Educational Psychology In Agriculture

Transcription

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2 Educational Psychology In Agriculture Pujari Daivadeenam Professor of Agricultural Extension Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati (A.P.) 2002 ATPA AGROTECH PUBLISHING ACADEMY UDAIPUR

3 Publisher by: Geeta Somani Agrotech Publishing Academy UDAIPUR Phone : Agrotech Publishing Academy First Published : 2002 ISBN : Typeset by: Apex Computing Centre 11, University Road UDAIPUR Phone : Printed by: Print Line New Delhi

4 Preface The idea of writing the book on Educational Psychology in Agriculture is to fullfill the gap in the psychology course offered to the M.Sc.(Ag) and Ph.D. students of Extension Education. Psychology course has been introduced in the Agricultural Universities for the students of Agriculture, Veterinary, Dairy, Fisheries and Home Science. Irrespective of the field, wherever, there is a need for educating and motivating the people, the scientists and professionalists shall find this book very useful. It is specially addressed to the P.G. Students of behavioural sciences in general and the students of Agricultural Universities in particular, who are interested to learn more on various facets of farming community in a rural setting. I had the privilege of teaching the course on Psychology and my experience in field extension and participation in trainings for several years, made me to get enough material and concepts, which have helped me in widening the horizons and also to give enough examples from the field situation. Apart from that, the term papers submitted by the P.G. Students, Department of Agricultural Extention, S.V. Agricultral College, Tirupati also helped me in consolidating their thinking in various chapters of the book. I hope this book will be extremely useful to the P.G. students, research scholars and Extension Specialists, who are engaged in the noble task of improving the Socio-Economic status of rural poor. I express my thanks to the several sources from which I have drawn information for writing this book.

5 4 EducationalPsychologyinAgriculture My sincere thanks to the P.G. Students, Department of Agricultural Extension, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati for their help and assistance in bringing out this book. My thanks are due to my wife Smt. P. Jayalakshmi, Son Mr. P. Gopi Krishna, Daughter Kum. P. Meena Kumari for their continuous support during the period of writing this book. Finally, I invite suggestions from readers for improving this book. Station : Tirupati Pujari Daivadeenam Dated : Professor & Head Department of Agricultural Extension S.V. Agricultural College, TIRUPATI (A.P.)

6 CONTENTS Preface PSYCHOLOGY Introduction, Origin of Psychology, Nature and Meaning of Psychology (Psychology as a Science, Developing or Positive Science), Definitions / Concepts of Psychology, Scope of Psychology, General Psychology and Education Psychology, Aims / Purposes / Objective / Contribution of Psychology, Branches of Psychology, Scientific Method of Psychology, Importance / Use of Psychology in Extension Work. 2. EDUCATION PSYCHOLOGY Introduction, Origin of Educational Psychology, Nature of Educational Psychology, Meaning of Educational Psychology, Definitions/Concepts of Educational Psychology, Scope of Educational Psychology, Aims/purpose/Objectives of Educational Psychology, Theory and Practice of Education and Psychology. Methods of Educational Psychology, Educational Psychology as Applied to Extension, Need/Importance/Use of Educational Psychology in Extension Work. 3. METHODS OF STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGY Objective methods-characteristics, types and their merits and demerits. Subjective Methods-Characteristics, Types and their Merits and Demerits. 4. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Heredity and Environment, Defintions of Heridity, Definitions of Environment, Relative importance of Heredity and Environment, Experiments Performed by Hereditarians, Experiments Performed by Environmentalists, Growth and Development -

7 6 Educational Psychology in Agriculture Definitions, General Nature, Differences between Growth & Development, Stages of Growth & Development. Various Aspects of Growth & Development. Principles of Growth & Development. Maturation-Introduction, Definition Development Tasks - Why we study? Stages of Development. 5. PERSONALITY Meaning and Nature, Definitions of Personality, Importance of Personality, Traits of Personality, Characteristics of Personality, Factors influencing Growth and Development of Personality, Theories of Personality, Types of Personality, Methods of Measuring Personality, Advantages of Personality Disadvantages of Personality. 6. PERCEPTION Introduction, Nature and Meaning of Perception Definitions of Perception, Stages in Perception Characteristics of Perception, Determinants of Perception, Principles of Perception, Factors affecting Perception of Rural People, Perception as a barrier to Extension Work, Importance and Role of Perception in Extension work. 7. EMOTIONS Introduction, Meaning of Emotions, Definitions of Emotion, Characteristics of Emotion, Instincts: Meaning, Definition, Instincts with their Associated Emotions, Changes in body due to Emotions, Factors Influencing Emotional Development, Methods of Training of Emotions, Effects of Emotions on Behaviour of Rural People, Kind/Types of Emotions, Extension worker Role in Regulation of Balanced Emotional Development of Farmers, Importance/Role of Emotions in Extension Work.

