Executive Summary. Future Research in the NSF Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Submitted by Population Association of America October 15, 2010
|
|
- Claud Lynch
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Executive Summary Future Research in the NSF Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Submitted by Population Association of America October 15, 2010 The Population Association of America (PAA) is the premiere professional, scientific society for over 3,000 behavioral and social scientists who conduct research on the implications of population change. PAA members include demographers, sociologists, economists, health scientists, and statisticians. Population scientists rely on the National Science Foundation (NSF) for its support of large-scale longitudinal surveys, such as the General Social Survey and Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Population scientists also pursue NSF support for their own research projects and centers. The organization s recommendations reflect a desire that the NSF Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE) Directorate will maintain and expand its investment in data infrastructure while also funding targeted, novel areas of research, over the next decade. The PAA recommends the NSF SBE Directorate pursue future research in five major areas: Challenge Area #1: Human Capital Investment and the Geography of Families Challenge Area #2: New Data for Studying American Families Challenge Area #3: Causal Inference in Demography Challenge Area #4: Behavioral Epigenetics and Epidemiology Challenge Area #5: The Study of Behavior Change This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. 1
2 SBE 2020: Future Research in the Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Comments from the Population Association of America October 15, 2010 Thank you for the opportunity to comment on future research directions for the Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE) Directorate at the National Science Foundation (NSF). The following recommendations are based on input from members of the Population Association of America (PAA) ( PAA is the premiere professional, scientific society for over 3,000 behavioral and social scientists who conduct research on the implications of population change. PAA members include demographers, sociologists, economists, health scientists, and statisticians. Their diverse range of research interests include population aging, disability, adolescent health, family formation and dissolution, population forecasting, poverty, health disparities, immigration and migration, mortality, and fertility. Population scientists rely on NSF for its support of large-scale longitudinal surveys, such as the General Social Survey and Panel Study of Income Dynamics. These surveys are essential, seminal resources population scientists use universally. Population scientists also pursue NSF support for their own research projects and centers. Our recommendations reflect a desire the NSF SBE Directorate will maintain and expand its investment in data infrastructure while also funding targeted, novel areas of research, over the next decade. Further, inherent in all of our recommendations is a hope NSF will maintain and expand its support of comparative international social and demographic research. Challenge Area #1: Human Capital Investment and the Geography of Families Why should theoretical models be developed and data collected to improve knowledge about the determinants and consequences of family geography? From investments in children's human capital to caregiving for aging parents, family issues have salience for research and public policy. No academic discipline has a monopoly on the study of families. Demography, economics, psychology, and sociology are all implicated. Most exciting work is explicitly interdisciplinary, and much research not explicitly interdisciplinary often uses insights from other disciplines. Typically, social science research focuses on households, often blurring or ignoring the distinction between households and families. Households are often the sampling units for data collection, making information about non-resident family members unavailable. Yet many important family relationships are across households, and who lives with whom, and who lives near whom, is endogenous. Investments in children's human capital are made by families and by the state (e.g., public schools.) Research on investments in children's human capital is rapidly progressing. Heckman and his collaborators, including both economists and personality psychologists, 2
3 have expanded the notion of human capital beyond cognitive skills to include health and socio-emotional skills. (See Heckman, James J "Skill Formation and the Economics of Investing in Disadvantaged Children." Science, Vol. 312, 30 June 2006, ) One objective of Heckman's research program is estimation of the relationship between "inputs" (e.g., of parental time) and "outputs" such as cognitive and socio-emotional outcomes for children. This exciting interdisciplinary work deserves support. The degree to which families invest in their children's human capital varies. We need a better understanding of why families invest in children's human capital. The anomalous behavior may be of families that invest a lot rather than of families that invest a little. Especially in economics, studies of investments in children's human capital have focused on children reared in "traditional nuclear families." Sociologists generally look beyond traditional nuclear families and consider single-parent families. Yet even sociologists tend to focus on parents investments. Other family members investments (e.g., grandparents) are generally ignored. Many children, especially from low SES families, grow up in close proximity to their grandparents and other relatives. Close proximity facilitates time transfers (e.g., for childcare by grandparents), but we know virtually nothing about the effects of family proximity on cognitive and socio-emotional outcomes for children. Economists usually treat migration and location decisions as if they were made based primarily on labor market variables (e.g., wages; unemployment rates). Other family members (e.g., parents, siblings) are assumed no role in these decisions and, hence, family geography emerges as the almost