HISTORY A. Y223/01 The Cold War in Europe Summer 2017 examination series A LEVEL. Exemplar Candidate Work. H505 For first teaching in 2015

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1 Qualification Accredited Oxford Cambridge and RSA A LEVEL HISTORY A H505 For first teaching in 2015 Y223/01 The Cold War in Europe Summer 2017 examination series Version 1

2 Contents Introduction 3 Question 1a: Level 6-9 mark answer 4 Commentary 6 Question 1b: Level 6-17 mark answer 7 Commentary 11 Question 1a: Level 4-5 mark answer 12 Commentary 13 Question 1b: Level 5-15 mark answer 14 Commentary 17 Question 1a: Level 4-6 mark answer 18 Commentary 20 Question 1b: Level 4-12 mark answer 21 Commentary 23 Question 1a: Level 4-6 mark answer 24 Commentary 25 Question 1b: Level 5-14 mark answer 26 Commentary 29 Question 2a: Level 6-9 mark answer 30 Commentary 31 Question 2b: Level 5-15 mark answer 32 Commentary 35 Question 2a: Level 4-5 mark answer 36 Commentary 37 Question 2b: Level 4-12 mark answer 38 Commentary 40 Question 2a: Level 4-5 mark answer 41 Commentary 43 Question 2b: Level 2-6 mark answer 44 Commentary 47 2

3 Introduction These exemplar answers have been chosen from the summer 2017 examination series. OCR is open to a wide variety of approaches and all answers are considered on their merits. These exemplars, therefore, should not be seen as the only way to answer questions but do illustrate how the mark scheme has been applied. Please always refer to the specification ( org.uk/images/ specification-accredited-a-levelgce-history-a-h505.pdf ) for full details of the assessment for this qualification. These exemplar answers should also be read in conjunction with the sample assessment materials and the June 2017 Examiners Report to Centres available on the OCR website qualifications/. The question paper, mark scheme and any resource booklet(s) will be available on the OCR website from summer Until then, they are available on OCR Interchange (school exams officers will have a login for this). It is important to note that approaches to question setting and marking will remain consistent. At the same time OCR reviews all its qualifications annually and may make small adjustments to improve the performance of its assessments. We will let you know of any substantive changes. 3

4 Question 1(a) Which of the following had the greater impact on the development of the Cold War in the years ? (i) The Arms Race (ii) The Space Race Explain your answer with reference to both (i) and (ii). [10] Level 6 answer 9 marks 4

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6 Examiner commentary The candidate focuses consistently on the question and considers both factors in reasonable depth. The detailed analysis is supported by good factual content and the candidate argues convincingly that the arms race had a more significant impact on relations between the superpowers. A range of issues is considered and the candidate does not fall into a descriptive trap. Clear understanding is demonstrated and the judgement is developed. A Level 6 mark was appropriate for this answer. 6

7 Question 1(b) Assess the reasons for the absence of a reconciliation between the USSR and the West in Europe in the years [20] Level 6 answer 17 marks 7

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11 Examiner commentary This is a very good response which is clearly focused on the demands of the question. There is a clear line of reasoning established in the introduction - that the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Aid cemented political and economic divisions in Europe. This is followed throughout the essay, with analysis of other factors and their importance. It is a well-focused answer which deals convincingly with the issue of the absence of reconciliation. Contextual support is detailed and supports the argument well. The answer was placed in Level 6 at 17 marks. 11

12 Question 1(a) Which of the following had the greater impact on the development of the Cold War in the years ? (i) The Arms Race (ii) The Space Race Explain your answer with reference to both (i) and (ii). [10] Level 4 answer 5 marks 12

13 Examiner commentary There is some unevenness in this answer, although the candidate does attempt to explain both of the issues in the question. There is more specific knowledge of the space race and its impact on relations between the superpowers but there is an attempt to explain the significance of both factors rather than to highlight what happened. The analysis of the arms race is less well developed and generalised in part and there is some judgement, although this is limited. The appropriate level for this response was the lower end of Level 4. 13

14 Question 1(b) Assess the reasons for the absence of a reconciliation between the USSR and the West in Europe in the years [20] Level 5 answer 15 marks 14

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17 Examiner commentary The candidate has written an essay which is mostly focused on the issues in the question. A range of factors is given in the introduction and the candidate then focuses on three factors, which is perfectly acceptable given the time restraints in the examination. There is analysis of the factors and the candidate weighs these up against each other so that the line of reasoning is evident throughout. The level of support is detailed in places and it is clear that the candidate has engaged with the question. The final judgement is reasonably clear and so the answer was placed into Level 5. 17

18 Question 1(a) Which of the following had the greater impact on the development of the Cold War in the years ? (i) The Arms Race (ii) The Space Race Explain your answer with reference to both (i) and (ii). [10] Level 4 answer 6 marks 18

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20 Examiner commentary There is some answer to the question with both factors being considered. The level of supporting detail is quite general at first, although this improves later in the answer. There is some knowledge of both the arms race and space race, and the comments made are valid. There is explanation and analysis and the judgement at the end, although not fully developed, makes some valid points. Because of this the appropriate mark for this response was Level 4. 20