8 Contents 7 8. FRUSTRATION Introduction, Nature and Meaning of Frustration, Definitions of Frustration, Scope of Frustration in Extension Work, Approaches to Frustration, Causes / Factors for Frustration / Other Factors that lead to Frustration, Types of Frustration, Reactions/Effects due to Frustration and how to overcome, Physiological Effects of Frustration on Individual, Importance / Role / Significance / Purpose of Frustration in Extension Work. 9. INTELLIGENCE Introduction, Nature & Meaning, Definitions, Workable Definition, Scope of Intelligence in Extension Work, Characteristics of Intelligence, Types/Kinds of Intelligence, Factors Affecting Intelligence. Theories of Intelligence, Intelligence Tests, Intelligence Quotient (IQ), Importance of Intelligence in Extension Work. 10. MOTIVATION Introduction, Nature and Meaning. Definitions, Scope of motivation - Needs, Drives and Motives, Definition of Motive, Characteristics of Motives, Types of Motives, Achievement Motivation - Definition, Characteristics of Persons having Achievement Motivation, Conditions of Achievement Motivation, Measurement of Achievement Motivation, Kinds/Types of Motivations. Theories of Motivation, Motivation Cycle Importance/Role of Motivation in Extension Work/How to Motivate the People to Learn. 11. LEARNING Introduction, Meaning, Definitions, Learning Situation, Learning Experience, Nature of Learning, Scope of Learning, Factors Affecting Learning/Principles of Learning, Learning Curves, Types

9 8 Educational Psychology in Agriculture of Learning Curves, Characteristics of Learning Curves, Educational Implications of Learning Curves, Plateaus in Learning, Causes of Plateaus, Elimination of Plateaus, Learning of Skills, Developing or Improving Skills, Measurement of Learning, Theories of Learning, Types of Learning, Group Psychology and its Effect on Learning, Adult Learning in Extension, Principles of Adult Learning, Psychological Factors in Adult Learning, Importance of Learning in Extension Work. 12. FORGETTING Introduction, Nature and Meaning, Definitions, Scope of Forgetting, Forgetting Curves, Kinds of Forgetting Curves, Reasons for Forgetting/Why we Forget. Theories of Forgetting, Types/Kinds of Forgetting, Importance of Forgetting in Extention Work. 13. KNOWLEDGE, SKILL, ATTITUDES AND THEIR RELATION WITH DIFFERENT PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS Knowledge : Introduction, Needs vs. Awareness, Types of Knowledge, Role of Change Agents in bringing about three types of Knowledge, Knowledge Tests. Skills : Introduction, Definitions, Types of Skills, Developing (or) Improving Skills. Attitudes : Introduction, Definitions, Nature of Characteristics of Attitudes. Formation/Development of Attitudes, Factors Influencing the Formation (or) Development of Attitudes, Measurement of Attitudes. Generalisations : Relating Knowledge, Skill and Attitudes to Different Psychological Concepts.

10 Contents RESEARCH FINDINGS ON PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS Knowledge, Attitude, Skill, Perception, Motivation, Achievement Motivation, Learning, Emotions 15. PRACTICALS Measurement of "Personality" of an Individual by Using 16 P.F. Test 2. Measurement of Perception of an Individual by Using Selection and Grouping Test 3. Measurement of Emotions of an Individual by Using Judgement of Emotions from Facial Expression Test 4. Measurement of Intelligence of an individual by Using Raven s Progressive Matrices Test 5. Measurement of "Learning" of an Individual by Using Transfer of Training Method Test. 6. Practical aspects studied with regard to different Psychological Traits viz., Personality, Perception, Emotions, Frustrations, Intelligence, Motivation, Learning and Forgetting of Farmers in Villages BIBLIOGRAPHY SUBJECT INDEX

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