accidental by-product of these decisions. We know little about factors determining the proximity of young adults to their parents. There is, however, some evidence suggesting that family considerations play a substantial role in location/migration behavior. Family proximity affects mothers' labor force participation, long-term care of disabled elderly and, perhaps, the cognitive and socio-emotional development of children. By encouraging new theoretical models and improved data collection, the SBE Directorate will enhance understanding of the determinants and consequences of family geography Challenge Area #2: New Data for Studying American Families Are existing datasets inadequate to study the changing American family? An emerging "grand challenge" is the ability to capture accurately evolving demographics of the American family. Without more sophisticated data collection over the next decade, researchers will be hard-pressed to analyze changing dynamics of the American family accurately and comment appropriately on the implications of these changes. Demographers agree a representative panel of the American family, designed to study family dynamics, does not exist currently. The National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) is very dated and has some design problems, limiting its usefulness for studying contemporary family issues. The National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) 3
4 is one of the leading datasets to study family dynamics, but it is not a panel and, thus, inherently limited. The Current Population Survey (CPS) marriage and fertility history supplements were discontinued. As a consequence, family demographers must use outdated datasets designed for other purposes. No existing data sets can be used to study newly-emerged aspects of the American family, including: increasing incidence of cohabitation and movements in and out of that union type; emerging blended families that include children from multiple marriages; growing intergenerational linkages from prime-age families to their adult children and to their increasingly surviving parents; and, increasing instability of household type (married, single, divorced, cohabiting) experienced by children over the course of their childhood. The frontiers of demography are studying these topics, yet the data are inadequate. Neither advancement in methods nor philosophy can circumvent the need for better data. If NSF is interested in advancing the discipline of demography, it should support the creation of a new national-panel on the dynamics of the American family. Challenge Area #3: Causal Inference in Demography Why does demography need its own methodology for causal inference? The field of demography has evolved in many different directions over the past decades, but one significant direction is in making causal inferences about the determinants of demographic outcomes like marriage, cohabitation, fertility, migration, urbanization, and other classic population variables. Like other social science disciplines, demography has not, historically, focused on rigorous methods of establishing causality, tending instead to assume causality when it seemed intuitively reasonable, or else settling for "proximate" determinants (namely, closely preceding events, even if not truly causal). However, most social science disciplines (economics, political science, public policy) as well as applied statistics have become increasingly concerned with causality. In statistics, Rubin and his coauthors have conceptualized causality in terms of counterfactual outcomes (i.e., what would have happened to a person if causal event X had not occurred). In economics, the work of Heckman, Imbens, Angrist, and others has clarified the counterfactual framework in applications to economic behavior and outcomes, and practical methods have developed for determining causality empirically. However, causality establishment in demography has not emerged for four major reasons: A large fraction of the applications in disciplines like economics have been to studying the causal impacts of public programs, laws, policies, and related variables. Demography, while occasionally interested in these kinds of questions, 4
5 is more interested in the fundamental determinants of demographic outcomes (e.g., trends in the American family). Many applications in statistics and other social disciplines have been "black box" in character--the "effect" of X on y is established, but no inferences can be made about the mechanisms or channels by which X affects y. Demographers, because of their interest in fundamental causes, are inherently interested in mechanisms or channels. Many methods in statistics involve explicit randomization (i.e., experiments). This approach is not possible in demography. Many applications in economics seek to maximize internal validity at the expense of external validity by studying narrow "natural experiments" on special populations or in special circumstances, which are unlikely to be generalized. Demographers are interested in population-level statistics and need to generalize to the population level. A fresh, directed attempt is necessary to establish methods for causality determination in demography. Research is necessary to adapt existing methods to demographic questions, since other disciplines methods are not applicable, and to develop new methods. Further, illustrative applications are needed to test causality determination in specific areas like marriage, fertility, and other outcomes. SBE is positioned to unite demographers with statisticians and methodologists from other social disciplines, and groups of practitioners interested in specific demographic questions, and advance this methodology for demographic research. Challenge Area #4: Behavioral Epigenetics and Epidemiology Will behavioral epigenetics revolutionize both genetic and social epidemiology? In a well-cited paper, 2004, Szyf, Meaney, and others demonstrated that social interactions can change the way genes function. They showed that rat pups who received the least amount of nurturing from their mothers also had the highest levels of methylated DNA at loci on the genome that are linked to glococortoid reception. These rats demonstrated a greater vulnerability to stress because they were physiologically limited in their health stress response due to blocked (methylated) DNA. If these same mechanisms exist in human beings, then these research implications are profound for many reasons: a. This research would provide a physical record of social environmental influences on human bodies. Accurately accounting for differences in genotype and epigenetic processes will reduce error variance and strengthen estimates of environmental influence. 5
