Maintaining Self-Esteem

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1 LP 13F assessment and pseudo 1 Maintaining Self-Esteem Self-Esteem and Death Anxiety and Terror Management Theory (my take on terror management theory, which has nothing to do with terrorism). In my interpretation of terror management theory (the short version), most people are not going to have monuments, stories or books written about them that will exist beyond their death. Their names will be lost to history. However, what may outlast a person s life is their culture. That is what will become immortal. Supporting and maintaining your culture (whatever that definition is) bring meaning to people s life. What this means is that When your definition of culture is threatened / challenged or deemed irrelevant, you feel anxious because your culture gives life meaning. People will address this psychological /existential threat as if it were a physical threat and do what is necessary to maintain their culture whether it is restricting the right to vote for women, fighting against marriage equality or support fox hunting.

2 LP 13F assessment and pseudo 2 When reminded of death (the death anxiety), you are more likely to support your social institutions that maintain your culture. Examples: man who harassed woman for wearing a Puerto Rico shirt/flag anonymous person who threatened to release nude photos of Emma Watson for speaking on gender equality.

3 LP 13F assessment and pseudo 3 Self-Serving Bias In individualistic cultures like the United States, northern and western Europe, Australia, Canada and New Zealand, there is a tendency to attribute success to personal factors and failure to situational factors. Successes Failures Internal, personal causes External, situational causes When I win, it is skill When I lose, it is bad luck There is a discrepancy or bias when explaining wins and losses. Quite often these discrepancies occur over a period of time and are more difficult to detect. Those who tend to commit the self-serving bias tend to be happier, but have a less accurate perception of the world around them.

4 LP 13F assessment and pseudo 4 Bankers were willing to claim that profits were due to their leadership and the bonuses were justified. However, when the economy went bad and crashed, it was due to circumstances beyond their control.

5 LP 13F assessment and pseudo 5 Self-Effacing Bias In collectivist cultures like the Japan, Pakistan, China and some African nations, there is a tendency to attribute success to situational factors and failure to personal factors. Successes Failures External, situational causes Internal, personal causes When I win, it is good luck When I lose, it is I am no good at poker

6 LP 13F assessment and pseudo 6 Student examples of self-serving bias Mick likes to cook and is pretty good and knows it. He says he has a talent for it etc. However, when the dish comes out bad, he says it's because the meat was not fresh or the wine was not good. Richard is a hockey goal-tender and when his team wins, he talks about the great saves he made, etc. When his team loses the team played like crap. "Where was my defense?", Richard says "I was screened, that shot was deflected, he didn't cover his man, etc." When Jeff got an A on his History mid-term he congratulated himself on being so smart. Then when he got a D on the History final exam he sighed and reassured herself that he had been tired and overly stressed and that is why he got the D. The last time Ashley aced a test, she claimed it was because she was smart. Yet, in the same class, the test before, she failed and blamed her failure on unfair teaching practices.

7 LP 13F assessment and pseudo 7 I usually score about 92-96% on my calculus tests. When I received 100% on a calculus test I thought that it was because I was good at calculus. The next test I got an 88% and claimed that the professor graded unfairly.

8 LP 13F assessment and pseudo 8 A friend of mine is taking an Anatomy class this summer. At the first of the term she really liked the teacher and the subject. She was excited to learn and understand more about her body. She felt confident because the teacher was so good. Now, after failing two tests she has changed her mind. She is no longer interested or excited in the subject and she now says that the teacher goes too fast and doesn't care for the students and their learning processes. She knows she isn't doing well and she has reasoned this by the teachers lack of concern and the bad subject instead of acknowledging that she could try harder, review with the classmates, attend review sessions and so on. The impact is that she is worried and scared, and she has lost hope. She blames her loss of interest on the teacher and not on her grade results. She may or may not improve. It has yet to be seen with one week left. Tonya Harding was skating in the Olympic finals and her skate lace broke. She had to stop during her performance to get another one. After the performance was all over, I heard her say that she would have done better if she did not have the problem with her lace. I seriously doubt that she would not attribute her success to her skates.

9 LP 13F assessment and pseudo 9 Better Than Average If you don t have operational definitions, you run into problems such as the following results: 60% of surveyed high school students rated themselves in the top 10% 25% rated themselves in the top 1% They used different operational definitions of what is best, such as math, sports, music, art, glee club, social friends.

10 LP 13F assessment and pseudo 10 Better than Average Jon Stewart: Jon Stewart as Nancy Pelosi: Jon Stewart: Jon Stewart as Nancy Pelosi: Jon Stewart: Jon Stewart: If money corrupts the process, and you have to get money, then you are corrupted by the process (short version) No, it corrupts them. Why doesn t it corrupt you? We aren t corruptible. Really, because that is what an insane person would say. Ice cream makes them fat, it doesn t make us fat. Ice cream, that is how we metabolize it. You know why? We know it is bad for you. If you know it is bad for you, it doesn t affect you.

11 LP 13F assessment and pseudo 11 Better Than Average In general people think they are healthier than average, use less electricity than average better than the average driver (even while hospitalized for being in an auto accident) If you think you are healthier than average, you are less likely to get your flu shot (or other preventative care), not reduce your electricity consumption, or take driving lessons. The better than average effect can come from vague definitions and/or lack of feedback on your performance.

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