21 Question 1(b) How successful was Nazi economic policy in the years ? [20] Level 4 answer 12 marks 21

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23 Examiner commentary There is some answer to this question with a range of factors being discussed. The level of supporting detail is sound, although there is a tendency to list factors rather than weigh these up against each other and analyse their importance. The judgement made is basic, with the candidate restating the points made in the rest of the essay. However the question is generally addressed and so an appropriate Level 4 mark was awarded. 23

24 Question 1(a) Which of the following had the greater impact on the development of the Cold War in the years ? (i) The Arms Race (ii) The Space Race Explain your answer with reference to both (i) and (ii). [10] Level 4 answer 6 marks 24

25 Examiner commentary The candidate attempted this question after the essay question. There is a clear attempt to respond to the issues in the question. There is some analysis and evaluation, although the level of supporting material is not extensive and valid comments are made about the importance of the space race. The arms race is also covered, but again without extensive support. The analysis and judgement is sound and so a Level 4 mark was appropriate. 25

26 Question 1(b) Assess the reasons for the absence of a reconciliation between the USSR and the West in Europe in the years [20] Level 5 answer 14 marks 26

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29 Examiner commentary There is a clear attempt to engage with the issues in this essay and the focus is consistently on the question. There is judgement, although the links between factors could be made more explicitly. At times the candidate tends to list the factors and this means that the analysis is not as strong, although there is a definite attempt to weigh up the relative importance of each factor. The supporting evidence is sound and so a Level 5 mark was awarded at the lower end of the band. 29

30 Question 2(a) Which of the following had a greater impact on the division of Europe in the years ? (i) Economic policies: the Marshall Plan and Comecon (ii) Military policies: NATO and the Warsaw Pact Explain your answer with reference to both (i) and (ii). [10] Level 6 answer 9 marks 30

31 Examiner commentary There is explanation of both factors here, with analysis of both military and economic policies. There is consistent focus on the question with detailed support for each factor. Evaluation is present and the argument is sustained throughout with the candidate supporting the view taken in the introduction throughout. There is some slight unevenness between economic and military policies but the judgement is developed and the comparative nature of the answer means that a Level 6 mark was awarded at the lower end of the band. 31

32 Question 2(b) The main reason why Eastern Europe failed to mount any effective opposition to Soviet rule in the years was because resistance movements were divided and weak. How far do you agree? [20] Level 5 answer 15 marks 32

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35 Examiner commentary This is a clearly focused response which deals with some of the divisions and weaknesses of resistance movements in Eastern Europe as well as considering alternative explanations, including the lack of support from the West. The candidate adopts a perfectly valid approach of treating the various resistance movements separately and then looks at their weaknesses against other factors. Judgements are made although these are not consistently well-supported. However the argument is focused and so the response was awarded Level 5, 15 marks. 35

36 Question 2(a) Which of the following had a greater impact on the division of Europe in the years ? (i) Economic policies: the Marshall Plan and Comecon (ii) Military policies: NATO and the Warsaw Pact Explain your answer with reference to both (i) and (ii). [10] Level 4 answer 5 marks 36

37 Examiner commentary There is some attempt here to consider both factors and their significance, and the candidate is not merely explaining what happened. There is some knowledge of both factors, although this is not always well developed and there are some errors of understanding. Although the argument is variable, some comparison is attempted and there is analysis which does more than assert. The judgement is weak and so a low Level 4 mark was awarded. 37

38 Question 2(b) The main reason why Eastern Europe failed to mount any effective opposition to Soviet rule in the years was because resistance movements were divided and weak. How far do you agree? [20] Level 4 answer 12 marks 38

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40 Examiner commentary The answer does attempt to focus on the issues in the question, although the level of supporting material is a little variable at times. The answer is not descriptive and does address some of the key issues, including Soviet strength, divisions within the opposition groups and the lack of support from the West. There is analysis of these factors although judgements are undeveloped. The analysis has some support and does more than assert, although the contextual knowledge was not extensive. It was felt that this answer generally addressed the question and so Level 4 was the appropriate band. 40

41 Question 2(a) Which of the following had a greater impact on the division of Europe in the years ? (i) Economic policies: the Marshall Plan and Comecon (ii) Military policies: NATO and the Warsaw Pact Explain your answer with reference to both (i) and (ii). [10] Level 4 answer 5 marks 41

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43 Examiner commentary There is a clear attempt to explain the significance of both aspects covered in this question, although the approach is quite descriptive in places. There is some unevenness in the answer, with the candidate dealing more thoroughly with the economic policies and supporting these with more specific detail. The support for the military policies tended to be more general and the judgement made was therefore undeveloped. A Level 4 mark was awarded to this question as a result. 43

44 Question 2(b) The main reason why Eastern Europe failed to mount any effective opposition to Soviet rule in the years was because resistance movements were divided and weak. How far do you agree? [20] Level 2 answer 6 marks 44

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47 Examiner commentary The candidate has adopted a descriptive approach to this question and failed to deal with the specific aspects of this question. Although the content is generally on topic, the narrative approach means that there is limited evaluation and analysis with only a limited attempt to address the divided and weak opposition in the question. There is some relevant analysis of Soviet strengths but overall the answer is more on topic than on the specific demands of the question and hence a Level 2 mark was awarded. 47

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