6 b. If the social environment limits (or enables) the function of certain genes then misspecification (or lack of attention) to the complexities of the social environment may impede researchers from finding genetic loci linked to a number of different phenotypes. To date, little research has extended these results to human beings. Methylated DNA is tissue specific and many mechanisms of interest to social scientific communities are neurologically oriented; taking tissue samples from a living brain has some obvious limitations for most ongoing studies. Some work has examined post-mortem brain tissue and the results are consistent with the aforementioned animal studies. Large sample sizes (an expensive endeavor given the current costs of epigenotyping ), population- based sampling techniques (rather than case control studies limited to one phenotype), and environmental variation are required to evaluate properly how the environment influences epigenetic processes. Environmental variation is critical because it is associated w directly with detecting effects. Further, this factor begs the question, what is the environment? To answer, we need consensus on the following questions: At what level do we conceptualize the social environment (e.g., individual, peergroup, family, residential area, workplace, schools, etc.)? What domains of the social environment are the most important (e.g., cultural norms, institutional resources, environmental exposures such as pollution, etc.) Existing studies (see the Phenx project) are organizing common measures of the environment for genome-wide association studies, but to date there is little consensus. A number disciplines could collaborate on this topic, including: medicine, public health, demography, sociology, physical anthropology, social and genetic epidemiology, biostatistics, applied mathematics, and bioinformatics. Challenge Area #5: The Study of Behavior Change Can basic behavioral science elucidate what factors influence people to adopt positive behaviors, change behaviors and/or maintain behavior change? Research advances that could positively affect the health and well being of individuals and society are ineffective if never adopted. For example, research demonstrates consistently the benefits of exercise yet, few people participate in regular physical activity. Individuals know the environment benefits when communities recycle and conserve energy however, these socially oriented behaviors are not adopted universally. By encouraging interdisciplinary research collaboration among, for example, sociology, demography, and psychology, SBE could help unlock the underlying mechanisms affecting maintenance of behavior change. 6
Social Change in the 21st Century
Social Change in the 21st Century The Institute for Futures Studies (IF) conducts advanced research within the social sciences. IF promotes a future-oriented research perspective, and develops appropriate
More informationCore Competencies. Course Key. HPH 550: Theories of Health Behavior & Communication
: Contemporary Issues in Public Health : Introduction to the Research Process : Biostatistics I : Biostatistics II : Health Systems Performance : Epidemiology for Public Health : Environmental & Occupational
More informationEffects of Interviewer-Respondent Familiarity on Contraceptive Use and Abortion Data
Effects of Interviewer-Respondent Familiarity on Contraceptive Use and Abortion Data Guy Stecklov Alex Weinreb Mariano Sana Problems with reproductive health data in non-western settings are widely noted,
More informationShaping the Economics of Happiness: The Fundamental Contributions of Richard A. Easterlin
I Shaping the Economics of Happiness: The Fundamental Contributions of Richard A. Easterlin Holger Hinte and Klaus F. Zimmermann Did it take a global economic and financial crisis to remind us that money
More informationA user s perspective on key gaps in gender statistics and gender analysis *
UNITED NATIONS SECRETARIAT ESA/STAT/AC.122/10 Department of Economic and Social Affairs December 2006 Statistics Division English only Inter-Agency and Expert Group Meeting on the Development of Gender
More informationDOCTORAL PROGRAM PhD in SOCIAL WELFARE
DOCTORAL PROGRAM PhD in SOCIAL WELFARE explore. Berkeley is the highest ranked public university in the world. Our social welfare faculty are the top scholars in the field. Our social welfare graduate
More informationCHAPTERS 1-2. Developmental Psychology. A Topical Approach to Lifespan Development
CHAPTERS 1-2 Developmental Psychology A Topical Approach to Lifespan Development Chapter one - Introduction The Lifespan Perspective You will be encouraged to think about how your early experiences have
More informationPrinciples of Sociology
Principles of Sociology DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS ATHENS UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS [Academic year 2017/18, FALL SEMESTER] Lecturer: Dimitris Lallas Principles of Sociology 4th Session Sociological
More informationSOC-SOCIOLOGY (SOC) SOC-SOCIOLOGY (SOC) 1
SOC-SOCIOLOGY (SOC) 1 SOC-SOCIOLOGY (SOC) SOC 101G. Introductory Sociology Introduction to social theory, research, methods of analysis, contemporary issues in historical and cross-cultural contexts. Covers
More informationEvidence Based Practice Position Statement
Ratified by OTNZ-WNA Council State Date: July 2002 Review date: 2006 Version no. 2 Occupational Therapy New Zealand Whakaora Ngangahau Aotearoa (OTNZ-WNA) Evidence Based Practice Position Statement Background
More informationRequest for Proposals: Junior Investigators in Genetics and Human Agency Letters of Intent Due March 1, 2016
Request for Proposals: Junior Investigators in Genetics and Human Agency Letters of Intent Due March 1, 2016 The Department of Psychology at the University of Virginia is pleased to announce a $3.5 million
More informationMeasuring Impact. Conceptual Issues in Program and Policy Evaluation. Daniel L. Millimet. Southern Methodist University.
