Cultural Issues Antonio C. Fonseca, William Yule, and Nese Erol II. SPECIFIC PHOBIC AND ANXIETY DISORDERS OF CHILDHOOD S. Specific Phobias Wendy K. Silverman and Brian Rabian 6. Social Phobia Deborah C. Beidel and Jeff Randall 7. Avoidant Disorder Greta Francis and Francine A. D' Elia xi

11 xii Contents 8. Separation Anxiety Disorder Bruce Tonge 9. School Refusal Nigel Blagg and William Yule 10. Overanxious Disorder Cyd C. Strauss 11. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 207 Henrietta L. Leonard, Susan E. Swedo, Albert 1. Allen, and Judith L. Rapoport 12. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. 223 William Yule 13. Panic Disorder 241 E. Steven Dummit, III, and Rachel G. Klein 14. Anxiety in Medical Settings Pier 1. M. Prins III. SPECIFIC ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES IS. Structured Diagnostic Interviews Wendy K. Silverman 16. Self-Report Instruments Elizabeth Murdoch James, Cecil R. Reynolds, and Janet Dunbar 17. Behavior Checklists and Rating Forms Timothy K. Daugherty and Steven K. Shapiro 18. Behavioral Observation Mark R. Dadds, Ronald M. Rapee, and Paula M. Barrett 19. Physiological Assessment... 36S Neville 1. King

12 20. Projective Thchniques Al 1. Finch, Jr., and P. Michael Politano xiii Contents Iv. SPECIFIC TREATMENT AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES 21. Family Systems Interventions Derek Bolton 22. Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions Philip C. Kendall and Elizabeth A. Gosch 23. Psychopharmacological Interventions Gail A. Bernstein Preventative Strategies Susan H. Spence Author Index 475 Subject Index 493