Measuring mpact Conceptual ssues in Program and Policy Evaluation Daniel L. Millimet Southern Methodist University 23 May 2013 DL Millimet (SMU) Measuring mpact May 2013 1 / 25 ntroduction Primary concern
More informationSOCIOLOGY (SOC) Kent State University Catalog
Kent State University Catalog 2018-2019 1 SOCIOLOGY (SOC) SOC 12050 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY (DIVD) (KSS) 3 Credit Scientific approach to understanding social interaction, institutions and organization.
More informationCheck List: B.A in Sociology
Check List: B.A in Sociology Liberal Arts Core (LAC) Preferred STAT 150 Introduction to Statistical Analysis (3) (not required but preferred) ** SCI 291 Scientific Writing (3) (not required but preferred)
More information270 COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS. SS 430 High School Teaching Methods (2). See ECI 430. SS 702 Seminar: Social Science Teaching Methodologies (3).
270 COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS SOCIAL SCIENCE EXTENDED MAJOR: The 54-hour extended major requires the 18 hours listed above, plus 30 upper division hours from any 5 of those disciplines, but with no more than
More informationIntroduction to Applied Research in Economics
Introduction to Applied Research in Economics Dr. Kamiljon T. Akramov IFPRI, Washington, DC, USA Training Course on Introduction to Applied Econometric Analysis November 14, 2016, National Library, Dushanbe,
More informationChapter 3 Research Methods and the Practice of Emergency Management
CRIM 2130 Emergency Management Fall 2016 Chapter 3 Research Methods and the Practice of Emergency Management School of Criminology and Justice Studies University of Massachusetts Lowell Discuss the relevance
More information*AP Psychology (#3320)
AASD SOCIAL STUDIES CURRICULUM *AP Psychology (#3320) Description The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the systematic and scientific study of the behavior and mental processes of human
More informationKey gender equality issues to be reflected in the post-2015 development framework
13 March 2013 Original: English Commission on the Status of Women Fifty-seventh session 4-15 March 2013 Agenda item 3 (b) Follow-up to the Fourth World Conference on Women and to the twenty-third special
More informationBehavioral genetics: The study of differences
University of Lethbridge Research Repository OPUS Faculty Research and Publications http://opus.uleth.ca Lalumière, Martin 2005 Behavioral genetics: The study of differences Lalumière, Martin L. Department
More informationPsychology Departmental Mission Statement: Communicating Plus - Psychology: Requirements for a major in psychology:
Psychology Professor Joe W. Hatcher (on leave spring 2017; Associate Professor Kristine A. Kovack-Lesh (Chair); Visiting Professors Jennifer A. Johnson, Gary Young Departmental Mission Statement: The Department
More informationMASTER OF ARTS IN SOCIOLOGY
MASTER OF ARTS IN SOCIOLOGY Sociology is the scientific study of social relationships and individual and collective human action insofar as these are influenced by social forces. It consists of a body
More informationTransforming Education through Scientifically Rigorous Intervention Approaches: A Call for Innovations in the Science of Emotional Intelligence
Transforming Education through Scientifically Rigorous Intervention Approaches: A Call for Innovations in the Science of Emotional Intelligence Authors: Susan E. Rivers & Marc A. Brackett, Department of
More informationSample. Development Gap: Improving Health Care in Southeast Asia. Proposal for Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program Assistance, Spring 2015
Closing the Development Gap: Improving Health Care in Southeast Asia Proposal for Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program Assistance, Spring 2015 Department of Political Science Running Head: Closing
More informationMoving to an Interdisciplinary Perspective on the Causes and Consequences of Unemployment
Moving to an Interdisciplinary Perspective on the Causes and Consequences of Unemployment This section provides questions and prototype answers that can be used to guide educators in providing students
More informationCausality and Statistical Learning
Department of Statistics and Department of Political Science, Columbia University 29 Sept 2012 1. Different questions, different approaches Forward causal inference: What might happen if we do X? Effects
More informationSummary of the National Plan of Action to End Violence Against Women and Children in Zanzibar
Summary of the National Plan of Action to End Violence Against Women and Children in Zanzibar 2017 2022 Ministry of Labour, Empowerment, Elders, Youth, Women and Children (MLEEYWC) 1 Summary of the National
More informationPopulation Association of America/Association of Population Centers
Testimony on behalf of the Population Association of America/Association of Population Centers Regarding the Fiscal Year 2013 Appropriation for the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Health
More informationWhy Do We Conduct Social Research?
Why Do We Conduct Social Research? Answer Practical Questions Make Informed Decisions Change Society Build Basic Knowledge about Society (Detect regulaties in the various social relations) The Steps of
More informationMichael J. McQuestion, PhD, MPH Johns Hopkins University. Measurement Concepts and Introduction to Problem Solving
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. Your use of this material constitutes acceptance of that license and the conditions of use of materials on this
More informationIntroduction to Applied Research in Economics Kamiljon T. Akramov, Ph.D. IFPRI, Washington, DC, USA
Introduction to Applied Research in Economics Kamiljon T. Akramov, Ph.D. IFPRI, Washington, DC, USA Training Course on Applied Econometric Analysis June 1, 2015, WIUT, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Why do we need
More informationFamily Constellations and Life Satisfaction in Europe
Family Constellations and Life Satisfaction in Europe Silvana Salvini Elena Pirani Daniele Vignoli University of Florence, Department of Statistics G. Parenti, ITALY salvini@ds.unifi.it; pirani@ds.unifi.it;
More informationIntroduction to Applied Research in Economics
Introduction to Applied Research in Economics Dr. Kamiljon T. Akramov IFPRI, Washington, DC, USA Regional Training Course on Applied Econometric Analysis June 12-23, 2017, WIUT, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Why
More informationChapter 1 Social Science and Its Methods
Chapter 1 Social Science and Its Methods MULTIPLE CHOICE 1) Scientific knowledge is knowledge that has been: A) systematically gathered, classified, related, and interpreted. B) rediscovered and cherished
More informationNSF White Paper: How and Why Do Close Relationships Shape Human Behavior? Abstract [199 words]
NSF White Paper: How and Why Do Close Relationships Shape Human Behavior? Page 1 October, 2010 NSF White Paper: How and Why Do Close Relationships Shape Human Behavior? Grand Challenge Question: What are
More informationDemography. Zimbabwe:
? The Demography of Zimbabwe: i some Research Findings university of Zimbabwe Demographic unit. s' Edited by William Muhwava Published by Earthware Publishing Services on behalf of the Demographic Unit,
More informationExecutive Board of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund and the United Nations Office for Project Services
United Nations Executive Board of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund and the United Nations Office for Project Services Distr.: General 18 July 2013 Original:
More informationThe Limits of Inference Without Theory
The Limits of Inference Without Theory Kenneth I. Wolpin University of Pennsylvania Koopmans Memorial Lecture (2) Cowles Foundation Yale University November 3, 2010 Introduction Fuller utilization of the
More informationVolume 2018 Article 47. Follow this and additional works at:
Undergraduate Catalog of Courses Volume 2018 Article 47 7-1-2018 Sociology Saint Mary's College of California Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.stmarys-ca.edu/undergraduate-catalog
More informationINSECURITY. Food. Though analyses at the regional and national levels
Food INSECURITY The Southern Rural Development Center addresses... Report from RIDGE-funded research in the Southern Region Food insecurity and emotional well-being among single mothers in the rural South
More informationCASE STUDY 2: VOCATIONAL TRAINING FOR DISADVANTAGED YOUTH
CASE STUDY 2: VOCATIONAL TRAINING FOR DISADVANTAGED YOUTH Why Randomize? This case study is based on Training Disadvantaged Youth in Latin America: Evidence from a Randomized Trial by Orazio Attanasio,
More informationSELECTED FACTORS LEADING TO THE TRANSMISSION OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION ACROSS GENERATIONS: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR SIX AFRICAN COUNTRIES
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ENDING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS SELECTED FACTORS LEADING TO THE TRANSMISSION
More informationSIBLINGS OF CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY 1
SIBLINGS OF CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY 1 Development of Siblings of Children with Intellectual Disability Brendan Hendrick University of North Carolina Chapel Hill 3/23/15 SIBLINGS OF CHILDREN
More informationCALL FOR PAPERS: THE 8th MIDTERM CONFERENCE ON EMOTIONS, EDINBURGH, 2018
CALL FOR PAPERS: THE 8th MIDTERM CONFERENCE ON EMOTIONS, EDINBURGH, 2018 This is the call for papers for the 8th midterm conference of the European Sociological Association s Sociology of Emotions Research
More informationCriminology Courses-1
Criminology Courses-1 Note: Beginning in academic year 2009-2010, courses in Criminology carry the prefix CRI, prior to that, the course prefix was LWJ. Students normally may not take a course twice, once
More informationIMPACT APA STRATEGIC PLAN
IMPACT APA STRATEGIC PLAN I am very proud to be a psychologist. Most in psychology chose this field for the pursuit of knowledge and to make an impact, and I ve seen firsthand how psychology affects practically
More informationFollow-up to the Second World Assembly on Ageing Inputs to the Secretary-General s report, pursuant to GA resolution 65/182
Follow-up to the Second World Assembly on Ageing Inputs to the Secretary-General s report, pursuant to GA resolution 65/182 The resolution clearly draws attention to the need to address the gender dimensions
More informationSystems Theory: Should Information Researchers Even Care?
Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) SAIS 2016 Proceedings Southern (SAIS) 2016 Systems Theory: Should Information Researchers Even Care? Kane J. Smith Virginia Commonwealth
More informationOPERATIONS MANUAL BANK POLICIES (BP) These policies were prepared for use by ADB staff and are not necessarily a complete treatment of the subject.
OM Section C2/BP Page 1 of 3 BANK POLICIES (BP) These policies were prepared for use by ADB staff and are not necessarily a complete treatment of the subject. A. Introduction GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT IN
More informationHow was your experience working in a group on the Literature Review?
Journal 10/18 How was your experience working in a group on the Literature Review? What worked? What didn t work? What are the benefits of working in a group? What are the disadvantages of working in a
More informationJournal of Political Economy, Vol. 93, No. 2 (Apr., 1985)
Confirmations and Contradictions Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 93, No. 2 (Apr., 1985) Estimates of the Deterrent Effect of Capital Punishment: The Importance of the Researcher's Prior Beliefs Walter
More informationExecutive Board of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund and the United Nations Office for Project Services
United Nations DP/FPA/CPD/JOR/8 Executive Board of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund and the United Nations Office for Project Services Distr.: General 6 August
More informationMINNESOTA GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2015 Phyllis A. Greenberg, PhD Sue Humphers-Ginther, PhD Jim Tift, M.A. Missy Reichl, B.S.
CAREERS IN AGING MINNESOTA GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2015 Phyllis A. Greenberg, PhD Sue Humphers-Ginther, PhD Jim Tift, M.A. Missy Reichl, B.S. 1 WHAT IS GERONTOLOGY? GERIATRICS? Aging is
More informationResilience in Individuals and Communities
Resilience in Individuals and Communities OVERVIEW This document provides a review of the scientific community s current understanding of why some individuals thrive in response to adversity while others
More informationComputational Neuroscience. Instructor: Odelia Schwartz
Computational Neuroscience 2017 1 Instructor: Odelia Schwartz From the NIH web site: Committee report: Brain 2025: A Scientific Vision (from 2014) #1. Discovering diversity: Identify and provide experimental
More informationThe Effects of the AIDS Epidemic on the Elderly in a High-Prevalence Setting in Sub-Saharan Africa
The Effects of the AIDS Epidemic on the Elderly in a High-Prevalence Setting in Sub-Saharan Africa Philip Anglewicz 1, Jere R. Behrman 2, Peter Fleming 3, Hans-Peter Kohler 4, Winford Masanjala 5, and
More informationDefinitions of Nature of Science and Scientific Inquiry that Guide Project ICAN: A Cheat Sheet
Definitions of Nature of Science and Scientific Inquiry that Guide Project ICAN: A Cheat Sheet What is the NOS? The phrase nature of science typically refers to the values and assumptions inherent to scientific
More informationWomen and Drug Crime: The Role of Welfare Reform. Hope Corman. Dhaval Dave. Nancy E. Reichman. Dhiman Das
Women and Drug Crime: The Role of Welfare Reform Hope Corman Dhaval Dave Nancy E. Reichman Dhiman Das Although crime is perceived to be a male activity and the propensity to engage in crime is higher for
More informationCausality and Statistical Learning
Department of Statistics and Department of Political Science, Columbia University 27 Mar 2013 1. Different questions, different approaches Forward causal inference: What might happen if we do X? Effects
More informationSOCIOLOGY (SOC) University of New Hampshire 1. SOC Statistics. Elementary applied statistical techniques; tables, graphs, crossclassifications;
University of New Hampshire 1 SOCIOLOGY (SOC) # Course numbers with the # symbol included (e.g. #400) have not been taught in the last 3 years. SOC 400 - Introductory Sociology current research findings
More informationInternational Journal of Health Sciences and Research ISSN:
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Original Research Article Social Factors on Fertility Behaviour among Rural Women in Tiruchirappalli District, Geetha
More informationTHEORY OF POPULATION CHANGE: R. A. EASTERLIN AND THE AMERICAN FERTILITY SWING
Lecture on R. A. Easterlin American Fertility Swing THEORY OF POPULATION CHANGE: R. A. EASTERLIN AND THE AMERICAN FERTILITY SWING 1 Comparison and Contrast of Malthus and Easterlin: Malthus' approach is
More informationThis article, the last in a 4-part series on philosophical problems
GUEST ARTICLE Philosophical Issues in Medicine and Psychiatry, Part IV James Lake, MD This article, the last in a 4-part series on philosophical problems in conventional and integrative medicine, focuses
More informationBACHELOR S DEGREE IN SOCIAL WORK. YEAR 1 (60 ETCS) Fundamentals of Public and Private Law Sociology. Practicum I Introduction to Statistics
BACHELOR S DEGREE IN SOCIAL WORK YEAR 1 (60 ETCS) Fundamentals of Public and Private Law Sociology Economic and Social History Psychology Foundations for Social Work Introduction to Economics Practicum
More informationREMARKS ON THE ANALYSIS OF CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS IN POPULATION RESEARCH*
Analysis of Causal Relationships in Population Research 91 REMARKS ON THE ANALYSIS OF CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS IN POPULATION RESEARCH* ROBERT MOFFITT The problem of determining cause and effect is one of the
More informationThe role of theory in construction management: a call for debate
The role of theory in construction management: a call for debate Seymour, D, Crook, D and Rooke, JA http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014461997373169 Title Authors Type URL The role of theory in construction management:
More informationReproductive Decision-Making in Transitional Contexts. Kristin Snopkowski Boise State University
Reproductive Decision-Making in Transitional Contexts Kristin Snopkowski Boise State University Reproductive Decision-Making Understanding the Reproductive Puzzle Women Men Kin Demographic Transition Time
More informationSocial Epidemiology Research and its Contribution to Critical Discourse Analysis
Social Epidemiology Research and its Contribution to Critical Discourse Analysis Quynh Lê University of Tamania Abstract Social epidemiology has received great attention recently in research, particularly
More informationFUNDAMENTALS OF FAMILY THEORY 8. SOCIETAL EMOTIONAL PROCESS & EMOTIONAL CUT-OFF
FUNDAMENTALS OF FAMILY THEORY 8. SOCIETAL EMOTIONAL PROCESS & EMOTIONAL CUT-OFF 8.1. Societal Emotional Process Emotional process in society, along with emotional cut-off, is one of Bowen s most recently
More informationQuasi-experimental analysis Notes for "Structural modelling".
Quasi-experimental analysis Notes for "Structural modelling". Martin Browning Department of Economics, University of Oxford Revised, February 3 2012 1 Quasi-experimental analysis. 1.1 Modelling using quasi-experiments.
More informationPenn State MPH Program Competencies 2013
Core Competencies Five Core Areas of Public Health: Biostatistics 1. Explain the fundamental concepts of biostatistics. 2. Utilize common statistical methods (i.e., calculate, analyze, interpret, report)
More informationSociology Chapter 1 The Sociological Point of View
Sociology Chapter 1 The Sociological Point of View Section 1: Examining Social Life Section 2: Sociology: Then and Now What is Sociology? the social science that studies human society & social behavior
More informationExecutive Board of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund and the United Nations Office for Project Services
United Nations DP/FPA/CPD/BRA/5 Executive Board of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund the United Nations Office for Project Services Distr.: General 26 September
More informationCollege of Psychology and Counseling. Program Overview and Distinctives
College of Psychology and Counseling Program Overview and Distinctives 2018-2019 Hope International University (Updated June 2013; August 2013; updated January 2015; updated 2017) University Mission Statement
More informationPropensity Score Analysis Shenyang Guo, Ph.D.
Propensity Score Analysis Shenyang Guo, Ph.D. Upcoming Seminar: April 7-8, 2017, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Propensity Score Analysis 1. Overview 1.1 Observational studies and challenges 1.2 Why and when
More informationPSYCHOLOGY IAS MAINS: QUESTIONS TREND ANALYSIS
VISION IAS www.visionias.wordpress.com www.visionias.cfsites.org www.visioniasonline.com Under the Guidance of Ajay Kumar Singh ( B.Tech. IIT Roorkee, Director & Founder : Vision IAS ) PSYCHOLOGY IAS MAINS:
More informationDoes Male Education Affect Fertility? Evidence from Mali
Does Male Education Affect Fertility? Evidence from Mali Raphael Godefroy (University of Montreal) Joshua Lewis (University of Montreal) April 6, 2018 Abstract This paper studies how school access affects
More informationIntegrating Theory, Research, and Practice in Vocational Psychology: Perspectives of a Journal of Vocational Behavior Editorial Board Member
Integrating Theory, Research, and Practice in Vocational Psychology: Perspectives of a Journal of Vocational Behavior Editorial Board Member Donna E. Schultheiss Cleveland State University Fundamental
More informationGender, Time Use, and Health Outcomes in Rural India
Gender, Time Use, and Health Outcomes in Rural India Dates of Study Period: 7/1/2011-8/31/2011 (eight weeks) Location: Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, South India Foreign Institution: Christian Medical College,
More informationHIA Screening, Scoping and Assessment
HIA Screening, Scoping and Assessment UCLA/California Endowment Health Impact Assessment Methods Workshop Sacramento April 13, 2007 Brian L. Cole, Dr.P.H. UCLA School of Public Health Screening for HIA
More informationEcon 270: Theoretical Modeling 1
Econ 270: Theoretical Modeling 1 Economics is certainly not the only social science to use mathematical theoretical models to examine a particular question. But economics, since the 1960s, has evolved
More informationSwedish Initiative for Research on Microdata in the Social And Medical Sciences. What is SIMSAM? Anna Holmström
Swedish Initiative for Research on Microdata in the Social And Medical Sciences What is SIMSAM? Anna Holmström Ph.D., SIMSAM Network Coordinator Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience Insurance Medicine Karolinska
More informationChapter 1 Introduction to Educational Research
Chapter 1 Introduction to Educational Research The purpose of Chapter One is to provide an overview of educational research and introduce you to some important terms and concepts. My discussion in this
More informationPublic Health Masters (MPH) Competencies and Coursework by Major
I. Master of Science of Public Health A. Core Competencies B. Major Specific Competencies i. Professional Health Education ii. iii. iv. Family Activity Physical Activity Behavioral, Social, and Community
More informationAccredi ted. hours. Accredi ted. Hours
Women s Studies Center University of Jordan Study plan number r 2012 Study Plan for Women s Studies Masters Program Thesis Track First: general terms and conditions 1. This plan conforms to the valid regulations
More informationEconomic Evaluation. Introduction to Economic Evaluation
Economic Evaluation Introduction to Economic Evaluation This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. Your use of this material constitutes acceptance of
More informationSocial Work BA. Study Abroad Course List /2018 Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Social Work Department of Community and Social Studies
Centre for International Relations Social Work BA Study Abroad Course List - 2017/2018 Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Social Work Department of Community and Social Studies Tuition-fee/credit: 100
More information4. The maximum decline in absolute terms in total fertility rate during 1950 to 1995 was observed in
Population Change and Public Health Exercise 5A 1. Fertility transition is said to be completed when A. The fertility has decline by more than 10% from its original level B. The fertility has declined
More informationThe language of social exclusion in applications to early programmes
Contents The language of social exclusion in applications to early programmes By Michael Clegg & James Killeen, December 2000 Executive Summary 1. Introduction and Methodology 2. The language of applicants:
More informationPSYCHOLOGY CONTENT STANDARDS
PSYCHOLOGY Psychology is the scientific study of mental processes and behavior. The course is divided into eight content areas. History & Scientific Method explores the history of psychology, the research
More informationThe relevance of quantitative economic theory for historical demography
The relevance of quantitative economic theory for historical demography David de la Croix Biography de la Croix, David (born 1964, PhD 1992) is Professor of economics at UCL (Louvain-la- Neuve, Belgium).
More informationResponse to Carnegie Roundtable on Measuring Wellbeing in Northern Ireland
Response to Carnegie Roundtable on Measuring Wellbeing in Northern Ireland May 2014 Belfast Healthy Cities welcomes the opportunity to contribute to the work of the Roundtable. Belfast Healthy Cities is
More informationAttending to the Whole Population
Attending to the Whole Population a population health roundtable June 29, 2016 WHO definition of health Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence
More informationCitation for published version (APA): Ebbes, P. (2004). Latent instrumental variables: a new approach to solve for endogeneity s.n.
University of Groningen Latent instrumental variables Ebbes, P. IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document
More informationCancer survivorship and labor market attachments: Evidence from MEPS data
Cancer survivorship and labor market attachments: Evidence from 2008-2014 MEPS data University of Memphis, Department of Economics January 7, 2018 Presentation outline Motivation and previous literature
More informationCommission on the Status of Women (CSW62) Challenges and opportunities in achieving gender equality and the empowerment of rural women and girls
Commission on the Status of Women (CSW62) Challenges and opportunities in achieving gender equality and the empowerment of rural women and girls Each year nearly 4,000 NGO representatives and UN member
More informationMethodological Issues in Measuring the Development of Character
Methodological Issues in Measuring the Development of Character Noel A. Card Department of Human Development and Family Studies College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Supported by a grant from the John Templeton
More informationWritten by admin Monday, 24 December :50 - Last Updated Saturday, 05 January :05
Conflict Mediation and Resolution Introduction Ethics in healthcare is a matter that needs to be given a lot of priority as well as a keen approach. This is because what one person might consider being
More information